INTRODUCTION

General Introduction

A program offered to 5th-year students by the University of Nueva Caceres of

Engineering and Architecture, which forms the foundation for the development of
capacity building and competitiveness of industries in the field of Engineering and
technology. Moreover, it can give students to develop their four-year theoretical
background to a practical one. This course takes a one-semester long time, starting
from June to the end of August.

Background of the Company

1.1 INTRODUCTION ????????????????????????????????copy pasted

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  It is planned based on the benefit which it gives for both the students and their hosting
company.

This report has been written because it is curtail to senior students like me to real
exposure for the practical application of what we learnt in the class.

As mention in the first paragraph students and the company can benefit from this
program; for instance; Students

- Have opportunity to develop interpersonal skill with workers

- Have opportunity to gain practical skill

For the Company;

- They have an opportunity to obtain well skilled persons

- They gate opportunity to advert

--------- is multidisciplinary involved in logistic, construction, transportation, and, related

work. The company under takes construction works as grade 2 contractor, transports
and supply construction materials and leases construction equipment and machineries
development of Betret International Sub contractor company activities is based on a
well-defined corporate culture highlighted by the following value.

 A firm commitment to profitability with the aim of the company’ future

 The confidence of its customers won as a result of company’s commitment
to guaranteeing their satisfaction with quality acquired.
  The convection that all activities must be based on the respect on
environments and the sustainable development of the society.
 The commitment to perform high quality construction works with activities
participation of team of dedication skill professionals.

The technical staffs working on site and in the office are well qualified and experienced
in different field of construction.

In addition structure of company allows flexibility and adjustability to fit demanding

environment, timely and well-planned of the supply of the resources is an asset that
company developed throughout its past career. Most of the machines deployed for its
works are either new and in a very good construction.

1.2 Vision of the company

As a growing company, ----------------has boost the company’s equipment management

capacity by overcoming the apparent problem of shortage of spare parts supply and
lack of adequate and efficient repair facility of heavy duty equipment’s in the country.
Highly qualified expatriates staffs are expected to be involved in this work.

Generally the vision is to be an internationally competitive construction company.

1.3 Mission of the company

 Deliver quality services to the satisfaction of clients.

 Provide context oriented engineering solution to civil works project to be
carried out in the country and abroad.
 EXPERIENCES

How we get in to the company

After we finished our second semester this SY 2020-2021 and completed all of the
requirements, we were asked by our classmates if we will take the OJT. Before we are
employed in the company, we asked our good friend/classmate/cooperator, Mr. Uni M.
De Velez if they have work on their office or site concerned to us. We also contacted
our friend, Ms. Glaisa Asilo, who is also working with the company (PEU Construction
and Supply) and they happily accepted our request.

Our cooperator told us we will learn a lot about the design and construction from
them. He gave us orientation about the whole activities for the day which are done on
our intern time. We enjoyed wider recognition, virtual experience with what types of
works are done on the site. We were also advised that we will gain knowledge from the
terms used by our workers related to the construction of roads and houses. Moreover,
working under them is always welcome.

Duties assigned

We have been working on the side of our cooperator and our role was only limited
to and practically understanding the job.

The sections we had been working on:

 Learn to check drawing design and estimation on roof works;

 Visit site (we are encourage to at least visit them);
 Learn on managing of construction work (Management of time);
 Learn on construction sequence; and
 Work being done from materials and by methods specified in the specification.

During our practicum, we also paid special attention to:

 Concrete mix
 Condition of Portland cement
 Condition of plastering
 Assigning respective tasks on workers

Additionally, intern develops how the weekly progress report is prepared in the
site of the project.
Specific Job Information

Virtual Site Supervision

In our stay in this project, we have gained a lot of knowledge and skill
participating in all activities with the help of our cooperator from entrance day up to the
end of OJT. The main activities, we learned in this site vision are:

Major activities in the road construction:

 Clearing and grubbing of materials i.e top soils

 Earthworks including base preparation
 Site work quality control
 Material selection or road construction

Major activities in the house renovation:

 Painting works
 Plastering and other cement works
 Truss making
 Clearing and grubbing of materials

 DISCUSSION

 Construction of 1200m road in Hacienda Salamat, Pili

As we worked on different sites, construction materials were similar to each other

but the most crucial issue is regarding the tests for the quality assurance. We found that
the tests were either conducted made by the engineers in the batching plant.

Compressive strength test

For every concrete mix, 3500 psi is the compressive strength used in the
concrete. All tests were conducted in the batching plant in Robertson’s Builder and
Construction Supply.

Picture nung resibo --------------

Criteria for design:

 Function- the structure should give any of the services it was intended for. It
should be possible to have unrestricted and unhindered use of the structure for
the purpose for which it is built. Crack, deflection and vibration of the structure
should be within the service limits.
 Safety- the structure should be safe against any possible failure during its
intended time of use. It should fulfill requirements set by building codes. It should
follow the codes of practice for loading, materials, design and construction.
 Durability- the structure should be able to stand for a time it is intended to serve
for.
 Economy-The design work should take into account not only the cost of materials
but also the applicability, the time required to build, the cost of temporary
structures, the cost of maintenance.
 Appearance (aesthetic value) - it should have a satisfying appearance/ look. The
design should consider the effect of cracking, leaking, staining, flaking, etc.

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

Ratio proportioning:

Dry

1 part Portland Cement: 2 part gravel rock: 4 medium sand (Type 1 OPC)

The Portland Cement is ideal for general construction which ensures increased
strength and durability over time. Commonly, it is ideal for constructions such as roads,
pavements, bridges, foundations, columns and slabs, and all other applications where
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used.

Process

I. Top Soil

Top soil was removed on site where road construction is take place. This is done
to a considerable depth sufficient to prevent growth of trees or stumps. The removal of
all unwanted soils, structures, and obstructions, to a considerable depth and the
consequent transportation of it to an offsite.

PICTURE---------------

II. Grading

Grading generally involves the process of restoring the driving surface of a gravel
or natural surface road to a desired smoothness or shape by removing irregularities and
corrugations and potholes and redistributing the soil or gravel. This helps in the
redistribution of soil material across the road surface to the desired slope required for
channeling flood.

PICTURE---------------

III. Compaction of sub base layer

After grading the road, the compaction machine is used to compact the loose soil
materials. This is done by the application of pressure (force on a given area) on the soil.
In the course of our project, all our compaction works were done by roller machine.

PICTURE---------------

IV. Application of stone base

Since maximum stress intensity is at the base level, highest quality of material is
incorporated. Crushed stone (Item 201) is then brought in; this would act as the base of
the road. The stone base is obtained by breaking down or crushing rock. After which the
applied stone is then graded using the grader. This was immediately follow by the
compaction of the base stone using the roller machine.

PICTURE---------------

V. Placement of lumber formworks

A lumber formwork was brought on site in which the casting would be done. The
formworks were then placed across the road. It would serve as the support for the fresh
concrete while concrete casting would be on-going. After which, steel rods (16mm in
diameter) where placed inside the form in order to obtain the concrete.

PICTURE---------------

VI. Transporting of concrete

The method of transporting concrete from concrete mixer to the working place depends
on the size of the job at which the concrete is to be placed. The quick transportation is
essential.

PICTURE---------------

VII. Casting of concrete

This involves all the steps taking during the placing of concrete. It should be
noted that the batching and mixing of concrete was done off-site by a contracting firm
which specializes in such. The mixed concrete is then transported to site and then
placed in the already laid form with steel rods.

After placing the concrete, immediately were:

 Screeding- this levels the concrete with the top of the forms and begins the
process of forcing the larger aggregate below the surface. The goal is to spread
level out marks in combined longitudinal and transversal motion using shovel and
a screed.
 Floating and trowelling of the surface to smooth and compact it.
 Brooming- this involves dragging a broom acroos the partially hardened concrete
to leave a rough texture that gives traction in slippery conditions. We used the
wooden push broom with nails as its bristles.
 Curing of cement concrete- this involves the controlling of the rate and extent of
moisture loss from the concrete during cement hydration. It is achieved by
 continuously wetting the exposed surfaces therby preventing the loss of moisture
from it. We utilized water through a hose as sprinkler.
PICTURE---------------

Theory

A road pavement is a structure whose primary aim is to support traffic loads and
transmit them to the basement soil after reducing the stresses below the level that can
be supported by the soil. There are fundamentally two types of pavements based on
design considerations, they are flexible and rigid pavement.
The pavement construction we executed was the construction of concrete
pavement called rigid pavement. The design is based on providing a structural cement
concrete slab of sufficient strength to resist loads of traffic. The rigid pavement has
rigidity and a high modulus of elasticity to distribute the load over the relatively area of
soil. In the design of rigid pavement,
The flexural strength is the major factor and not the strength of sub-grade. It is
worthy of note that concrete has the following advantages which are quite a plus on its
use for pavement construction. It has many environmental advantages, including
durability, longevity, heat storage capability, and chemical inertness.

Criteria for design:

 Ability to be cast
 Fire resistant
 On-site fabrication
 Low maintenance
 Chemically inert concrete doesn’t require paint to achieve a given color
 Needs little or no finish or final treatments

 House Renovation at Robertson’s Staff House

Portland Pozzolan Cement (PPC)

Ratio proportioning:

1 part Portland Cement: 2 part gravel rock: 4 fine sand

The Portland Pozzolan Cement are combined with silicate based materials and calcium
hydroxide to form a compound reaction possessing cementitious properties. It is ideal
for general construction which does not required high early strength.

According to ____, typical concrete sets in about 6 hours and develop a compressive
strength of 8MPa in 24 hours.The strength rises to 15 MPa at 3 days, 23 MPa at 1
week, 35 MPa at 4 weeks, and 41 MPa at 3 months. In principle, the strength continues
to rise slowly as long as water is available for continued hydration.

Floor Layering

During the flooring, I raised a number of questions, particularly observing installation of

tiles. For example, the importance of tapping the tiles with a hammer to eliminate any
unevenness and fill the joints between the tiles with cement.

Wall Plastering

Plaster is a mixture of sand, Portland cement and water which is normally applied to
masonry interiors and exteriors to achieve a smooth surface. The cement plaster for the
interior is applied in single coat with thickness of the coat of 12 mm.

Project Details

All rooms

Flooring Glazed ceramic floor tiles 30 cm x 30 cm

Wall Finish Interior grade paint on plaster
Ceiling Interior grade paint on plaster
Lighting Standard makes and brands

PICTURES----------

Toilet

Flooring Porcelain tiles

Wall Finish Interior grade paint on plaster
Ceiling Interior grade paint on plaster
Lighting Standard makes and brands

PICTURES----------

Kitchen
Flooring Glazed ceramic floor tiles 30 cm x 30 cm
Modular kitchen Standards makes and brands
Counter Granite
Wall Finish Interior grade paint on plaster
Ceiling Interior grade paint on plaster
Lighting Standard makes and brand

PICTURES----------

External Wall Finish

External Wall Finish Exterior grade paint on plaster

PICTURES----------

Doors and Windows

Main Entrance Door Polished Hardwood frame with polished

panel door
Internal Door Painted Hardwood frame with painted
panel door
Windows Frame windows with clear glass

PICTURES----------

Electrical Wiring and Installation

Fixtures and fittings Modular switches/sockets, distribution

boxes and circuit breakers from standard
makes and brands.
Wiring Adequate provision for light points, fan
points, receptacles, and power in all rooms
Points Electrical points for airconditioners in
bedroom and living room

PICTURES----------

Theory
Renovation simply means to make an object like new. In other words, buildings or
poorly maintained houses are sometimes considered to be in state of disrepair. To
renovate a house or building means to resurrect that structure from state of disrepair.

Remodel means “to change the structure or form of something”. If we are looking to
remodel our house, we’re looking to change the appearance of it. If we’re looking to
renovate our house, we’re looking to repair or update it.

We were able to see and observe the works that have done in the site to achieve our
task and to find out practical knowledge.
 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT USED

For Road Construction

A. Materials
 Crushed Gravel G1:
 Should be crushed, washed, and screened to size
 Should be sized 20mm to 40mm
 All faces are fractured faces
 Liquid limit shall not exceed 25. Plastic Index shall not exceed 5.
Shrinkage limit shall not exceed 2%
 With 88% of relative density.
 Sand:
 Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement
 Water: Tap or clean free of hazardous substance
 Madrigal Sand:
 Should pass a sieve with size of 3” and not more than 15 mass percent
will pass the No.200 seive,
 Liquid limit is 25. Plastic Index is 5.2.
 CBR Value is 41.
 Soil classification is silty soil

B. Equipment and Machines

For structure:

 Concrete Mixer Truck

These are machine used for mixing and transporting of concrete. It mixes sand,
granite (fine and coarse aggregate) and cement with water in the right
proportions.
 Concrete vibrator
It is used to compact and settle freshly poured concrete during pours.
 Concrete saw
Is a tool used for cutting and create control joints on the concrete after it
hardened.
 Concrete finishing broom
It is used to create a slip-resistant texture on the surface of the concrete. It
comes in various sizes and the block that holds the bristles is usually made from
wood. Bristle materials tend to be made from nails to produce finishes in the
concrete.
 Plastic Leveling Tube
It is used to transfer a vertical level across a distance.
 Wheelbarrow
They are used to convey materials to locations where they are needed at the
site.
 Shovel
Is a tool for digging, lifting, spreading, and moving materials, such as soil, gravel,
and cement. Most shovels are hand tools consisting of broad blade fixed to a
medium-length handle. It is made from sheet steel or hard plastics and are very
strong.
 Bucket
Is a tool used for carrying water and mixed concrete.
 Screed
Is a tool used for leveling and smoothing out the excess concrete mixture.
 Wooden float board
A tool used to smooth and level the surface immediately after it is screeded.
Floats are made from a long pole for reaching across the form to filling small
voids and smoothing areas close to the edges.
 Vapor Barriers (Trapal)
A sheet used to retard or stop moisture from evaporating from concrete surfaces,
which weakens the concrete, and helps prevent concrete to dry when curing.
 Power hand drills
Are tools for finishing tasks, such as drilling holes on the concrete.

For earth work:

 Backhoe w/grader
A tractor like unit fitted with a loader-style shovel/bucket on the front used to
carry light transportation of materials, excavation, landscaping, etc., and a very
long blade grader on the back to create a flat surface during grading process
 Roller
This machine is designed to consolidate filling materials, to compact surface
finishes.
 Plate compactor
A machine used to compress surfaces, such as gravel or sub-base, to create a
dense, tightly packed surface for the concrete slab to rest on.
 Dump Truck
A heavy machinery used to transport large volumes of loose materials such as
dirt, sand, and wastes.
For House Remodelling

A. Materials
 Crushed Gravel G1:
 Should be crushed, washed, and screened to size
 Should be sized 20mm to 40mm
 All faces are fractured faces
 Liquid limit shall not exceed 25. Plastic Index shall not exceed 5.
Shrinkage limit shall not exceed 2%
 With 88% of relative density.
 Sand:
 Cement: Pozzolan cement packed in original package
 Water: Tap or clean free of hazardous substance

B. Tools and equipment

 Trowel
It is used to apply the plaster onto the surface and to even the materials out for a
smooth finish.
 Paint brush
Is a tool used to apply paint onto surface. It is usually made by clamping bristles
to a handle with a ferrule.
 Screed
Is a tool used to help smooth out concrete once you have put it where it needs to
be.
 Bucket
Is a tool used for carrying water and mixed concrete.
 Hammer
It is used to chip out excess chunks of plaster and to re-secure or remove
problem pieces.
 Spackle knife
It is used to knock down chunks of plaster before applying the paint.
 Hawk
A flat surface tool with a handle used for carrying wet plaster. It helps the
plasterer get the mud onto a trowel evenly and cleanly
 WEEKLY ACTIVITY LOGBOOK

Week 1

Date: June 15- June 18, 2021

I. Scope of the week:

Paving of Portland Cement Concrete (PCCP) on the Road Construction Area

II. Task Completed:

Paving of 300m to 600m section of cement concrete

III. Activities performed daily:

 Inspection of materials and equipment

 Excavation of soil materials and preparation of the base using a backhoe
w/grader
 Compaction or tampering of the soil base using a roller (Pison) and Plate
compactor
 Installation/setting of forms
 Delivery of cement every average of 40 minutes from the batching plant
 Unloading of cement from the concrete mixer
 Screed, concrete vibrating, floating, and brooming after the concrete dries out
 Concrete cutting for every 1 block (4.5m) of road
 Application of asphalt sealant onto the weakened vertical plane

IV. Summary of the activity for the week:

The construction of cement concrete road is provided with a layer of well-graded

soil-gravel mixture with a thickness of 150 mm. It is cleaned, shaped, and leveled with a
backhoe w/grader. The forms are made from lumber and are properly braced and fixed.
After the forms are fixed, the foreman will check for their actual measurement or
“trueness”. For an average of 40 minutes, the concrete is transported to the site from
the batching plant (Robertson’s Construction). Before the concrete is applied, the
prepared surface is made sprinkled with as much as the quantity of water to moist. The
mixed concrete is deposited rapidly on the sub-grade in a layer of thickness as the
height of the form. It is placed over the entire width of the bay in continuous flow until it
is laid out higher than the actual profile. While placing the concrete, it is rounded with
tools to eliminate voids but it should be laid to the required camber and gradient. The
concrete is brought in its proper position by heavy screed. After compaction, the entire
slab surface is floated longitudinally with a wooden float board. After floating, the
surface is done by drawing brushes at right angles to the centerline from edge to edge
before the concrete becomes hard. Initial curing is done after 24 hrs. By this time, the
concrete becomes hard enough to walk upon. Crowbars are then used in removing the
forms and concrete sawing is done 24 hrs after concrete pouring water.

V. Pictures
 Excavation of soil materials and preparation of the base using a backhoe
w/grader.
 Compaction or tampering of the soil base using roller (Pison) and Plate
compactor
Unloading of cement from the concrete mixer.
 Installation/setting of forms

 Screed, concrete vibrating, floating, and brooming after the concrete dries out.
 VI. Challenges we had encountered:

 All communications will rely on technology such as texting and chatting to stay in
touch with our cooperators. Since we are practicing our OJT virtually, we are
forced to stay at home and find our way of communicating using Facebook
Messenger as means.
 Jobsite’s safety. The virus puts a spotlight on the importance of worker health
and safety, and employers responded by implementing new Jobsite policies such
as 100% mask, and top-to-bottom disinfections of Jobsite, particularly, on tools
and machinery. Distancing will be the norm. Knowing the present danger of
COVID-19, the need for social distancing requires our workers to keep their
distance 3 feet (1m) away from each other. However, the implementation of
protocols is hard for our workers to practice since they believe that the COVID-19
in the area/site is not present and is less likely to affect them.
 It is difficult to gather information or data at any time considering we have so
many time and have communication with our cooperator. We are inclined to
make strategies (i.e using digital technology, taking notes, using excel as for our
logbook) to complete the requirements for the day.
 
Week 2

Date: June 21-25, 2021

I. Scope of the week:

Paving of Portland Cement Concrete (PCCP) on the Road Construction Area

II. Task Completed:

Paving of 600m to 867.33m section of cement concrete

III. Activities performed daily:

 Inspection of materials and equipment;

 Excavation of soil materials and preparation of the base using a backhoe
w/grader.
 Compaction or tampering of the soil base using a roller (Pison) and Plate
compactor.
 Installation/setting of forms;
 Delivery of cement every average of 40 minutes from the batching plant.
 Unloading of cement from the concrete mixer.
 Screed, concrete vibrating, floating, and brooming after the concrete dries out.
 Concrete cutting for every 1 block (4.5m) of road.
 Application of asphalt sealant onto the weakened vertical plane.
IV. Pictures

 Installation/setting of forms;
 Unloading of cement from the concrete mixer.
 Plotting

Brooming
 Concrete cutting for every 1 block (4.5m) of road.

V. Challenges we had encountered:

 The rainy season has officially started this month of June. As the season starts,
intermittent heavy rains (caused by Thunderstorms) experience every afternoon.
Most of the time rainfall occurs when we are on the period of drying out the
concrete, therefore we prepare to cover it out with covers (called “Trapal”).

 Bad weather has a tremendous impact on the construction progress. It often

leads to complete suspension and delay due to saturated and unworkable soils.
The heavy downpour of rain during the construction work made work difficult. As
it would get so heavy that work would have to be suspended until it subsides.
After an intense rainfall on the afternoon of June 25, the rainwater is clogged on
the surface of soil base creating a rise on the water table. Since there is water
present on the surface there is a need to stabilize the soil by adding of soil mixed
with gravel (Item 201). The inclement weather for the past few days not only
affected the condition of the soil but also the productivity of the construction.

 Additionally, the rain produced a swelling on the ground to sometimes depression

or grooves when wheels travel on the road. Before we start to grade and level
out the surface we determine first the height of the ground and check if there is a
need to supplement soil on the depress areas. In some cases, we add Madrigal
sand on the ground to equalize the height and aligned it to the surface.
Week 3

Date: June 28-July 2, 2021

I. Scope of the week:

Paving of Portland Cement Concrete (PCCP) on the Road Construction Area/

Road shouldering

II. Task Completed:

Paving of 867.33m to 1200m section of cement concrete and application of 0m to

500m road shoulder

III. Activities performed daily:

Pavement Construction

 Inspection of materials, actual measuring of concrete placed from the previous

activity
 Excavation of soil materials and preparation of the base using backhoe
 Compaction or tampering of the soil base using a roller (pison) and Plate
compactor
 Installation/setting of forms
 Delivery of cement for every 40 minutes from the batching plant.
 Unloading of cement from the concrete mixer.
 Screed, concrete vibrating, floating, and brooming after the concrete dries out.
 Concrete cutting for every 1 block (4.5m) of road.
 Application of asphalt sealant on to the weakened vertical plane.

Road Shouldering

 Excavating of the soil and level out the line with a backhoe
 Application of gravel (Item 201) on the carriageway

IV. Summary of the activity for the week:

Pavement Construction
 The construction of cement concrete road is provided with a layer of well-graded
soil-gravel mixture with a thickness of 150 mm. It is cleaned, shaped, and leveled with a
backhoe w/grader. The forms are made from lumber and are properly braced and fixed.
After the forms are fixed, the foreman will check for their actual measurement or
“trueness”. For an average of 40 minutes, the concrete is transported to the site from
the batching plant (Robertson’s Construction). Before the concrete is applied, the
prepared surface is made sprinkled with as much as the quantity of water to moist. The
mixed concrete is deposited rapidly on the sub-grade in a layer of thickness as the
height of the form. It is placed over the entire width of the bay in continuous flow until it
is laid out higher than the actual profile. While placing the concrete, it is rounded with
tools to eliminate voids but it should be laid to the required camber and gradient. The
concrete is brought in its proper position by heavy screed. After compaction, the entire
slab surface is floated longitudinally with a wooden float board. After floating, the
surface is done by drawing brushes at right angles to the centerline from edge to edge
before the concrete becomes hard. Initial curing is done after 24 hrs. By this time, the
concrete becomes hard enough to walk upon. Crowbars are used in removing the forms
and concrete sawing is done 24 hrs after concrete pouring water.

Road Shouldering

The construction of road shoulders is provided with a layer of well-graded soil gravel
(gravel size of 1”). The material is delivered to the site by a dump truck sourced out from
the same supplier of concrete. Before the gravel is placed, the backhoe will remove any
debris and obstructions and should be free from vegetation. It is graded to the point of a
height of 150 mm. The gravel is then laid out, spread by shovels, and is leveled steeper
on the height of the road for the water to drain easily.

V. Pictures
For shouldering
Installation/setting of forms
 Unloading of cement from the concrete mixer.
 Concrete cutting for every 1 block (4.5m) of road.

VI. Challenges we had encountered:

 Since it is virtual work, distractions keep us away when working at home.

Distractions affect our productivity when doing tasks (i.e Estimate) although
all of us are always prepared. We may never achieve the same focus and
productivity as what is done in a face-to-face practicum. However, we made
it mandatory that we set a time for our specific working hours. This initially
was ignored since everybody is busy and can’t be online every time thus it
took us so long to respond on Facebook Messenger with our cooperator.

 The wet weather over the week made an impact on our construction for
several reasons. The ground became sodden and the water rises slightly
that there is a presence of flooding over the side of the road (Shoulder). This
causes problems in providing a dry environment with our application of
gravel (Item 201). We attempt to add excess soil on the wet surface to cover
since we do not have pumps to remove water as quickly as possible.
Week 4

Date: July 5-9, 2021

I. Scope of the day/ Week:

Road Shouldering

II. Task Completed:

Completion of 500m to 1200m road shoulder

III. Activities performed daily:

 Excavating of the soil and level out the layer of surface using backhoe
 Delivery of gravel from sourced supplier
 Application of gravel on the carriageway
 Spreading
 Concrete cutting for every 1 block (4.5m) of road.
 Application of asphalt sealant on to the weakened vertical plane.

IV. Summary of the activity for the week:

Road Shouldering

The construction of road shoulders is provided with a layer of well-graded soil

gravel (gravel size of 1”). The material is delivered to the site by a dump truck sourced
out from the same supplier of concrete. Before the gravel is placed, the backhoe will
remove any debris and obstructions and should be free from vegetation. It is graded to
the point of a height of 150 mm. The gravel is then laid out, spread by shovels, and is
leveled steeper on the height of the road for the water to drain easily.

V. Pictures
VI. Challenges encountered:

 The slope is highly dependent on the materials available. Since there are
frequent rainfalls in the afternoon, the soils became highly saturated particularly
in areas that are lowest to the ground. Application of gravel onto the area tends
to be more difficult since reshaping is frequently done before placing the gravel.

 Procrastination. It is one of the reason why we tend to be feeling unmotivated

while doing our practicum. We experience difficulties in staying engage with our
online class and even affected making progress on our report. Switching from
traditional face to face class to virtual classroom makes learning experience
entirely different for us. We find it difficult to adapt.


Week 5

Date: July 12 – 16, 2021

I. Task Completed:

Inspection, Surveying, Retouching of Robertson’s Staff House,

II. Activities:

July/12- Site visit of Inspector, Site Engineer, and Internal Audit on the Road
Construction

July/13-

 Clearing and removing

 Dumping
 Plastering
 Painting of ceiling
 Truss making
 Floor tile setting

III. Pictures

IV. Challenges encountered:

Week 6-7

Date: July 19 – 31, 2021

V. Task Completed:

House renovation of Robertson’s Staff House,

VI. Activities:
 Clearing and removing
 Dumping
 Plastering
 Painting of ceiling
 Truss making
 Floor tile setting

VII. Pictures

VIII. Challenges encountered:

A.
 EXPERIENCED GAINED, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

Experience Gained

In less than two months, we are fortunate to have gained various practical skills
in our practicum and has indeed been rewarding. Basically, the experience I gained
includes:

We were able or I was able????????????????????

 I was able to acquire knowledge of what construction means

 I was able to gain knowledge in a lot of processes associated with concrete
 I also acquired knowledge in the steps, activities, and processes involved in the
execution of the project.
 I was able to have practical knowledge in cost estimation in the course of
construction, and
 I was able to understand and learn more clearly the several functions of work
with our cooperator and their workmen.

Technical Practical Skills benefitted from our course:

We are able to improve our practical skills and understand how activities are
executed on construction sites. Below are the skills we gained during our practicum.

 Concrete mixing, procedures, handling, placement, and casting

 The meaning of concrete mix (1:2:4 ratio)
 Paint works
 Reinforcement placement, types of re-bars, lab length
 Setting of formworks and their design
 Construction equipment and observation in line with engineering perspectives
 Determining the thickness of each layer
 Selection of center line of the roads
 Mixing sub grade material in the site
 Construction of drainage which provides an opening under the road way.
 Types and properties of soil
 Inspection of aggregates, drainage system of roads and its design.
 Measures we take for challenges:
The virtual ojt is a challenging environment for us. However we learn practical
knowledge from our experience and working with our cooperator.
We were also able to learn these words:

 Backfilling- refilling of holes created during excavation

 Clearing and grubbing- the process of removing vegetation and material from the
site.
 Field measure- measurements in the structure that do not rely in the blueprint.
 Contractor- the main contractor of the construction. Their responsibility is the
oversight of the project as they handle schedule and monitor the work.
 Stucco- a material made from aggregates, binder, and water.
 Zoning- a government regulation restricting properties cannot be constructed in
areas zoned for residential.

Recommendation
Conclusion
REFERENCE

SOURCES