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Assessment

Chapter Test A
Chapter: Solutions
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. Agitation prevents settling in a(n)

a. alloy.
b. homogeneous mixture.
c. suspension.
d. gaseous mixture.

______ 2. All of the following are heterogeneous mixtures except

a. whole wheat bread.
b. granite.
c. tap water.
d. an oil-water mixture.

______ 3. What is the concentration of a 100. mL aqueous solution that contains

1.00 g KCl (molar mass  74.55 g/mol)?
a. 1.34 M KCl
b. 0.134 M KCl
c. 0.0134 M KCl
d. 0.001 34 M KCl

______ 4. To determine the molarity of an HCl solution, you need to know the
number of
a. grams of HCl in 1  106 g of solution.
b. moles of HCl dissolved in the total moles of solution.
c. moles of HCl in 1 L of solution.
d. moles of HCl dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.

______ 5. What type of solute-solvent combination is carbon dioxide in water?

a. gas-liquid
b. liquid-gas
c. liquid-liquid
d. cannot be determined

______ 6. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 0.202 mol KCl (molar
mass  74.55 g/mol) in 7.98 L of solution?
a. 0.0132 M KCl
b. 0.0253 M KCl
c. 0.459 M KCl
d. 1.36 M KCl

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Modern Chemistry 104 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

Use this figure to answer questions 7 and 8.

CsCl
180 NaNO3

Solubility (g per 100 g of water)

160
NaCH3COO
140 RbCl
120

100 LiCl
80 NH4Cl
60 KCl
40 NaCl
20 Li2SO4
SO2
0
10 30 50 70 90
Temperature (°C)

______ 7. A solution containing 35 g of Li2SO4 dissolved in 100 g of water is

heated from 10°C to 90°C. According to information in the figure, this
temperature change would result in
a. an additional 5 g of Li2SO4 in solution.
b. an additional 30 g of Li2SO4 in solution.
c. 5 g of Li2SO4 precipitate.
d. no change in Li2SO4 concentration.

______ 8. According to saturation curves shown in the figure, which of the

following solutions is supersaturated?
a. 40 g of NaCH3COO in 100 g of water at 40°C
b. 140 g of NaCH3COO in 100 g of water at 80°C
c. 80 g of NaCH3COO in 100 g of water at 40°C
d. 80 g of NaCH3COO in 200 g of water at 40°C

______ 9. In 100 mL of cold water, 35 g of NaCl will dissolve, but 70 g will not.
This observation implies that
a. solubility depends on temperature.
b. in order to dissolve more NaCl, you must increase the pressure.
c. solubility depends on the amounts of solute and solvent present.
d. NaCl is not easily hydrated.

______10. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 125 g NaCl (molar
mass  58.44 g/mol) in 4.00 L solution?
a. 0.535 M NaCl
b. 2.14 M NaCl
c. 8.56 M NaCl
d. 31.3 M NaCl

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Modern Chemistry 105 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______11. Which of the following is soluble in water?

a. potassium nitrate
b. silver
c. benzene
d. carbon tetrachloride

______12. In a solution at equilibrium,

a. no dissolution occurs.
b. the rate of dissolution is less than the rate of crystallization.
c. the rate of dissolution is greater than the rate of crystallization.
d. the rate of dissolution and the rate of crystallization are equal.

______13. A dissolved solute that does not form ions is

a. a nonelectrolyte.
b. a weak electrolyte.
c. a strong electrolyte.
d. insoluble.

______14. How many moles of HCl (molar mass  36.46 g/mol) are present in
0.70 L of a 0.33 M HCl solution?
a. 0.23 mol
b. 0.28 mol
c. 0.38 mol
d. 0.47 mol

______15. If the temperature stays the same, the solubility of gases in liquids
a. increases with increasing pressure.
b. cannot reach equilibrium.
c. decreases with increasing pressure.
d. does not depend on pressure.

______16. A NaOH solution contains 1.90 mol of NaOH (molar mass 

40.00 g/mol), and its concentration is 0.555 M. What is its volume?
a. 0.623 L
b. 0.911 L
c. 1.05 L
d. 3.42 L

______ 17. Which solution would be least likely to carry an electric current?
a. NaCl
b. HCl
c. C6H12O6
d. CsI

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Modern Chemistry 106 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______18. Which type of mixture contains the smallest particles?

a. emulsions
b. solutions
c. suspensions
d. colloids

______19. Which does not affect the rate at which a solid solute dissolves?
a. the vapor pressure of the solvent
b. the temperature of the solvent
c. the surface area of the solid
d. the speed at which the solution is stirred

______20. Which pair of compounds is immiscible?

a. water and alcohol
b. water and toluene
c. toluene and gasoline
d. benzene and gasoline

______21. Under which conditions is more CO2 dissolved in a carbonated

beverage?
a. in a glass at room temperature
b. in a bottle that has been left uncapped in the refrigerator
c. in a glass with ice cubes
d. in an unopened bottle in the refrigerator

______22. A solid is dissolved in some water at 25°C in a beaker. The outside of

the beaker feels cold to the touch. What does this tell you about this
solution?
a. The enthalpy of solution for the solid is negative.
b. The solution has not come to equilibrium.
c. The solution must be heated to continue the dissolving process.
d. The enthalpy of solution for the solid is positive.

______23. What is the molality of an aqueous NaOH solution made with 5.00 kg
of water and 3.6 mol NaOH (molar mass  40.00 g/mol)?
a. 3.6 m NaOH
b. 1.4 m NaOH
c. 0.72 m NaOH
d. 0.090 m NaOH

______24. How much methanol, CH3OH (molar mass  32.05 g/mol), is needed to
make a 0.90 m solution in 250 g of water?
a. 0.14 g CH3OH
b. 7.2 g CH3OH
c. 100 g CH3OH
d. 220 g CH3OH

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Modern Chemistry 107 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______25. What mass of NaCl (molar mass  58.44 g/mol) is needed to make a
1.50 m solution using 300. g of solvent?
a. 26.3 g NaCl
b. 11.7 g NaCl
c. 1.50 g NaCl
d. 0.0877 g NaCl

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Modern Chemistry 108 Chapter Test
Back Print RESOURCE PAGE
TEACHER

26. According to the kinetic-molecular 15. d 16. c

theory, the particles in a liquid can 17. c 18. a
change relative positions but still are 19. a 20. d
influenced by attractive forces. Their 21. c 22. a
ability to move about explains the flu- 23. c 24. a
idity of liquids and their ability to dif- 25. c
fuse. As some particles at the surface
of a liquid gain energy, they overcome TEST B
the attractive force and vaporize. 1. c 2. b
27. In ionic crystals, monatomic or poly- 3. c 4. b
atomic positive and negative ions are 5. b 6. b
arranged in a regular pattern. In metal- 7. a
lic crystals, metal atoms are sur- 8. Avogadro’s law
rounded by a sea of valence electrons. 9. temperature
The electrons are donated by the 10. pressure
metal atoms and belong to the crystal 11. temperature
as a whole. 12. 760 mm
28. a. 10.7 kJ b. 28.9 kJ 13. V P  VP
29. 9.83 kJ 14. effusion
30. 0.766 kJ 15. pressure
Equilibrium vapor pressure is the pres- 16. newton
sure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium 17. barometer
with its corresponding liquid at a given 18. partial pressure
temperature. 19. decrease
a. A liquid boils when its equilibrium 20. absolute zero
vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric 21. c
pressure. At high elevations, there is 22. d
lowered atmospheric pressure. This 23. i
means that the equilibrium vapor pres- 24. j
sure will equal the lowered atmos- 25. a
pheric pressure at a lower 26. e
temperature. 27. h
b. Increasing the temperature of a liq- 28. k
uid increases its average kinetic 29. b
energy. That in turn increases the 30. 5.7  102 mm Hg
number of molecules that have enough 31. 40. atm
energy to escape from the liquid phase 32. 150.°C
into the vapor phase. This increased 33. 459 mm Hg
evaporation rate increases the concen- 34. 236 L
tration of molecules in the vapor 35. 16 g/mol
phase, which increases the equilibrium 36. 2.05 g/L
vapor pressure. 37. 0.77 L
38. 22.3 g
39. 2.051
11 Gases, pp. 93–103

TEST A 12 Solutions, pp. 104–113

1. b 2. c
3. b 4. d TEST A
5. d 6. a 1. c 2. c
7. a 8. a 3. b 4. c
9. a 10. b 5. a 6. b
11. b 12. b 7. c 8. c
13. d 14. a 9. c 10. a

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Modern Chemistry 228 Answer Key
Back Print RESOURCE PAGE
TEACHER

11. a 12. d 28. Ethanol must be polar, since it dis-

13. a 14. a solves in water, which is a polar sub-
15. a 16. d stance. Carbon tetrachloride must be
17. c 18. b nonpolar, since it does not dissolve in
19. a 20. b water.
21. d 22. d 29. 10.0 g/100 g H2O
23. c 24. b 30. 6.07 kg H2O
25. a 31. 12.0 g
32. 0.122 g MgCl2
TEST B 33. 24.4 g I2
1. b 2. c 34. 0.0846 M
3. a 4. a 35. 1.67 L NaCl
5. b 6. d 36. 0.799 m C12H22O11
7. d 8. c
9. decreases
10. solute 13 Ions in Aqueous
11. colloid Solutions and
12. equilibrium
13. nonpolar Colligative
14. ions Properties, pp. 114–124
15. supersaturated solution
16. particle size TEST A
17. solution 1. b 2. d
18. exothermic 3. c 4. a
19. hydration 5. c 6. b
20. immiscible 7. d 8. d
21. solvated 9. a 10. d
22. hydrate 11. c 12. a
23. increase 13. c 14. b
24. alloy 15. a 16. a
25. “Like dissolves like” means that you 17. b 18. b
can make a general prediction that 19. c 20. d
polar solvents will dissolve polar 21. a 22. d
solutes, and nonpolar solvents will 23. d 24. d
dissolve nonpolar solutes. 25. d
26. Both terms are ways of expressing the
concentration of a solution. Molarity is TEST B
the number of moles of solute per liter 1. a 2. d
of solution. Molality is the number of 3. c 4. c
moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. 5. b 6. b
27. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. 7. d 8. a
Suspensions and colloids are heteroge- 9. precipitation
neous mixtures. Solutions have the 10. semi-permeable membrane
smallest particle size, followed by the 11. electrolyte
size of colloid particles and suspen- 12. spectator ion
sion particles. Solutions and colloids 13. three
do not settle out on standing, but sus- 14. osmotic pressure
pensions do. Solutions and colloids 15. H3O
cannot be separated by filtration, but 16. Ca(NO3)2
suspensions can be. Solutions do not 17. greater
scatter light. Colloids scatter light. 18. lower
Suspensions may scatter light, but 19. 2K(aq)  S 2(aq)
they are not transparent. 20. Dissociation is the separation of ions
that occurs when an ionic compound
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Modern Chemistry 229 Answer Key