40 OD;zdk;usm;\udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;

Nrd K Utk y f r if ;

jrefrmEkdifiH ajrvwft&yf NrdKUi,fwpfckokdY wpfcgu trsKd;om;

ausmif; Munfh½I&ef oGm;&\/ oabFmESifhvmcJh&m vrf;wGif &Gmwpfck
okdY acwåqkdufuyf&\/
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vufwkd? OD;xkyf? aea&mifum rsufrSef? wkwfaumufwkdYukd 0wfqif
ukid pf u GJ m jrif&\/ teD;wpf0u dk w
f iG f &Gmom; 9 a,muf 10 a,mufrQ
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pmjcif;wkdYukdvnf; jrif&\/ iSufaysmckdif? tkef;oD;wkdYukdvnf; jrif&
\/ {uEÅ tpdk;&t&m&Sdwpfa,muf jzpf&rnf? bmt&m&Sdygvdrfh/
oabFmrSm ti,fpm;ESpfxyfjzpfí 'kwd,cef; rygacs? ukef;
ywfESifh OD;cef; yxrcef;om yg\/ uREkfyfrSmvnf; tvkyfuav;
&SdonfESifh ¤if;OD;cef;wGif pD;eif;cJh\/ uREkfyfonf xkdt&m&Sdukd
aemufxyfrMunfhbJ pmMunfhae\/
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ypönf;wkdYukd ae&mcsvm\/ iSufaysmckdif tkef;oD;ckdifwkdYrSm uREkfyf
tem;wGif a&mufae\/ apmif;iJhMunfhvkduf&m MuufOjcif;ukdvnf;
xyfíawGU&\/
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'gawGvkyfaeMuwmyJ xifyg&JU/ 'gawG[m t&yfom;awGu r&SdrJh
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jrdKUtkyfrif; 41

ay;&wmawGvnf; ygcsifygrSmyJ}} [lí xkdawGU&rnfh t&m&Sdukd

pdwfxJu bmwmwm &SdoGm;\/
rsm;rMumrD a&SUawmfajy; zdeyfojH yif;jyif;ukd Mum;&NyD;aemuf
pm;yJGwpfbufwGif ukvm;xkdifwpfckukd qJGíxkdifonfukd &dyf&dyfjrif
vku d \f / pdwx f uJ bmwmwm&Sí d yif vSní hf rMunfbh J uk,d phf m uk,
d f
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&if;ESD;aom rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;jzpfaeonfukd awGU&awmh\/
xkod il ,fcsi;f um; [kad umvdyaf usmif; a&mufMupu b,fvdk
uH zefwD;onfrod&? xkdolESifh tvGefcspfcif&if;ESD;í wpfcef;wnf;
wGif tdyf&m,SOfíae&\/ oGm;twl vmtwl pm;twl aetwl
rcJMG uaom oli,fcsif;ESpaf ,mufjzpf\/ oabmcsif;vnf; rsm;aom
tm;jzifh wl\/ jrefrmpmayukd txl;ojzifh twlwlvkdufpm;Mu\/
owif;pmzwf 0goem&SdMu\/ rMumrDyif aqmif;yg;rsm; 0ifa&muf
a&;Mu\/ jyify jyifvGif tpnf;ta0;okdY a&mufonfu rsm;\/
wpfcgwpfcgvnf; 0ifa&mufpGufcJhMu\/ ausmif;wGif toif;trsKd;
rsKd; axmif&mü uREfkyfwkdYESpfa,mufvufcsuf ruif;acs/
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um; ta&;ykdifwpfa,muforD;ESifh rdbrsm;u aphpyfxm;&m xkdESpfü
bDatpmar;yJGukd atmifjrifrSom ay;pm;&ef pum;wpfck xm;&aom
[l\/ (xkdta&;ykdiforD;rSm uREkfyfwkdYaumvdyfwGif &Sdí uREkfyfwkdY
42 OD;zdk;usm;\udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;

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twGuf uREkfyfonf xkdoltay:wGif txiftjrifao;cJhavNyD/
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NrdKUtkyf jzpfoGm;NyD[laom owif;ukdvnf; Mum;cJh&\/ xkdokdY
txiftjrif ao;? pdwrf auscsrf;ojzifv h nf; ,ck awGU&onft h cgü
uREkfyfu cyfwef;wef;rsufESmxm;í aevkduf\/
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rSmvJ}}
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rif; rSmawmh t*Fvdyfbufu bDatvnf; atmifNyD;NyD? tck rif;vkyf
aewJt h vkyef YJ tJ'yD nmawGeYJ bmqdik o f vJ? rif;ynmawG rif;rESajrm
bl;vm;? igawmh ESajrmwmyJ}}
jrdKUtkyfrif; 43

NrdKUtkyu
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l pfa,mufu
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rif;&,fvdkY tbavmuf tbdk;avmufawGu 0dkif;&Sdckd;? bk&m;xl;/
[dik u
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u,l? txufu tpdk;&awG rsufESm&atmifvkyf? tcGefawG eif;uef
awmif;? vlawG'Pfwyf? axmifcs? rif;u 'grsKd;awG om,mae
wmaygh? [kwfp}} (pdwfaygufaygufESifh ajymonf)
NrdKUtkyuf ]]rif;rSm pGypf pJG &mawG 'gtukeyf v
J m;}} [k NyHK;&,fí
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usefao;ovJ? rif;u 'grsKd;awG avmuedAÁmefxifNyD; aysmfjrL;
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omom taMumif;yJ ajymMuygpdkUuG,f}}
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44 OD;zdk;usm;\udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;

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xdaeygOD;r,f? rvkyfygeJUuG,f? ighbmomig at;at; ausmif;q&m
BuD; tdrfrSmwnf;yghr,f? rif;tdrfudk owfowfvmvnfwmaygh}}
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q&mBuD;awG ausmif;aumfrwDvlBuD;awG igajym&ifNyD;w,f}}
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rsm; vma&mufBudKqdak eMu\? oabmFqu kd v f Qiyf if xdok wl Ykd wufvm
í NrdKUtkyfrif;udk olYxufigtvsif tm;wufoa&m EIwfqufMu\?
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uRefawmhftdrfrSm wnf;zdkY ajymjyD;jyD}}
jrdKUtkyfrif; 45

]][if-uReaf wmfwYkdvnf; jyifqifxm;wmyJ/ EdYk aywJh jrdKUtkyf

rif;uqd&k if bmjzpfjzpf oabm&Sad yghAsm}}
xdktcg uREfkyfawG;vdkufonfum; ]]awGUMuwJhtcg ighudk
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jrwfjrwfE;kd Ed;k cifcifrifrify/J jyD;awmh jrdKUtkyrf if; oabmtwdik ;f aygh
wJh/ 'gtawmfxl;wmyJ/ tif;-'Dtaumif wpfckckawmh vkyfxm;jyD
xifw,f/ aemufrS pHkprf;MunhfOD;r,f}}[k awG;jyD;aemuf jrdKUtkyfrif;
tdrfodkY vdkufoGm;&av\/
tdrfwGif jrdKUtkyfuawmf rwifESifh cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm EIwfcGef;
qufo pum;pjrnfajymae&\/
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ac:í jrdKUtkyftaMumif;udk pHkprf;ar;jref;&\/ ¤if;q&mMuD;um;
uREykf \
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rysufbl;/ olrsm;tusdK;vnf; odyfaqmifwmyJ/ a[m tck 'DtrsdK;
om;ausmif;[m t&ifu ysufrvdkjzpfaewkef; ola&mufvmwmeJY
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MoZm&SdjyD;om;uvm;? jrdKUay: &Gmay:u vlawG oluqdk&if vdkufMu
vkyMf u&wmayghAsm/ tqH;k rawmh 'Dausmif;[m olYukd tm;ud;k ae&wm
yJAs/
ajym&OD;r,f/ olYtaMumif; ajym&wm vufzufpm;&wm
xuf jrdefao;w,f/ ol'De,fa&mufvmrS olcdk;vlqdk; r&Sdoavmuf
ygyJ cifAsm/ oltyk pf ;kd yHu
k w,f[w k w
f mud;k / enf;usw,f/ ,Ofaus;
46 OD;zdk;usm;\udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;

odrfarGUw,f/ eufeJw,f/ tusdK;xda&mufw,f/ Oyrm 109-110

tvkyfr&Sd ausmfapmawGudk &SmazGzrf;qD;w,f/ zrf;wmu olrsm;vdk
axmifcszdkY r[kwfbl;/ olu tvkyf&Smay;zdkY jzpfw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
[dkawmifydkif;u ndKMuD;qdkwm olcdk;Adkvf "m;jyMuD;aygh/ a[m-jrdKUtkyf
rif;u olYudk ac:wJhjyD; vufzuf&nfqdkifwnfay;owJh? jrdKUtkyfrif;
udk,fwdkifu aiG 150 pdkufay;owJh/ qdkifudkvnf; oludk,fwdkif MuD;
Muyfay;wmyJ/ wdkwdkajymr,fAsm/ reufcsrf; ncsrf; jrdKUtkyfrif;
udk,fwdkifvmvmjyD; vufzuf&nfazsmfenf;awmif jyay;owJh/ vl
pnfvdkufwmq&m&,f? tem;u ukvm;qdkifawG? w½kwfqdkifawG
awmif jyKwfukefwmyJ/ ndKMuD;awmif rubl;/ qdk;awaewJh vl
oHk;av;a,mufvnf; 'Dqdkifa&mufjyD; tifrwef aoao0yf0yf jzpf
jyD; ,cktm;vH;k yJ tdref YJ &meJY csr;f omvdYk yguvm;As? tJ'gruao;bl;/
ndKMuD;wdkY uRwfyHku tck rqdk;wJhtjyif bk&m;a&;w&m;a&;eJY 0wf
toif;wpfck axmifowJh/ nwdkif; a[m[dk jrdKUv,fu "r®m½HkrSm
y&dwfoH rpJbl;As/ vlqdk;olcdk; "m;jyawG Oygoumjzpfukefwm rxl;
bl;vm; q&m&,f/ onhjf yif usew f hJ ayawaw vlawG? vlavvlviG hf
awGudkvnf; odrf;usHK;zrf;jyD; txdkuftavsmuf tvkyf&Smay;w,f?
wcsdKUvnf; pyg;pufxJa&muf? wcsdKUvnf; olY½Hk;rSmoHk;? [dk[dk'D'D
ayghAsm? ae&mcsay;vdkufwmyJ/
wcsKd Urif;awGu olwYkd tpd;k & Oya't&qdjk yD; 'Dvv kd pl m;awG
udk zrf;csKyfaxmifcs? 'gyJ wwfw,f? [dk ndKMuD;wdkYvdk vluawmh
axmifusjyD;wm ckepfcg &Spfcgxuf renf;bl;/ jzHKawmif rjzHKbl;?
ydkawmif qdk;vmao;w,f/ a[m tck jrdKUtkyfrif;enf;eJYawmh ]a[h-
ndKMuD;? rif; rqdk;&if owfypfr,f}qdkawmif taocHr,hf b0a&muf
aejyD q&m&JU/
jrdKUtkyfrif; 47

jrdKUtkyfrif; ra&mufcifu 'DjrddKUu vli,fvl&G,fawG[m

tm;vHk; Murf;ydk;csnf;yJ q&ma&U? naeudk bdkqHawmuf o? &Sd
orQuav; 0wf? vufzuf&nfqdkifxdkif? tzsif;pkajym? tzsif;pkvkyf?
aps;jyefawGukd rsufpt d &omcHjyD; yd;k ? r[m;w&m;ajym? ajymif avSmif?
ntcg toHqdk; toHjyJMuD;awGeJY &Gm½dk;avQmufjyD; oDcsif;qdk?
[m;wdu k ?f &efjzpf? qd;k cd;k wdu
k ?f tJ'geJY tcsdeu
f ek w f myJ/ wpfa,mufrS
taumif; r&Sdbl;As/
armifrif;MuD;om; jrdKUtkyfa&mufvmvdkY oHk;av;vom Mum
w,f/ pmzwftoif;wpfck zGifhay;w,f/ oludk,fwdkifu aiG 300
usyf xkwfjyD; pmtkyfpmwrf; 0,fay;w,f/ owif;pm? r*¾Zif;?
*sme,f 0,fay;w,f/ aps;em;u tcef;wpfck iSm;jyD; toif;wdkuf
yd#uwfwu kd f vkyx f m;w,f/ tck vli,fv&l , G af wG tJ'aD &mufuek jf yD?
pmzwf0goemrygwJh taumifawGvnf; jrdKUtkyfudk aMumufwmeJY
oGm;zwf&wmyJ/ tJ'D toif;wdkufrSm pum;jydKifyGJ? ta[mtajymyJG
rMumrMum vkyfay;w,f/ jrdKUxJ &GmxJu jrefrmpmaywwfol?
&mZ0ifwwfol? yd#uwfwwfol? aq;twwfwwfol...tJ'Dvdk
uRrf;usifwJh vlawGudk rMumrMum a[majymapw,f/
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vlMuD;? tJ'DvdkvlawGtwGuf tJ'Dtoif;½HkMuD;rSmyJ tcvGwf n
ausmif;wpfck zGix hf m;w,f/ jrdKUtkyrf if;ud, k w f ikd f t*Fvyd pf m wpfcsdef
,loifw,f/
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uawmfuvnf; bDatudk;As/ olwdkY ewfzufwmyJ q&m? rdef;rawG
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,yfawmifvkyf? [m-pHkvdkYygyJAsm/
48 OD;zdk;usm;\udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;

tckawmh wpfjrdKUvHk; wpfe,fvHk; ewfjynfygyJ q&m&,f/

vufOD;awmh txuftpdk;& ta&;ydkifwdkY bmwdkYu olYudk
wpfrsdK;xifjyD; rouFmvdkY pHkprf;w,f/ wpfcgu ta&;ydkifudk,fwdkif
vmjyD; bdkwJrSm olYac:ar;w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYvnf; trSwfwrJhvdkuf
oGm;jyD; bdk½Hkatmufu acsmif;em;axmifaew,f/ [m-bmajym
aumif;rvJ? ta&;ydik u f kd olu w&m;a[mvTwv f u
kd wf maygh/ tajym
uvnf; aumif;w,fq&ma&U? cifAsmh t*Fvdyftppf ta&;ydkifxuf
olu t*Fvyd pf um;ajym aumif;ao;w,f/ aemufq;kH awmh ta&;ydik f
t&nfvnfoGm;wmaygh/ tck olYenf;awG twkcdk;zdkY aumif;aMumif;
eJY onhfjyif jrdKUtkyf jrdKUcsKyfawGudkvnf; ajymw,fqdk xifyg&JUAsm/
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f m vlx;l As/ qif;&Jwv hJ ?l rsufEmS r&Sw
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EGrf;yg;wJhvlqdk&if odod rododa&mufatmif MudK;pm;oGm;w,f/
oGm;½Hkrubl;/ oludk,fwdkif rom&Sif vkyfaewmyJ/ vlydkpnfwm
ayghAs/
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q&mhudk jycsifw,f/ [dkausmif;em;u &SifjyKwpfckrSm w&m;emjyD;vdkY
a&pufcsr,fvkyfawmh jrdKUtkyfa&mufrvmao;wmeJY tvSL&Sifu
a&puf rcsbl;? qdkif;aeowJh/ tvSL&Sifa&m? bkef;MuD;awGa&m?
y&dowfawGa&m tukefapmifhaeMuowJh/ 'DawmhrS olYudk r&ru
tjrefomG ;ac:vdYk a&mufvmrS a&pufcsowJAh s/ tJ'gom Munhaf wmh/
olYqDudk trIrsdK;pHk a&mufw,fq&ma&U/ tpdk;&eJY qdkifwJh
jrdKUtkyfrif; 49

trIudk ajymwm r[kwfbl;/ ukefukefajymr,f? orD;&nf;pm; udpö

awmif olYqDa&mufw,f? bmMumao;ovJ/ [dkaps;em;u MuH
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