Dynamics of Structures

CE G551
Instructor: Dr. Mohan S C
BITS Pilani Lecture1: Introduction to Course and Lab
Hyderabad Campus
 Overview
 Fundamentals of Dynamics of
Structures
 Single Degree of Freedom (S.D.O.F)
• Free vibration analysis
• Forced vibration analysis
• General dynamic load analysis
 Multi Degree of Freedom (M.D.O.F)
• Analysis of MDOF
• Modal analysis of MDOF systems
• Dynamic Analysis under support
excited vibration
• Numerical evaluation for MDOF
systems
 Vibration of Continuous Systems
• Derivation of equation of
motion
• Free vibration Analysis
 Modeling and Dynamic Analysis
using FEM
 Vibration control techniques
• Base isolation, Tuned mass
dampers
 Wind loads on structure
 Frequency Domain Analysis
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 Course Outcomes:
By the end of the course YOU should:

 Formulate equation of motion of Single and Multi-Degree of Freedom

systems under free and forced vibrations.

 Evaluating the response of Single and Multi-Degree of Freedom systems

under free and forced vibration with and without damping.

 Evaluating the response of Multi-Degree of Freedom systems using

approximate and numerical methods

 Analyze the structures subjected to dynamic loading using finite element

method

 Evaluate the lateral forces of a multi-storied building subjected to wind

load.

 Perform dynamic analysis of structures in Frequency domain

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Books
Text Book
1. Chopra, Anil K. “Dynamics of Structures: Theory and applications
to earthquake engineering”, Pearson Edu., 4th edition, 2012.
Reference Books
1. R.W. Clough and J. Penzien, “Dynamics of Structures”, Second edition, McGraw Hill
International edition, 1993.
2. M. Mukhopadhyay, “Structural Dynamics: Vibrations & Systems” Ane’s Student Edition,2010.
3. Patrick Paultre. “Dynamics of Structures” Wiley, Reprint 2013.
4. Mario Paz, “Structural Dynamics - Theory and Computation”, Van Nostrand, 1985.
5. L. Meirovitch, “Elements of Vibration Analysis”, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1986.
6. Daniel J. Inman, “Engineering Vibration”, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 2001.
7. Singiresu S. Rao, “Mechanical Vibrations” Pearson Education.2010.
8. N.C. Nigam, “Introduction to Random Vibration”, MIT Cambridge, 1983.
9. E. Siniu and R.H. Scanlan, “Wind effects on structures: fundamentals and applications to
design”, John wiley and sons, 1997.
10. L. Fryba, “Dynamics of Railway Bridges”, Thomas Telford, 1996.
11. P.Agarwal, and M. Shrikhande, “Earthquake resistant design of structures”, Prentice-Hall
India.2006.
12. 12. IS 875 (Part-III):2015-Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and
Structures — Code of Practice Part 3 Wind Loads

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Evaluation

Weightage Evaluation Date & Nature of

Component Duration Component
(%) Time
28/12/2020 FN Open book
Mid Semester Test 25 90 min 9.00AM - 10.30AM

Assignments (4 No.) 12 1 week each Continuous Open book

Quizzes (5 No.) 5 5 min each Continuous Open book
2 hour per Open book
Online Lab (10 No.) 10 Continuous
week
Project (1 No.) 13 2 months Jan 2020 Open book
Comprehensive 17/02/2020 FN Open book
35 120 min
Exam 10.00AM - 12.00PM

Chamber Consultation Hour: Any time available as it is online mode of classroom

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Online Platform

Google Meet link & Google Class room

Lectures: Google meet, T,TH,S series, 11AM-11:50AM

Join using meet link: meet.google.com/ihf-yhjz-ajy

Uploads, Updates: Google Classroom

Join using Class code: bfuknwn

Online Lab: Google meet, Wed, 3AM-4:50PM

Join using meet link: meet.google.com/cvc-zsar-vqb

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Extra curricular (related to subject)

• Workshops
• Physical Models
• Structural Dynamics
Analysis Packages: STAAD,
SAP, ABAQUS, ANSYS, NASTRAN

• Write your own Program

to Analyse Dynamics of
structure
• Developing an
Mobile/computer Apps

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

List of MATLAB Programs
1. Introduction to Matlab basics – Applications, interface and commands
2. Introduction to Matlab basics – Loops and functions
3. SDOF system – Free vibration analysis through initial displacement and
velocity
4. SDOF system – Forced vibration analysis under harmonic load
5. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis under harmonic load using
modal superposition method
6. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis under arbitrary load using
Newmark’s Beta method (numerical integration technique)
7. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis under arbitrary load using
Central Difference method (numerical integration technique)
8. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis under earthquake load

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

List of Experiments (Only if students come to campus)
1. SDOF system – Free vibration analysis through initial displacement and
velocity using impact hammer
2. SDOF system – Forced vibration analysis under harmonic load
3. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis under harmonic load
4. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis under arbitrary load using
using sine sweep and measure natural frequencies and corresponding
damping ratio
5. MDOF system - Forced vibration analysis of space frame under
earthquake load

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Why Structural Dynamics

Why?
Why?

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Why?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XggxeuFDaDU
Why Structural Dynamics

 To understand the behavior of structure under dynamic

loading
 To calculate the Dynamic response of structure under
dynamic loading
 To design structure to resist dynamic loading

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

What is Dynamic Load
 Force on the structure which varies with time
Note: Intensity of load, Direction of load, application point
Types of dynamic loads
– Impact
– Blast
– Mechanical Vibrations
– Wind
– Earthquake

Nature of Dynamic loads

– Harmonic
– Periodic
– Step (ramp)
– Impulse
– Random
– etc

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

What are Dynamic Responses

 The time-varying response of a given structure subjected

to dynamic loading
What are the responses measured?
– Displacement
– Velocity
– Acceleration

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

What happens in Plastic Zone

Stiffness changes , so natural

frequency changes in plastic zone

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D’Alemberts Principle

The mass particle is said to be in dynamic equilibrium, when

the sum of applied force and inertial vector force are equal to
zero.

F - ma = 0.
F = ma

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 VIBRATION

Free : Motion of body due to initial disturbance. NO external force during

vibration
Forced: motion of body subjected to time dependent external force during
the motion
Undamped: Energy in the system not dissipated
Damped: Energy gets dissipated into non-reversible form
Undamped
Free
Damped
Vibration
Undamped
Forced
Damped
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 Simple Pendulum
Derive an expression for equation of motion

Exercise:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/pendulum-lab/pendulum-lab_en.html BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

THANK YOU!