Learning Passive Voice

In active voice – the doer of the action is the Subject of the Verb.

I. Statements (Positive Sentence)

Active Voice – Verb Forms
1) Verb1 (No Auxiliaries)
2) Verb2 (No Auxiliaries)
3) Verb3 (along with has / have / had / will have)
4) Verb 4 (along with is / are / am / was / were)
5) Infinitive (to + infinitive / is/am/are/was/were/has/have + to + verb)
6) Participle / Gerund (Verb + ing)
7) Modals + infinitive (shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must + infinitive)

Example Sentences
1. Verb1: He writes a letter.
2. Verb2: He wrote a letter.
3. Verb3: He has written a letter. He had written a letter. He will have written a letter.
4. Verb4: He is writing a letter. He was writing a letter.
5. Infinitive: He is to write a letter. He has to write a letter. He was to write a letter.
6. Participle / Gerund: I remember his brother writing a letter.
7. Modals + Infinitive: He will write a letter. He should write a letter.

In Passive Voice – The receiver of the action is the Subject of the Verb.

I. Statements (Positive Sentence)

Passive Voice – Verb Forms
Active Voice Verbs Be Forms Passive Verb

1. Verb1 1. is/are/am
2. Verb2 2. was / were
3. Verb3 3. been
4. Verb4 4. being Verb3
5. Infinitive 5. be
6. Participle/Gerund 6. being
7. Modals + Infinitive 7. be

Example Sentences
1. Verb1: A letter is written by him.
2. Verb2: A letter was written by him.
3. Verb3: A letter has been written by him. A letter had been written by him. A letter will have been
written by him.
4. Verb4: A letter is being written by him. A letter was being written by him.
 5. Infinitive: A letter is to be written by him. A letter has to be written by him. A letter was to be
written by him
6. Participle / Gerund: I remember a letter being written by his brother.
7. Modals + Infinitive: A letter will be written by him. A letter should be written by him.

I. Statements (Negative Sentence)

Active Voice – Verb Forms
1) do/does + not (don’t/doesn’t) + Verb1
2) did + not (didn’t) + Verb1
3) has/have + not /will not have (hasn’t/haven’t/won’t have) + Verb3
4) is/are/am + not (isn’t/aren’t/am not) + Verb 4
5) not + to + Infinitive (is/am/are/was/were/has/have + not + to + verb)
6) not + Participle/Gerund
7) Modals + not + infinitive (shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must + not +
infinitive)

Example Sentences:
1. Verb1: He does not write a letter.
2. Verb2: He did not write a letter.
3. Verb3: He has not written a letter. He had not written a letter. He will have not written a letter.
4. Verb4: He is not writing a letter. He was not writing a letter.
5. Infinitive: He is not to write a letter. He has not to write a letter. He was not to write a letter.
6. Participle / Gerund: I remember his brother not writing a letter.
7. Modals + Infinitive: He will not write a letter. He should not write a letter.

I. Statements (Negative Sentence)

Passive Voice – Verb Forms
Active Voice Verbs Be Forms Passive Verb

1. Do/does + not + V1 1. is/are/am + not

2. Did + not + V1 2. was / were
3. has/have + not/will not have + V3 3. not been Verb3
4. is/are/am/was/were + not + V4 4. not being
5. not + to + infinitive 5. not to be
6. not + Participle/Gerund 6. not being
7. Modals + not + infinitive 7. not be

Example Sentences
1. Verb1: A letter is not written by him.
2. Verb2: A letter was not written by him.
3. Verb3: A letter has not been written by him. A letter had not been written by him. A letter will
have not been written by him.
4. Verb4: A letter is not being written by him. A letter was not being written by him.
5. Infinitive: A letter is not to be written by him. A letter has not to be written by him. A letter was not
to be written by him
6. Participle / Gerund: I remember a letter not being written by his brother.
 7. Modals + Infinitive: A letter will not be written by him. A letter should not be written by him.

Active to Passive Structures

Statements:
1. Subject + V1 + Object Obj + is/are/am + Verb3 + by + Sub
2. Sub + is/are/am + V4 + Obj Obj + is/are/am + being + Verb3 + by + Sub
3. Sub + has/have + V3 + Obj Obj + has/have + been + V3 + by + Sub
4. Sub + V2 + Obj Obj + was/were + V3 + by + Sub
5. Sub + was/were + V4 + Obj Obj + was/were + being + Verb3 + by + Sub
6. Sub + had + V3 + Obj Obj + had + been + V3 + by + Sub
7. Sub + will/shall + V1 + Obj Obj + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Sub
8. Sub + will/shall + have + V3 + Obj Obj + will/shall + have + been + V3 + by + Sub

Example Questions:

1. He writes a letter. A letter is written by him.

2. He is writing a letter. A letter is being written by him.
3. He has written a letter. A letter has been written by him.
4. He wrote a letter. A letter was written by him.
5. He was writing a letter. A letter was being written by him.
6. He had written a letter. A letter had been written by him.
7. He will write a letter. A letter will be written by him.
8. He will have written a letter. A letter will have been written by him.

Negative Statements:
1. Sub + do/does + not + V1 + Obj Obj + is/are/am + not + Verb3 + by + Sub
2. Sub + is/are/am + not + V4 + Obj Obj + is/are/am + not + being + Verb3 + by + Sub
3. Sub + has/have + not + V3 + Obj Obj + has/have + not + been + V3 + by + Sub
4. Sub + did not + V1 + Obj Obj + was/were + not + V3 + by + Sub
5. Sub + was/were + not + V4 + Obj Obj + was/were + not + being + Verb3 + by + Sub
6. Sub + had + not + V3 + Obj Obj + had + not + been + V3 + by + Sub
7. Sub + will/shall + not + V1 + Obj Obj + will/shall + not + be + V3 + by + Sub
8. Sub + will/shall + not + have + V3 + Obj Obj + will/shall + not + have + been + V3 + by + Sub

Example Questions:

1. He does not write a letter. A letter is not written by him.

2. He is not writing a letter. A letter is not being written by him.
3. He has not written a letter. A letter has not been written by him.
4. He did not write a letter. A letter was not written by him.
5. He was not writing a letter. A letter was not being written by him.
6. He had not written a letter. A letter had not been written by him.
7. He will not write a letter. A letter will not be written by him.
8. He will not have written a letter. A letter will not have been written by him.

Contracted Negative Statements:

1. Sub + don’t/doesn’t + V1 + Obj Obj + isn’t/aren’t + Verb3 + by + Sub
2. Sub + isn’t/aren’t + V4 + Obj Obj + isn’t/aren’t + being + Verb3 + by + Sub
3. Sub + hasn’t/haven’t + V3 + Obj Obj + hasn’t/haven’t + been + V3 + by + Sub
4. Sub + didn’t + V1 + Obj Obj + wasn’t/weren’t + V3 + by + Sub
5. Sub + wasn’t/weren’t + V4 + Obj Obj + wasn’t/weren’t + being + Verb3 + by + Sub
6. Sub + hadn’t + V3 + Obj Obj + hadn’t + been + V3 + by + Sub
7. Sub + won’t/shan’t + V1 + Obj Obj + won’t/shan’t + be + V3 + by + Sub
 8. Sub + won’t/shan’t + have + V3 + Obj Obj + won’t/shan’t + have + been + V3 + by + Sub

Example Questions:

1. He doesn’t write a letter. A letter isn’t written by him.

2. He isn’t writing a letter. A letter isn’t being written by him.
3. He hasn’t written a letter. A letter hasn’t been written by him.
4. He didn’t write a letter. A letter wasn’t written by him.
5. He wasn’t writing a letter. A letter wasn’t being written by him.
6. He hadn’t written a letter. A letter hadn’t been written by him.
7. He won’t write a letter. A letter won’t be written by him.
8. He won’t have written a letter. A letter won’t have been written by him.

Yes Or No Questions (Positive):

1. Do/Does + Sub + V1 + Object? Is/Are/Am + Obj + Verb3 + by + Sub?
2. Is/Are/Am + Sub + V4 + Obj? Is/Are/Am + Obj + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
3. Has/Have + Sub + V3 + Obj? Has/Have + Obj + been + V3 + by + Sub?
4. Did + Sub + V1 + Obj? Was/Were + Obj + V3 + by + Sub?
5. Was/Were + Sub + V4 + Obj? Was/Were + Obj + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
6. Had + Sub + V3 + Obj? Had + Obj + been + V3 + by + Sub?
7. Will/Shall + Sub + V1 + Obj? Will/Shall + Obj + be + V3 + by + Sub?
8. Will/Shall + Sub + have + V3 + Obj? Will/Shall + Obj + have + been + V3 + by + Sub?

Example Questions:

1. Does he write a letter? Is a letter written by him?

2. Is he writing a letter? Is a letter being written by him?
3. Has he written a letter? Has a letter been written by him?
4. Did he write a letter? Was a letter written by him?
5. Was he writing a letter? Was a letter being written by him?
6. Had he written a letter? Has a letter been written by him?
7. Will he write a letter? Will a letter be written by him?
8. Will he have written a letter? Will a letter have been written by him?

Yes Or No Questions (Negative):

1. Do/Does + Sub + not + V1 + Object? Is/Are/Am + Obj + not + Verb3 + by + Sub?
2. Is/Are/Am + Sub + not + V4 + Obj? Is/Are/Am + Obj + not + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
3. Has/Have + Sub + not + V3 + Obj ? Has/Have + Obj + not + been + V3 + by + Sub?
4. Did + Sub + not + V1 + Obj? Was/Were + Obj + not + V3 + by + Sub?
5. Was/Were + Sub + not + V4 + Obj? Was/Were + Obj + not + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
6. Had + Sub + not + V3 + Obj? Had + Obj + not + been + V3 + by + Sub?
7. Will/Shall + Sub + not + V1 + Obj? Will/Shall + Obj + not + be + V3 + by + Sub?
8. Will/Shall + Sub + have + not + V3 + Obj? Will/Shall + Obj + not + have + been + V3 + by + Sub?

Example Questions:

1. Does he not write a letter? Is a letter not written by him?

2. Is he not writing a letter? Is a letter not being written by him?
3. Has he not written a letter? Has a letter not been written by him?
4. Did he not write a letter? Was a letter not written by him?
5. Was he not writing a letter? Was a letter not being written by him?
6. Had he not written a letter? Has a letter not been written by him?
7. Will he not write a letter? Will a letter not be written by him?
8. Will he not have written a letter? Will a letter not have been written by him?
Yes Or No Questions (Contracted Negative):
1. Don’t/Doesn’t + Sub + V1 + Object?
2. Isn’t/Aren’t + Sub + V4 + Obj?
3. Hasn’t/Haven’t + Sub + V3 + Obj
4. Didn’t + Sub + V1 + Obj?
5. Wasn’t/Weren’t + Sub + V4 + Obj?
6. Hadn’t + Sub + V3 + Obj?
7. Won’t/Shan’t + Sub + V1 + Obj?
8. Won’t/Shan’t + Sub + have + V3 + Obj?
Isn’t/Aren’t + Obj + Verb3 + by + Sub?
Isn’t/Aren’t + Obj + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
? Hasn’t/Haven’t + Obj + been + V3 + by + Sub?
Wasn’t/Weren’t + Obj + V3 + by + Sub?
Wasn’t/Weren’t + Obj + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
Hadn’t + Obj + been + V3 + by + Sub?
Won’t/Shan’t + Obj + be + V3 + by + Sub?
Won’t/Shan’t + Obj + have + been + V3 + by + Sub?

Example Questions:

1. Doesn’t he write a letter? Isn’t a letter written by him?

2. Isn’t he writing a letter? Isn’t a letter being written by him?
3. Hasn’t he written a letter? Hasn’t a letter been written by him?
4. Didn’t he write a letter? Wasn’t a letter written by him?
5. Wasn’t he writing a letter? Wasn’t a letter being written by him?
6. Hadn’t he written a letter? Hasn’t a letter been written by him?
7. Won’t he write a letter? Won’t a letter be written by him?
8. Won’t he have written a letter? Won’t a letter have been written by him?

Question Word Questions To Get Subject As Answer (Positive):

1. QW + V1 + Object? By QW + is/are/am + Obj + Verb3?
2. QW + is/are/am + V4 + Obj? By QW + is/are/am + Obj + being + Verb3?
3. QW + has/have + V3 + Obj? By QW + has/have + Obj + been + V3?
4. QW + V2 + Obj? By QW + was/were + Obj + V3?
5. QW + was/were + V4 + Obj? By QW + was/were + Obj + being + Verb3?
6. QW + had + V3 + Obj? By QW + had + Obj + been + V3?
7. QW + will/shall + V1 + Obj? By QW + will/shall + Obj + be + V3?
8. QW + will/shall + have + V3 + Obj? By QW + will/shall + Obj + have + been + V3?

Example Questions: Set 1

1. Who writes a letter? By whom is a letter written?
2. Who is writing a letter? By whom is a letter being written?
3. Who has written a letter? By whom has a letter been written?
4. Who wrote a letter? By whom was a letter written?
5. Who was writing a letter? By whom was a letter being written?
6. Who had written a letter? By whom had a letter been written?
7. Who will write a letter? By whom will a letter be written?
8. Who will have written a letter? By whom will a letter have been written?

Example Questions: Set 2

1. What damages my house? By what is my house damaged?
2. What is damaging my house? By what is my house being damaged?
3. What has damaged my house? By what has my house been damaged?
4. What damaged my house? By what was my house damaged?
5. What was damaging my house? By what was my house being damaged?
6. What had damaged my house? By what had my house been damaged?
7. What will damage my house? By what will my house be damaged?
8. What will have damaged my house? By what will my house have been damaged?

Question Word Questions To Get Object As Answer (Positive):

 1. QW + do/does + Sub + V1? QW + is/are/am + Verb3 + by + Sub?
2. QW + is/are/am + Sub + + V4? QW + is/are/am + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
3. QW + has/have + Sub + V3? ? QW + has/have + been + V3 + by + Sub?
4. QW + did + Sub + V1? QW + was/were + V3 + by + Sub?
5. QW + was/were + Sub + V4? QW + was/were + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?
6. QW + had + Sub + V3? QW + had + been + V3 + by + Sub?
7. QW + will/shall + Sub + V1? QW + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Sub?
8. QW + will/shall + Sub + have + V3? QW + will/shall + have + been + V3 + by + Sub?

Example Questions:

1. What does he write? What is written by him?

2. What is he writing? What is being written by him?
3. What has he written? What has been written by him?
4. What did he write? What was written by him?
5. What was he writing? What was being written by him?
6. What had he written? What had been written by him?
7. What will he write? What will be written by him?
8. What will he have written? What will have been written by him?
Active to Passive
Examples
Why do you learn music at School? (Active)
Why is music learnt (by you) at School? (Passive)
Who will bell the Cat? (Active)
By whom will the cat be belled? (Passive)
How far does the Driver take me in his Car? (Active)
How far am I taken in his Car by the Driver? (Passive)
How does she draw this Picture? (Active)
How is this drawing drawn by her? (Passive)
What can you do in your free time? (Active)
What can be done in your free time? (Passive)
Which show would you see in this Multiplex theater? (Active)
Which show would be seen in the Multiplex theater by
you? (Passive)
When did you receive your guest? (Active)
When were your guest received by you? (Passive)

Passive to Active
Examples
Cats are being troubled by stray dog. (Passive)
Stray dogs are troubling cats. (Active)
The motor bike had been repaired (The mechanic). (Passive)
The mechanic had repaired the motor bike. (Active)
The homework had been completed by Adarsh. (Passive)
 Adarsh had completed the homework. (Active)
Not a single word was spoken by him. (Passive)
He did not speak a single word. (Active)
It is said that figs are better than mangoes. (Passive)
They say that figs are better than mangoes. (Active)
I let myself be heard. (Passive)
(Please) Hear me. (Active)
He let himself be cheated. (Passive)
He cheated himself. (Active)

Change of Voice-Introgative, Negative, Imperative and Infinitive

Sentences.

INTROGATIVE SENTENCES

Active Voice Passive Voice

Where did she find a book? Where was the book found (by her)?

Who collects the stamps? By whom the stamps are collected?

Why do you read this book? Why this book is read by you?

Which library do you visit? Which library is visited by you?

How does she prepare the notes? How are the notes prepared by her?

When does she buy books? When are the books bought by her?
What was bought by you in Super-
What did you buy in Super-Mall?
Mall?

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Active Voice Passive Voice

Meena does not like coffee. Coffee is not liked by Meena.

No one liked the play. The play was not liked (by all).

He does not like late coming. Late coming is not liked by him.

Rekha does not like to see movies. Movies is not seen by Rekha.
The discount is not given by the
The seller do not give discount.
seller.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Active Voice Passive Voice

Allow him to go. Let him go.

 (You) sit down. Let him be sited.

Let them come in. They be let to come in.

Don’t smoke. You are requested not to smoke here.

You are requested to allow him to
Please let him write.
write.
Don’t allow any one inside. No one / nobody be allowed inside.

INFINITIVE SENTENCES

Active Voice Passive Voice

I am going to write a book. A book will be written by me.

He has to write a report. A report has to be written by him.

I want them to help you. I want you to be helped (by them).

Cold drink is too cold to drink.
I want Krupa to solve this puzzle.
I would prefer him to teach my son.
The Government expects us to pay
Taxes.
You will have to submit your project Your project will have to be submitted
tomorrow.
Cold drink is too cold to be drunk.
I want this puzzle to be solved by
Krupa.
I would prefer my son to be taught by
him.
The Government expects taxes to be
paid (by us).
tomorrow by you.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Voice is that form of a 'VERB' which shows whether what is described by

the subject, does something / has something done to it.

Examples
Active Voice
Sita helps Geeta.

Note:Here in this sentence Sita is the subject and she does Something –
helps Geeta. The verb HELPS is in a ACTIVE FORM
Passive Voice

Geeta is helped by Sita.

Note:In this sentence Verb “helped” shows that something is done to the
person denoted by the subject. The Verb HELPED is in a PASSIVE
FORM.
Impersonal Voice
Now I can not walk.
Rules for Conversion (Active to Passive)

The subject and object are inter-changed. i.e. 'food'.

Examples
Active Voice Passive Voice
He eats food. The food is eaten by him.

The preposition 'by' is used before the object in the passive.

Examples
Active Voice Passive Voice
He eats food. The food is eaten by him.

The verb is changed (from 'eats' to 'eaten') to past participle form.

Examples
Active Voice Passive Voice
He eats food. The food is eaten by him.

A new Auxiliary verb 'is' added to the past participle form of a verb
(is).
Examples
Active Voice Passive Voice
He eats food. The food is eaten by him.

WHY DO WE USE PASSIVE VOICE ?

The Passive voice is used because :

The doer is unknown, or we want to be silent about doer.

Examples
The Money was stolen.

The action is more important.

Examples
Cigarette Smoking is injurious to health.

It makes the statement more formal or polite or persuasive.

Examples
My Parker pen has been (My pen is stolen)
Stolen.
People say you are very rude. (You are very rude)
You have come late. (I thought you will come in
time.)

It makes doer important.

Examples
 The Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan.

It creates variety in sentences.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE WITH AUXILIARIES

Auxiliaries & Tense:

Auxiliaries Tense

Simple Present
Am, Is, Are + Past Participle
Tense
Was, Were + Past Participle Simple Past Tense
Simple Future
Shall, Will + Past Participle
Tense
The Changes In Pronoun Are As Under:

Active Voice Passive Voice

I By me
We By us
You By you
He By him
She By She
It By it
They By them
People By people
Ramesh By Ramesh
Who By whom
Please Study The Following Examples with Auxiliaries.

Active Voice Passive Voice

The Prayers are said (by us)

We say prayers everyday.
We are Praying.
We have Prayed.
We Prayed.
We were Praying.
We had Prayed.
We will Pray.
We are going to Pray.
We Should Pray.
They don’t use tractors everywhere.
everyday.
The Prayers are being said (by us).
The Prayers has been said (by us).
The Prayer was said (by us).
The Prayer was being said (by us).
The Prayer has been said (by us).
The Prayer will be said (by us).
The Prayer is going to be said (by
us).
The Prayer must said (by us).
Tractors are not used everywhere.
 Shut the door.
Please donate generously.
Do the scientists understand
everything about life ?
Let the door be shut.
You are requested to donate
generously.
Is everything about life understood
by scientists ?

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