Matter: Its Composition & Properties

Objectives: (Most Essential)

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to

1. give a definition of what Chemistry is.

2. recognize that matter is made up of very small particles.
3. describe and/or make a representation of the arrangement, relative spacing,
and relative motion of the particles in each of the three phases of matter.
4. distinguish between physical and chemical properties (and changes) and give
examples.
5. distinguish between extensive and intensive properties and give examples.
6. classify matter thoroughly.
7. Describe various techniques of separating mixtures.
8. Explore consumer products on their components, chemical formula of main
substance, and properties

Some questions that you should be able to answer after this

lesson:

1. With what four aspects of matter is the science of chemistry concerned?

2. What are some divisions/disciplines of Chemistry?
3. What is matter composed of?
4. What are the phases of matter?
5. What causes something to change in its phase?
6. How can you tell whether a change is physical or chemical one?
7. Think of a very easy way to tell whether a property is extensive or intensive.
8. How is matter classified?
9. How are mixtures separated?
 Some things that you should be able to do after this lesson:

1. Explain to someone what Chemistry is.

2. Prove to someone that all things are made of particles.
3. Cite examples of the following:
a) physical and chemical properties
b) physical and chemical changes
c) extensive and intensive properties
d) mixtures and pure substances
e) elements and compounds
f) molecular and ionic compounds
4. Sketch a diagram that classifies matter thoroughly.

Share your thoughts:

❑ What is your favourite Chemistry thing?

❑ Who is your favourite Chemist?

❑ What is your favourite Chemistry story?

 What is Chemistry?

Chemistry can be defined as the study of the composition, structure, and

properties of material substances and the changes associated with these
substances.

Main Divisions of Chemistry

Based on the substance studied:

1.
2.
Based on the type of study:
1.
2.
Based on some specializations
1.
2.

True or False:

All matter are composed of very, very, very, small particles.

What is the most convincing proof?

Proof: Brownian Motion

What are the phases of matter?

Relative spacing of particles:

Relative motion of particles:

Fill in the blank below.
What are properties of matter?

Properties of material substances are simply characteristics by which these

substances may be described or identified.

Example: What are the properties of water?

Physical Vs. Chemical Properties

Physical properties are characteristics that might be determined by simple

observation or measurement and involve no chemical change.

Examples: color, odor, taste, physical appearance, physical state (solid, liquid,
or gas), and solubility

Other physical properties require measurement or calculations.

Examples: mass, volume, melting point, boiling point, and density

Physical Vs. Chemical Properties

Chemical properties are characteristics that involve chemical change. These are
properties pertaining to a substances’ ability to undergo chemical reactions.

Examples: iron rusts in the presence of air and moisture; hydrogen combines
with oxygen to form water; gasoline burns readily
 Physical Vs. Chemical Change

Chemical change involves a change of substance which means that one or

more substances have been converted into something entirely different.
Chemical change involves a chemical reaction.
Physical change involves no change in substance.

Chemical Change or Physical Change?

1. Carbon and oxygen forming carbon dioxide.

2. Liquid water evaporating.
3. Moth balls “disappearing” gradually.
4. Electrolysis of water.
5. Ripening of mangoes.
6. Dissolving coffee and sugar in hot water.
7. Silver tarnishes

Extensive Vs. Intensive Properties

▪An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount and size of
matter in a sample. Examples: mass, volume, weight

▪An intensive property is a property that depends only on the type of matter in
a sample and not on the amount.
Examples: color, temperature, and solubility are examples of intensive
properties.
Extensive or Intensive Property?

1. Boiling point
2. Length
3. Density
4. Thermal conductivity
5. Diameter

Classification of Matter
Pure Substance (element or compound) or Mixture
(homogeneous or heterogeneous)?

1. Vinegar
2. Stainless Steel
3. Gold
4. Milk
5. Carbon dioxide
6. Air
7. Seawater

Common Separation Techniques of Mixtures

Simple Distillation - This is a way to separate mixtures of solids and

liquids.
Example: Separating salt and water from a salt-water solution
 Common Separation Techniques of Mixtures

Fractional Distillation - This is used to separate a mixture of liquids from

each other. It makes use of their different boiling points.
Example: Separation of water and ethyl alcohol

Paper Chromatography - This method can be used to separate a mixture

of substances.
Example: You could use it to find out how many different dyes there are in
black ink.
How does Paper Chromatography works?

The substances in the mixture separate because each has different levels of
attraction to the solvent and the stationary phase. The more soluble a
substance is in the solvent, the further it will travel up the chromatography
paper.

Assignment: Complete the table.

Summary:

❑ Definition of Chemistry
❑ Matter is made up of very small particles (Brownian Motion)
❑ Phases of matter
❑ Physical and chemical properties
❑ Physical and chemical change
❑ Extensive and intensive properties
❑ Thorough classification of matter
❑ Methods of separating mixtures

Some questions that you should be able to answer after this

lesson:

1. With what four aspects of matter is the science of chemistry concerned?

2. What are some divisions/disciplines of Chemistry?
3. What is matter composed of?
4. What are the phases of matter?
5. What causes something to change in its phase?
6. How can you tell whether a change is physical or chemical one?
7. What is an easy way to tell whether a property is extensive or intensive?
8. How is matter classified?
9. How are mixtures separated?
Some things that you should be able to do after this lesson:

1. Explain to someone what Chemistry is.

2. Prove to someone that all things are made of particles.
3. Cite examples of the following:
a) physical and chemical properties
b) physical and chemical changes
c) extensive and intensive properties
d) mixtures and pure substances
e) elements and compounds
f) molecular and ionic compounds
4. Sketch a diagram that classifies matter thoroughly.

Assignment:

1. Have a copy of the Periodic Table of Elements

2. Read on the ff:
a) Law of Conservation of Mass
b) Law of Definite Proportion
c) Law of Multiple Proportion
c) Dalton’s Atomic Theory
d) Chronological models of the atom
3. Take note of the stories and the scientists involved in the Great
Atomic Saga.