TASK REPORT

1
2.4 GHz MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY
FOR Wi-Fi APPLICATIONS

TASK REPORT

SUBMITTED BY
DARSHAN G (171EC137)

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
SATHYAMANGALAM-638401

JUNE 2020
1. INTRODUCTION

An antenna is a transitional structure between space and a guiding

transmission lines. Recent printed circuit fabrication techniques have achieved it
possible to construct low profile antennas that are extremely useful. Such antennas
are referred to as microstrip or printed circuit antennas. Printed circuit techniques
can be utilised to design the antennas on low frequency substrates to produce low
cost and reconfigurable antennas in a low profile. The antennas are generally used
in wireless application due to their higher performance, less cost, small weight,
reduced size, appropriate shape, and easy to construct. The designing of patch
antennas by simulation software has turn out to be most popular in these years.
This may be due to their useful dealings with much parameter, which extremely
plays an important role in designing high performance antenna. This paper
highlights the designing of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna which depends
on the three fundamental parameters, that is, the frequency of operation, substrate
thickness, and the substrate dielectric constant. The plan for this work is to design
and fabricate improved gain rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The return loss
is assumed as power loss during radiation and is reflected power, and can be
calculated from the difference in dB between the feeding and reflected power. The
ADS Software tool is used for antenna design and simulation. The methods of
feeding the RF power directly to the patch antenna is to make it radiate by using a
microstrip line feed.
 2. PARAMETERS TO DESIGN A PATCH ANTENNA
The three essential parameters for the design of a rectangular microstrip
patch antenna are :
1.Frequency of operation (fr): The resonant frequency of the antenna must
be selected appropriately. The resonant frequency selected
for design is at Wi-Fi that is at 2.45 GHz.
2.Dielectric constant of the substrate (εr): The dielectric material selected for
the design is FR-4 epoxy which has a dielectric constant
of 4.4. A substrate with a high dielectric constant reduces the dimensions of the
antenna.
3.Height of dielectric substrate (h): For the microstrip patch antenna it is
essential that the antenna is not bulky.
3. FORMULATIONS
Theoretical analysis and calculation of Microstrip patch is calculated with
following equations:
4. STEPS AND OUTPUT

Step 1: open matlab, then click on app icon and choose antenna array designer.
For one whose is using going to design antenna using matlab software it should
consist of antenna toolbox.

Step 2: click on new in antenna array designer window, then in pattern section
chose microstrip patch. Choose the size of the strip and frequency (2.4GHz) for
wifi application and click on accept.
A window appears with array and layout of the strip.

Array :
Layout 3D:

Step3:click on 3d pattern in pattern section

Step4:
Click on azimuth and elevation in pattern section
Azimuth pattern:

Elevation angle:
Step5: in azimuth pattern plot right click and Right click on the polar plot.
Select Antenna Metrics from the Measurements tab of the context menu.in that
you can view half power beam width value(HPBW) and sidelobe level(SLL)

Step 6:
In coupling section you can view the impedance of each elements ,correlation
coefficient and s parameters.

Impedance of element 1:
Impedance of element 2:

Impedance of element 3:

10
Impedance of element 4:

Correlation coefficient (element 1,element 4):

11
S parameters:

Step7:in pattern section click on embedded element so that we can see each
element radiation pattern,azimuth and elevation angle.
Radiation pattern of element 1:
Azimuth angle of element1:

Elevation angle of element 1:

Step8: Click the Export button arrow and then click Export to workspace. In the
Export to workspace window, give a name to the array that you've designed. Click
on the variable in the workspace to view the properties of the antenna array
Step9: Click the Export button arrow again and then click Export to script to view
the linear array and analysis in MATLAB script format. The script has two
sections: Array Properties and Array Analysis.
5. ALGORITHM/CODING
MAIN PROGRAM FILE :
% Create a rectangularArray with patchMicrostrip element.
% Generated by MATLAB(R) 9.8 and Antenna Toolbox 4.2.
% Generated on: 30-Jun-2020 12:45:07

%% Array Properties
%Define Array
arrayObject = rectangularArray;

arrayObject.Size = [2 2];

%Define Array Elements

Element1 = patchMicrostrip;
arrayObject.Element = [Element1 ];

% Design array at frequency 2400000000Hz

arrayObject = design(arrayObject,2400000000,Element1);

% Update substrate properties

arrayObject.Element(1).Substrate.Name = 'Air';
arrayObject.Element(1).Substrate.EpsilonR = 1;
arrayObject.Element(1).Substrate.LossTangent = 0;
arrayObject.Element(1).Substrate.Thickness = 0.00124913524166667;

%% Array Analysis
% Show for rectangularArray
figure;
show(arrayObject)
% Layout for rectangularArray
figure;
layout(arrayObject)
% Pattern for rectangularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,'Termination',Termination);
% Impedance for rectangularArray
freqRange = 2300000000:24000000:2492000000;
figure;
impedance(arrayObject, freqRange)
% Azimuth for rectangularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; azRange = 0:5:360; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,azRange,0,'Termination',Termination);
% Elevation for rectangularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; elRange = 0:5:360; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,0,elRange,'Termination',Termination);
% Correlation for rectangularArray
freqRange = 2300000000:24000000:2492000000; RefImpedance =
50;elementNumbers = [1 4];
figure;
correlation(arrayObject, freqRange ,elementNumbers(1) ,
elementNumbers(2),RefImpedance )
% Sparameters for rectangularArray
freqRange = 2300000000:24000000:2492000000; RefImpedance = 50;
figure;
rfplot(sparameters(arrayObject, freqRange,RefImpedance));
% Element Pattern for rectangularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element AZ for rectangularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;azRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,azRange,0,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termina
tion)
% Element EL for rectangularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;elRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,0,elRange,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termina
tion)
 6. CONCLUSION

Rectangular microstrip patch antenna fed by microstrip line is expected and

it is developed. The results are simulated using ADS software and tested in the
laboratory using Network analyzer. The designed microstrip rectangular patch
antenna efficiently propagates at 2.4 GHz frequency and gives the return loss of -
42.29 dB with an impedance matching at 50 GHz, feed point location is 45 ohms,
directivity as 5.73 dB, VSWR is 1.012 and with a gain of 5.55 dB. Antenna
Radiation Efficiency comes out to be 96.85% at 2.4 GHz. The measured and
simulation results are found to be satisfactory and antenna may be suitable at ISM
frequency band applications like Bluetooth, WLAN etc.