MODULE 1 LESSON 1

What is Matter?
Lesson Objectives
• Define and describe the particulate nature of matter
• Characterize the different states of matter
• Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of matter
• Discriminate between the extensive and intensive properties of
matter
• Identify the ways of classifying matter
What is
matter?
Matter is anything that occupies space
Any material that constitutes the
Mass
observable universe
Mass vs Weight
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Particle Theory
Particle Theory
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Particle Theory
States of Matter
States of Matter
Solids, Liquids and Gas
Solids, Liquids and Gas
PLASMA
Bose – Einstein Condensate
States of Matter
Phase Change
Is the transition from one phase to another with addition
or removal of heat
Phase Change
Properties of Matter
Physical vs Chemical Properties

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Physical Properties
1. Color – how the object
absorbs and reflects light
 2. Texture – how the
substance looks and feels.
3. Temperature
A measure of
the average
kinetic
energy
(energy of
motion) of
particles in a
substance.
4. Mass

The amount
of matter in
an object (in
g or kg).
5. Volume

The amount
of space an
object
occupies (in
mL, L, cm3,
m3, etc.)
6. Density – the ratio of mass to
volume; reflects the degree of
packing of particles in matter.

D = m/v
Lowest density element:

Hydrogen
0.0009 g/cm3
Highest density element:

Osmium
23 g/cm3
7. Luster
The way that
a substance
reflects light
(metallic,
non-
metallic,
glassy,
pearly, dull).
8. Ductility

Ability of a
substance to
be stretched
into a wire.
9. Malleability

Ability of a
substance to
be
hammered
flat and to
retain the
new shape.
10. State (phase) of matter

What is the 4th state of

matter (rare on Earth)?
 Melting
Point/Freezing Point -

Boiling Point/
Condensation Point -

EVERY PURE SUBSTANCE HAS AN

EXACT MELTING/FREEZING POINT
AND AN EXACT
BOILING/CONDENSATION POINT!
Chemical Properties
1) Reactivity with oxygen :
rusting (iron)
tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc)
2) Reactivity with water:
3) Reactivity with acids or bases:
4) Combustibility or Flammability:
5) Chemical formula (chemical composition):
What something is made of is always a chemical
property.

Ex: rust is Fe2O3

water is H2O
diamond is C
Intensive vs. Extensive Properties of
Matter
Intensive properties are determined by the chemical
composition of the particles and their structure
(arrangement). (intensive ~ internal)
 Extensive Properties

(extensive ~ external)
Are Chemical properties
intensive or extensive?
Let’s do examples:
◦ Are also known as substances.

◦ Have a constant composition.

• Examples:
• H 2 O, O 2 (no matter how they are
prepared, they will always have this
ratio of atoms)
◦ Elements contain only one single type
of atom (found on the Periodic Table of
Elements.)
◦ Simplest form of matter that has its
own unique set of properties.
◦ Cannot be separated by physical or
chemical changes.
Monatomic Diatomic
Element Element
◦ Two or more atoms that are C H E M I C A L LY
combined.
◦ Have their own unique properties that can differ
from the elements that make up that compound.

◦ Examples include:
🞄Sodium C h loride (Table Salt)
🞄Ammonia NH3

◦ Can be separated by a chemical change .

◦ Two or more substances that are
P H Y S I C A L LY combined. (not bonded)

◦ Substances retain their own properties.

◦ Can be separated into components by

physical changes. (ex: filtering)
Particle
Diagram of
a Mixture
◦ Have no visible differences until you reach the
atomic or molecular level.

◦ Also known as solutions

◦ Can be separated back into the pure

substances

◦ Examples include:
🞄Air
🞄 Salt water
🞄Tap Water
🞄Metal Alloys (brass, sterling silver, or steel)
◦ An uneven mixture of particles
◦ Have visible differences

◦ Examples include:
🞄San d and Water
🞄Oil and Water
🞄Salt & Pepper

◦ Are easily separated

by filtration.
Lesson Objectives
• Define and describe the particulate nature of matter
• Characterize the different states of matter
• Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of matter
• Discriminate between the extensive and intensive properties of
matter
• Identify the ways of classifying matter
End of Lesson 1