Week 1 - Unit : Matter And Measurement

Objectives
1. Describe matter in terms of the accepted scientific model
2. Explain differences between physical and chemical properties and changes
3. Describe characteristics of different states of matter (solid/liquid/gas)
4. Distinguish between the properties of mixtures (homogenous, heterogeneous) and
pure substances (elements, compounds)

(Objective 1)
What is matter → Anything that has a mass and occupies space (volume)

(Objective 2)
Physical changes Chemical Changes

- Matter changes form but not - A chemical reaction takes place and
chemical identity new products are formed

- Observations of object without - Observations of object with

changing the object changing the object

- Properties: appearance, texture, - Properties: ability to burn, inability to

colour, odour, melting point, boiling burn, corrosiveness, combustibility,
point, density, solubility, polarity pH
**In chemical reactions / changes, atoms are never created nor destroyed**

(Objective 3)
Solids Liquids and Gases:

→ The properties of a substance depends on what its particles are like (regular pattern - solid / sliding
over each other - liquid / move randomly - gas)

→ Particles are the same in solids, liquids, and gases; what changes is their arrangement and
movements

(Objective 4)
Mixture → Composed of more than one substance and can be physically separated into its other
substances (e.g. marbles in sand)
Homogenous: Have uniform properties (you can’t see all the parts mixed in)
(e.g. salt dissolved in water)
Heterogenous: Do not have uniform properties (you can see all the parts mixed in)
(e.g. sand in water)

Pure Substance → Composed of only one substance that cannot be physically separated
(e.g. sugar, water molecules, tin)
Compound: Can be chemically separated into individual elements
(e.g. Water: H2O breaks into H2 & O)
Element: The individual element

Elements can be further categorised as…

Extra: Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Atoms Tiny particles that make up matter (protons/neutrons/electrons)

Elements Identical atoms (Periodic table of elements)

Compounds Combinations of atoms of 2 or more elements

Molecules Contains the same number of atoms of each kind of element found in the
compound