ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at

CPWD. I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for
issuing a Training letter, which made my training possible at CPWD,
Varanasi. I would like to express my gratitude to Er V.K Kaushik for his
invaluable suggestions, motivation, guidance and support through out the
training. His methodology to start from simple and then deep knowledge
made me to bring out this project report without anxiety.

Thanks to all other CPWD officials, operators and all other members of
CPWD, yet uncounted for their help in completing the project and see the
light of success. l am very thankful to friends, colleagues and all other
persons who rendered their assistance directly or indirectly to complete this
project work successfully. I extended my due thanks to site engineer who
gave me value able time and suggestions and guide me a lot at various stages
of my Summer Training.

Dated: August 2022 Abhishek Kumar Singh

(1905250000006)

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 CONTENT

S.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

CERTIFICATE
1. INTRODUCTION 5
2. PROJECT OVERVIEW 6

3. SITE LOCATION 7-8

4. FORMWORK 9-10
5. PLANNING 11
6. SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK 12
7. PROJECT MONITORING 12
8. BUILDING MATERIAL AND 13-14
CONSTRUCTION
9. COST ESTIMATION 15-16
10. CPWD SPECIFICATION 16-18

11. GREEN BUILDING NORMS 19-20

12. CONCLUSION 21

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 INTRODUCTION

About

The Central Public Works Department of India is a Central Government

owned authority that is in charge of public sector works in the country. Central
Public Works Department (CPWD) under Ministry of Urban Development is
entrusted with construction and maintenance of buildings for most of the
Central Government Departments, Public undertakings and autonomous
bodies.

In the Indian History both pre and post independence - CPWD has a glorious
era of more than 150 year with dedicated, energetic and committed corps of
Engineers and Architects. Before being re-structured to its present form in 1930
“Central Public Works Department” originated in July 1854 when the
Governor General of India decided to set up a Central Agency to exercise
universal control over public works in India with best of scientific knowledge
with authority & system”.

Central Public Works Department, Lucknow is the premier agency of Govt. of

India engaged in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of
Government assets in the field of built environment and infrastructure
development. Assets in built environment include Hospitals, Schools,
Colleges, Technical Institutes, Police Buildings, Prisons, Courts etc; assets in
infrastructure development include Roads, Bridges, Flyovers, Footpaths,
Subways etc.

CPWD Lucknow also sustains and preserves these assets through a well
developed system of maintenance which includes amongst others specialized
services like rehabilitation works, roads signage and aesthetic treatments like
interiors, monument lighting, landscaping.

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 PROJECT OVERVIEW

NAME OF SITE: Akansha parishar Pocket-C , Jankipuram , Luckmow.

NAME OF CONTRACTOR: M/S DD Auhja And Brothers.

ESTIMATED COST: Civil Work- Rs 34,00,00,000/-

DATE OF START: 30-03-2019

STIPULATED DATE OF COMPLETION: 29-03-2023

ACTUAL DATE OF Work is Under Progress completion: (80% Work is

Completed)

TIME ALLOWED : 24Months (Delay due to Corona pandemic)

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SIGNIFICANCE OF FORMWORK

• Formwork constitutes 30% of the cost and 60% of the time in concrete
construction.

• Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depends very much on

the formwork system

• Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork not done properly.

• Accidents happen because of the faulty formwork and scaffolding or

staging.

SAFETY IN USING FORMWORK:-

• Components are light in weight for manual handling.

• Loose or hanging components are minimal.

• Appropriate use of tools.

• Minimum operations are involved in each reuse

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 PLANNING

Planning of a CPWD Project mainly includes:-

• Pre-requisites for execution of work.
• Deposit works
• Preparation of estimates.
• Execution of original work.
• Expenditure on survey, exhibition.
• Register of buildings.
• Green building norms.
• Preparation and accounting of Standard Measurement book.
• Preparation and passing bills for payment.
• Documentation of accounts.
• Contracts and forms.
• Preparation of tender documents
• Publicity of tenders
• Sale of documents
• Earnest money.
• Issue of material to contractors.
• Issue of tool and plant.
• Payment to contractors
• Insurance
• Losses or damages.
• Budgeting

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SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK

Following are the sequence in which work is taking place in any site. This sequence
must be followed for proper coordination of project before its deadline with full quality

• Site clearance

• Demarcation of site

• Positioning of central coordinate i.e. (0,0,0) as per grid plan

• Surveying and layout

• Excavation

• Laying of PCC

• Bar binding and placement of foundation steel

• Shuttering and scaffolding

• Concreting

• Electrical and plumbing

• Deshuttering

• Brickwork

• Doors and Windows frames along with Lintel

• Wiring for Electrical purposes

• Plastering

• Flooring and tiling work

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 Field level

The direct responsibility for ensuring proper quality of work as per approved
specifications for achieving the intended performance and structural,
functional and
aesthetical parameters, and the desired life of the building/installation/structure
rests
with the construction team of Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer and
Junior Engineer.

Quality Control team at Circle Level

To keep a watch on the effectiveness/adequacy of Quality Assurance

measures at site, a Quality Assurance team with SE of the circle as its head
and comprising of one AE.

The functions of the Quality Assurance team at Circle level are to check the
compliance of Quality Assurance system by the field units, to locate the
lapse/deficiency in the implementation of the Quality Assurance Plan, and to
guide the field engineers in quality related aspects of the work.

PROJECT MONITORING

PROJECT MONITORING SYSTEM

This is done to continuously track the performance of the project progress, cost sand
condition contribution. Corrective actions can be taken when required and provides data.

The following three reports are made for the tracking-

• e Monthly progress report

• e Job cost report

• e Project performance report.

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QUALITY:
The technical audit of works done by CPWD used to be done in-house right from its
inception. The functions of Quality Assurance and Technical Audit of works were
shifted to CVC in the year 1964. On the recommendation of Ranganathan Committee,
the Quality Assurance functions were again shifted to CPWD in the year 1979.

The implementation of Quality Assurance in the field will require close co- operation
among the three agencies, namely (a) field engineers (b) the construction agency, and
(c)the Quality Assurance team at Circle level for strict compliance of Quality Assurance
Procedure forming part of agreement.

Quality Control System Of The Department.

NATURAL BUILDING MATERIAL

Building materials can be generally categorized into two sources, natural and synthetic.
Natural building materials are those that are unprocessed or minimally processed by
industry, such as lumber or glass. Synthetic materials are made in industrial settings after
much human manipulations, such as plastics and petroleum based paints. Both have their
uses.
Mud, stone, and fibrous plants are the most basic building materials, aside from tents
made of flexible materials such as cloth or skins. People all over the world have used
these three materials together to create homes to suit their local weather conditions.
In general stone and/or brush are used as basic structural components in these buildings,
while mud is used to fill in the space between, acting as a type of concrete and
insulation. Following are the main building materials used In general stone and/or brush
are used as basic structural components in these buildings, while mud is used to fill in
the space between, acting as a type of concrete and insulation. Following are the main
building materials used:

• Fabric
• Mud and Clay
• Rock
• Thatch
• Brush

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 • Ice
• Wood
• Brick and Block
• Concrete
• Cement Composites
• Metal (Steel and other metals like Aluminium, Brass)

COST ESTIMATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

Cost Estimation of various building materials are done along with some rules and
specifications. Various contractors and companies used different method of cost
estimation but one thing is common in all them which is they first calculate area, volume
and some other thing according to requirements. Then they multiply the area, volume
etc.to cost of 1 unit of these and calculate total cost of project. Different Companies uses
different rates of evaluation, while CPWD uses DSR (Delhi schedule of rates) for cost
estimation

All other thing are calculated before filling the tendor like aggregate, admixture, labour
prices and other things in which contractor adjusts prices according to inflation slightly
in construction period, I f prices of these thing sudden go up very large then it may loss
the contractor and vice versa. But cement price and steel price are evaluated at market
prices always in tendor. Any prices changes whether positive and negative would affect
total budget of project and CPWD gives money according to tendor issued at latest
prices. In this way they calculate prices.
Different materials are measured as:
Concrete: m3
Aggregates: m3
Admixutes: In Litres
Excavation: m3
Shuttering: (LXB) in m2
Steel: From BBS ( Bar Bending Schedule)
Paint: m2
Labour Cost: According to wage rate set by contractor
Concrete: M25 Grade with ratio of 1:1:2
Steel: Fe 500 TMT Bars
Concrete is mixed in batching plant and brought in site through pump and by labourers

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 CPWD SPECIFICATIONS
CPWD has formed its own specifications according to various codal provisons which is
to followed in every site Out of which most important are

SITE CLEARANCE

Before the earth work is started, the area coming under cutting and filling shall be
cleared of shrubs, rank vegetation, grass, brushwood, trees and saplings of girth up to
30cm measured at a height of one metre above ground level and rubbish removed up to a
distance of 50 metres outside the periphery of the area under clearance. The roots of
trees and saplings shall be removed to a depth of 60cm below ground level or 30 cm
below formation level or 15 cm below sub grade level, whichever is lower, and the holes
or hollows filled up with the earth, rammed and leveled.

SETTING OUT AND MAKING PROFILES

A masonry pillar to serve as a bench mark will be erected at a suitable point in the area,
which is visible from the largest area. This bench mark shall be constructed as per and
connected with the standard bench mark as approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.
Necessary profiles with strings stretched on pegs, bamboos or ‘Burjis’ shall be made to
indicate the correct formation levels before the work is started. The contractor shall
supply labour and material for constructing bench mark, setting out and making profiles
and connecting bench mark with the standard bench mark at his own cost. The pegs,
bamboos or ‘Burjis’ and the bench mark shall be maintained by the contractor at his own
cost during the excavation to check the profiles.

BLASTING

Where hard rock is met with and blasting operations are considered necessary, the
contractor shall obtain the approval of the Engineer-in-Charge in writing for resorting to
blasting operation. Note: In ordinary rock blasting operations shall not be generally
adopted. However, the contractor may resort to blasting with the permission of the
Engineer-in-charge, but nothing extra shall be paid for such blasting operations.

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EXCAVATION IN ALL KINDS OF SOILS
All excavation operations manually or by mechanical means shall include excavation
and ‘getting out’ the excavated materials. In case of excavation for trenches, basements,
water tanks etc. ‘getting out’ shall include throwing the excavated materials at a distance
of at least one metre or half the depth of excavation, whichever is more, clear off
theedge of excavation. In all other cases ‘getting out’ shall include depositing the
excavated materials as specified. The subsequent disposal of the excavated material shall
be either stated as a separate item or included with the items of excavation stating lead.

MEASUREMENTS
The length and breadth of excavation or filling shall be measured with a steel tape
correct to the nearest cm. The depth of cutting or height of filling shall be measured,
correct to 5mm, by recording levels before the start of the work and after the completion
of the work.

The cubical contents shall be worked out to the nearest two places of decimal in cubic
metres. In case of open footings up to the depth of 1.5 metres, alround excavation of 30
cm. beyond the outer dimension of footing shall be measured for payment to make
allowances for centering and shuttering. Any additional excavation beyond this limit
shall be at the risk and cost of the contractor and shall not be measured for payment. In
case of open footings/Rafts at a depth of more than 1.5 metre, alround excavation of 75
cm shall be measured for payment to make allowance for centering and shuttering.
Additional excavation beyond this limit shall be at the risk and cost of the contractor and
shall not be measured for payment.

In case the ground is fairly uniform and where the site is not required to be levelled, the
Engineer-in-Charge may permit the measurements of depth of cutting or height of filling
with steel tape, correct to the nearest cm. In case of borrow pits, diagonal ridges, cross
ridges or dead-men, the position of which shall be fixed by the Engineer-in-Charge, shall
be left by the contractor to permit accurate measurements being taken with steel tape on
the completion of the work Deduction of such ridges and dead men shall be made from
the measurements unless the same are required to be removed later on and the earth so
removed is utilized in the work. In the latter case nothing extra will be paid for their
removal as subsequent operation.

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Rates:
Rates of project are calculated according to Delhi schedule of rates (DSR).The works
which are defined as above are been calculated in their respective units and
corresponding rates are calculated according to table given by DSR. Total area, volume
are calculated whatever the case may be is then multiplied by unit cost of that material
according to DSR. In this way we calculate rates of various entities. After that total cost
is calculated by summing up all cost of entities.

GREEN BUILDING
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both
a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and
resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close
cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project
stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building
design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, conserves
natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as
compared to a conventional building. IGBC is leading green building movement in the
country Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating
systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings
which was Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. Other certificates system that
confirms the sustainability of buildings is the British BREEAM (Building Research
Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) for buildings and large scale
developments. Currently, World Green Building Council is conducting research on the
effects of green buildings on the health and productivity of their users and is working
with World Bank to promote Green Buildings in Emerging Markets through EDGE
Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies Market Transformation Program and
certification.

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Indian Green Building Council (IGBC):

The Indian Green Building Council, part of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
was formed in the year 2001. The vision of the council is, "To enable a sustainable built
environment for all and facilitate India to be one of the global leaders in the sustainable
built environment by 2025".
The council offers a wide array of services which include developing new green building
rating programs, certification services and green building training programmes. The
council also organizes Green Building Congress, its annual flagship event on green
buildings.

The council is committee-based, member-driven and consensus-focused. All the

stakeholders of the construction industry including architects, developers, product
manufacturers, corporate, Government, academia and nodal agencies participate in the
council activities through local chapters. The council also closely works with several
State Governments, Central Government, World Green Building Council, bilateral
multi-lateral agencies in promoting green building concepts in the country.

BEE Certification:

The Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched the Energy Conservation
Building Code (ECBC). The code is set for energy efficiency standards for design and
construction with any building of minimum conditioned area of 1000 Sq mts and a
connected demand of power of 500 KW or 600 KVA. The energy performance index of
the code is set from 90 kW-h/sqm/year to 200 kW-h/sqm/year where any buildings that
fall under the index can be termed as "ECBC Compliant Building"

Moreover, the BEE launched a five-star rating scheme for office buildings operated only
in the day time in three climatic zones, composite, hot& dry, warm &humid on 25
February 2009. IGBC rated green buildings are also able to meet or exceed the ECBC
compliance .The Cll Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre is a BEE 5 star-rated
building. The Reserve Bank of India's buildings in Delhi, Bhubaneshwar in Orissa and in
Kerala have been star rated. In Tamil Nadu 11 buildings were star rated by BEE, in the
year 2010, including RBI buildings.

Green Houses:

In Tamil Nadu, the government is planning to build solar-powered green houses for rural
R 058 ion of 60.000 ho In Maharashtra, near Mumbai in the Thane District, Govardhan
Eco Village, a community in India, has built buildings with compressed stabilized Earth
blocks, Rammed Earth Technique, Cob Houses(ADOBE Bricks) with traditional
thatched roofs. These buildings have received a five-star rating from GRIHA, an Indian
Nationwide Green Standards for Buildings, a wing of the famous TERI.

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 CONCLUSION
I had a wonderful learning experience at CPWD Lucknow (226024) for Six Weeks.
gained a lot of insight regarding almost every aspect of various sites. | was given
exposure in almost all the departments at the site, but I had liked to highlight the
areas of building material and construction.

CPWD specifications and DSR(Delhi schedule of rates), quality management, material

management and execution. I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and
also in shaping my career.

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