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Quadratic Equations in One Variable

Quadratic Equation
Quadratic equation is in the form

2
ax + bx + c = 0

Where
a, b, & c = real-number constants
a & b = numerical coefficient or simply coefficients
a = coefficient of x2
b = coefficient of x
c = constant term or simply constant
a cannot be equal to zero while either b or c can be zero

Examples of Quadratic Equation

Some quadratic equation may not look like the one above. The general appearance of quadratic equation is a second degree curve so that the degree power of
one variable is twice of another variable. Below are examples of equations that can be considered as quadratic.

1. 3x
2
+ 2x − 8 = 0

2. x
2
− 9 = 0

3. 2x
2
+ 5x = 0

4. sin
2
θ − 2 sin θ − 1 = 0

−
−
5. x − 5√x + 6 = 0

6. 10x
1/3 1/6
+ x − 2 = 0

−−− 4 −−−
7. 2√ln x − 5√ln x − 7 = 0

For us to see that the above examples can be treated as quadratic equation, we take example no. 6 above, 10x1/3 + x1/6 - 2 = 0. Let x1/6 = z, thus, x1/3 = z2.
The equation can now be written in the form 10z2 + z - 2 = 0, which shows clearly to be quadratic equation.

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Roots of a Quadratic Equation
The equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be factored into the form

(x − x1 )(x − x2 ) = 0

Where x1 and x2 are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Quadratic Formula
For the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,

−− −−− −−
−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
x =
2a

See the derivation of quadratic formula here.

The quantity b2 - 4ac inside the radical is called discriminat.

• If b2 - 4ac = 0, the roots are real and equal.
• If b2 - 4ac > 0, the roots are real and unequal.
• If b2 - 4ac < 0, the roots are imaginary.

Sum and Product of Roots

If the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are x1 and x2, then

Sum of roots

b
x1 + x2 = −
a

Product of roots

c
x1 x2 =
a

You may see the derivation of formulas for sum and product of roots here.

Tags: quadratic formula, discriminant, quadratic equation, roots, roots of quadratic equation, sum of roots, product of roots

01 - Quadratic equation problem

02 - Quadratic equation problem
03 - Sum and product of roots of quadratic equation
Derivation of Quadratic Formula
Sum and Product of Roots

 02 - Solution to Equations Involving Variable Exponent

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01 - Quadratic equation problem 

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