Solutions Practice – Solubility Curves and Concentration
1. Which of the salts shown on the graph is the least soluble in water at 10oC?
2. Which of the salts shown on the graph has the greatest increase in solubility as the
temperature increases from 30 degrees to 60 degrees?
3. Which of the salts has its solubility affected the
least by a change in temperature? Solubility Curves of Pure Substances
o
4. At 20 C, a saturated solution of sodium nitrate
150
contains 88 grams of solute in 100 ml of water.
How many grams of sodium nitrate must be 140
added to saturate the solution at 50oC?
KI
5. At what temperature do saturated solutions of 130
potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate contain 120
the same weight of solute per 100 mL of
water? 110
6. What two salts have the same degree of NaNO3
solubility at approximately 19oC? 100
7. How many grams of potassium chlorate must 90
be added to 1 liter of water to produce a
grams solute per 100 grams H2O
KNO3
saturated solution at 50oC? 80
8. A saturated solution of potassium nitrate is
70
prepared at 60oC using 100.mL of water. How
many grams of solute will precipitate out of 60
NH3 NH4Cl
solution if the temperature is suddenly cooled
to 30oC? 50
KCl
9. What is the average rate of increase for the 40
NaCl
solubility of KNO3 in grams per 100 mL per
degree Celsius in the temperature range of 30
o o
60 C to 70 C?
10. If 50. mL of water that is saturated with KClO3
20
KClO3
at 25oC is slowly evaporated to dryness, how 10
many grams of the dry salt would be Ce2(SO4)3
recovered? 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
11. Thirty grams of KCl are dissolved in 100 mL of Temperature/Celsuis
water at 45oC. How many additional grams of
KCl are needed to make the solution saturated at 80oC?
12. What is the smallest volume of water, in mL, required to completely dissolve 39 grams of KNO 3
at 10oC?
13. What is the lowest temperature at which 30. grams of KCl can be dissolved in 100 mL of
water?
14. Are the following solutions saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated?
a. 40. g of KCl in 100 mL of water at 80oC
b. 120. g of KNO3 in 100 mL of water at 60oC
c. 80. g of NaNO3 in 100 mL of water at 10oC
15. Assume that a solubility curve for a gas such as ammonia, at one atmosphere of pressure, was
plotted on the solubility curve graph. Reading from left to right, would this curve would _____
a. slope upward b. slope downward c. go straight across
Answers:
1. KClO3, 6. KNO3 and KCl, 11. 20 g,
2. KNO3, 7. ~210 g, 12. 170 mL,
3. NaCl 8. ~ 55 g, 13. 10oC,
4. ~25 g, 9. ~2.7 g/oC, 14. (a) unsat.,(b) supersat.,(c) sat.
5. ~ 72 oC, 10. 5 g, 15. b
1. Identify the solute and the solvent in the following solutions:
Solute Solvent
a Salt water
b Water vapor in air
c A brass alloy
containing 75% Cu
and 25% Zn
2. How does temperature affect the solubility of most solids? Most liquids? Gases? Explain.
3. How does increasing pressure affect the solubility of solids? Gases?
4. A 0.750 L aqueous solution contains 90.0 g of ethanol, C2H5OH. Calculate the molar
concentration of this solution.
5. What mass of NaCl is dissolved in 152 mL of a solution if the concentration of the solution
is 0.364 M?
6. What mass of dextrose, C6H12O6, is dissolved in 325 mL of a 0.258 M solution?
7. If 98.0 g of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is dissolved in water to prepare a 0.500 M solution, what is
the volume of the solution?
8. An experiment requires 2.00 L of a 0.200 M hydrochloric acid solution. What volume of
concentrated hydrochloric acid (11.9 M) is needed?
9. A chemist adds water to 120 mL of a 6.0 M solution of NaOH until the final volume is 2.0 L.
What is the molarity of the resulting solution?
Answers:
1. a. salt H2 O
b. H2O air
c. Zn Cu
2. solids and liquids: solubility increases with temperature; gases: solubility decreases with temp.
3. solids: pressure has no effect on solubility; gases: solubility increases with increasing pressure
(Henry’s Law)
4. 2.61 M
5. 3.21 g
6. 15.1 g
7. 2.00 L
8. 34.0 mL
9. 0.36 M
