Chemistry Study Guide: Atharva

Atoms: building blocks of matter

Volume: the amount of space an object takes up

Mass: is the quantity of matter something has.

Qualitative descriptions: descriptions where no measurements are used

Quantitative descriptions: descriptions where measurements are used: e.g. mass and volume

Viscosity: rate of flow

Density: mass per volume

Chemical qualities: how a substance reacts with other substances to make a new substance e.g.
combustibility, flammability

Particle Theory

1. All matter is made up of small particles.

2. These small particles are always moving
3. Particles attract each other (if they wouldn’t then we wouldn’t have atoms)
4. Particles at a higher temperature move faster than particles of a slower temperature

Elements: the purest form of a chemical substance and cannot be broken down further. Their boiling
and melting points are always constant because it is in the purest form.

Compounds: two or more elements chemically joined together in fixed quantities to form a unique
particle. Their boiling points vary depending of what types of elements are chemically joined together.

Mixtures: when two or more different compounds or elemental substances are physically put together.
Their melting and boiling points are over a range of temperatures, rather than at fixed points because of
the properties of the substances it contains.

There are two types of mixtures:

1. Heterogeneous mixtures: a mixture that contains two or more distinct substances

2. Homogeneous Mixtures: When two or more substances are physically put together and appear
the same throughout

Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures:

1. Suspension: two or more substances that separate over time. E.g. Sand + water, oil + water
2. Colloid: When solid particles are thoroughly mixed in a liquid. (They Separate over time. E.g.
milk, paint, ink
3. Mechanical mixture: when two or more solids are physically put together (easily distinguishable)
E.g. salad