Power System Operation and Control

Unit 4: Automatic Generation and Control

Single Area Load Frequency Control

Omkar N. Buwa
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research,
Amrutdham, Nashik-422003
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, you will be able to:

 Retrieve Automatic Generation and Control (AGC).

 Understand Modeling of Various Parts of AGC.

 Calculate Steady State Response

 Understand Concept of Droop Control

2
 Turbine Generator Modeling
 Automatic Generation and Control
You Must Know!!!!
 Block Diagram of Load Frequency Control
 Modeling of Various Parts
 Turbine Speed Governor System
 Turbine Model
 Generator Model

 Concept of Control Area

3
Load Frequency Control Block Diagram

 Coherent Group of Generators.

 Control Area
 Generator Load System
 System representation requires transfer function of each
component
4
 Turbine Speed Governor System

 Power Command Availability.

 Changes in Steam Valve Positions
 Feedback is received from output frequency of the
machine
 Governor response decides status of active power.
5
 Turbine Model

 Consideration of Two Stage Turbine.

 Single Equivalent Time Constant is considered
 Output of turbine is input to generator load system
transfer function.
 Input is received from governor in terms of valve
position change.

6
 Generator Load Model

 Power System Model

 Input is received from turbine transfer function.
 Output results in change in frequency.
 Change in power demand is realized in the transfer
function.
 Swing Equation is used for modeling the system
 Inertia and damping factor are two factors deciding the
system performance.
7
 Complete Block Diagram

 Combination of Governor, Turbine, Power System,

Droop

8
Steady State Analysis
 Change in Load Demand

9
Droop Control Characteristics

10
Steady State Analysis
 Change in Speed Changer Setting

11
 Counsel
 Visit below link for conceptual understanding
and raising queries:
https://padlet.com/tlpomkar/psocconceptwall
in the column of Automatic Generation and
Control.

 Reference Books
 D.P.Kothari, I.J.Nagrath- Modern Power System Analysis
 Allen J. Wood, Bruce F. Wallenberg, “Power Generation,
Operation, and Control”, Wiley India Edition.

12
Thank You !!.

13