Question 1: Explain the working of a reciprocating pump with help of neat sketch of its

installation.
Reciprocating Pump: Reciprocating pumps are those which cause the fluid to move using one
or more oscillating pistons, plungers or membranes (diaphragms).The simplest practical
application of this principle is seen in the hand-operated reciprocating pump, a simplified
version of which is illustrated in Figure.
Here the inlet and outlet ports in the cylinder, or pump body, are both in the same side
of the piston. The piston makes a close sliding fit within the cylinder, reducing leakage to a
minimum, since excessive leakage destroys the efficiency of a pump. Both the inlet and outlet
ports are equipped with check valves which permit the liquid to flow in one direction only, as
shown by the arrows.
Question 2: Derive the expression for the acceleration head in a reciprocating pump with a
neat sketch. Show the variation in suction and delivery acceleration and friction heads along
the stroke length on indicator diagram.

Question 3: A single acting reciprocating pump running at 50 rpm, delivers 0.01m3/s of

water. The diameter of the piston in 200 mm and stroke length is 400 mm.
Determine:
(a) The theoretical discharge of the pump.
(b) Coefficient of discharge.
(c) Slip and the percentage slip of the pump.
Question 4: What are the factors to be considered in deciding for a particular hydroelectric
project?
Question 5: Explain the various factors which decide the choice for a particular hydraulic
turbine for a hydraulic power project.
1. Water Availability—The estimates of the average quantity of water available should be
prepared on the basis of actual measurement. The curves or graphs can be plotted between the
river flow and time. These are known as hydrographs and flow duration curves when the river
flow data is calculated on daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis.
2. Water-storage-The output of hydropower plant is not uniform due to wide variations of
rainfall. To have uniform power output water storage is needed so that excess flow at certain
times may be stored to make it available at the times of low flow.
3. Head of water—The level of water in the reservoir for a proposed plant should always be
within limits throughout the year.
4. Distance from load centre-To be economical on transmission of electric power, the routes
and distances should be carefully considered because cost depends upon the route selected for
the transmission line.
5. Access to site—It is always desirable factor to have a good access to the site of the plant.
The transport facilities must taken into the considerations
6. Ground water data-The underground movement of water has important effects on the
stability of ground slopes and also on the amount and type of grounding required to prevent
the leakage.

Question 6: A double jet Pelton wheel has a specified speed of 16 and is required to deliver
1000 kW The supply of water to the turbine is through a pipeline from a reservoir whose
level is 350 m above the nozzles Allowing 5% for friction loss in pipe make calculations for
speed in rev/mm, diameter of jets and mean diameter of bucket circle. Take velocity co-
efficient = 0.98, speed ratio = 0.46 and overall efficiency = 85%.

Explain the function of draft tube in the case of reaction turbines

Define slip of the reciprocating pump. When the negative slip does occurs?
Differentiate between single acting and double acting reciprocating pump.
A single acting pump running at 30 rpm delivers 6.5 l/s of water. The bore and stroke are 20
cm and 30 cm respectively. Determine the percentage slip and coefficient of discharge.
Define “slip” in reciprocating pump. Can it be negative?
What is the cause of negative slip ?