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Design Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube The
Design Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube The
Correction of LMTD
Area calculation
Corrected area.
Design heat exchanger shell and tube
Dirt factor
To complete the specification, the duty (heat transfer rate Q ) needed to be calculated. The mean
temp of process stream and water :
Tm of water =298+473/2= 385 k
Tm of steam = 493+693 /2= 593 k
Now: - For process stream duty or heat transfer rate if the mass flow rate has m=114528kg/s
q = m Cp T
q = (114528) x 521 x (693 – 493)
q= 1.193 x1010 J
STEP 2:-
Physical Properties Of Process stream
INLET MEAN OUTLET UNITS
Thermal
0.044 W/mK
conductivity (k)
Thermal
0.6912 W/mK
conductivity (k)
Step 3:-
For system of water, the value of overall heat transfer (U L )lies in the range of 375-
750W/m2 K, so assume.
UL=650 W/m2 K
Step 4:-
Usually an even number of tube passes the preferred arrangement.
For 1 shell and 2 tube passes
LMTD
Ft= 0.91
Design heat exchanger shell and tube
Corrected LMTD
Corrected LMTD= =Ft * LMTD( Tm)
= 0.91 * 207.2
=188.52K
Step 5:-
Heat Transfer Area:
Q = UL Ao Tm
Ao = Q / Uo Tm
Ao = 1.193 x1010 J / (650 x 188.52)
Ao = 97m2
SELECTION OF HEAT EXCHANGER
A < 2m2 (21.5 ft2) select a coiled heat exchanger
2 m2 < A < 50 m2 (538 ft2) select a double-pipe heat exchanger
A > 50 m2 select a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. ( ref. Chemical process engineering
design & Economics By Harry Silla)
As area >50m2, shell and tube heat exchanger with 1-2 shell . Tube pass to get low
pressure drop is selected.
Fig(3)
Design heat exchanger shell and tube
Tubes design :
ODt = 3/4 in from TEMA std (AES) type (Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association)
Corresponding to BWG= 14
Tube IDt = 14.83x10-3m
Tube OD= 19.05x10-3m
Tube thickness= 0.002m
Length of tube=5m
Pitch
For design triangular pitch 1.25 in. is selected because it permits the use of more tubes & hence
results in more surface area in a given shell diameter.
(1.25xdo) triangular pitch=1.25x19.05x10-3m =23.81x10-3
= 3.14 x 19.05x10-3 x 5
= 0.299m2
Mass velocity:
Gt = mass flow rate for steam /total flow area
=(114528/3600)/0.027=1178.27 kg/sec .m2
Linear velocity :
Ut = Gt /ρ
= 1178.27 /800
Ut = 1.47 m/sec (< 4 m/sec acceptable)