PROJECT REPORT

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SERICULTURE

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of

“MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION”

of
BANGALORE CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

Submitted by: VARUN D

Reg No: MB182895

Under the Guidance Of

Prof. Dr. VINODH. T. S

VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT
Dr. Raj Kumar road Rajajinagar Bengaluru -
560055
2019-2020
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Sericulture is an agro-based industry. It involves rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk,
which is the yarn obtained out of cocoons spun by certain species of insects.  Cultivation to feed the
silkworms that spin silk cocoons and reeling the cocoons to unwind the silk filament for value added
advantages like process and weaving are the major activities of sericulture. Silk has been blended
with the life and culture of the Indians.

India encompasses an upscale and sophisticated history in silk production and its silk trade dates
back to fifteenth century. Silk is the most elegant textile in the world with distinctive grandeur,
natural radiance, and inherent affinity for dyes, high absorbance, lightweight weight, soft touch and
high sturdiness and called the “Queen of Textiles” the world over Sericulture business provides
employment to roughly 8.25 million persons in rural and semi-urban areas in India throughout 2015-
16.

It stands for livelihood opportunity for millions owing to high employment oriented, low capital
intensive and remunerative nature of its production. From these, a sizeable number of workers
belong to the economically weaker sections of society, including girls. India’s ancient and culture
bound domestic market and a tremendous diversity of silk clothes that replicate geographic
specificity have helped the country to attain variety one position in silk business.

Sericulture is one of the eight large employment systems in which a large percentage of rural people
are engaged. It is not only an employment generating activity but also it can serve as a tool for the
enhancement of the status of rural people, through economic development. The rearing of silkworms
re-quires intensive technical guidance on the spot. Silkworm rearing demands certain specific
environmental conditions particularly of temperature and humidity. The silkworm is the larva or
caterpillar of the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyxmori (Latin: "silkworm of the mulberry tree"). It is
an economically important insect, being a primary producer of silk. A silkworm's preferred food is
white mulberry leaves, but it may also eat the leaves of any other mulberry tree (i.e., Morusrubra or
Morusnigra)as well as the Osage Orange. It is entirely dependent on humans for its reproduction and
does not occur naturally in the wild. Sericulture, the practice of breeding silkworms for the
production of raw silk, has been underway for at least 5,000 years in China, from where it spread to
Korea and Japan, and later to India and the West. The silkworm was domesticated from the wild
silkmothBombyxmandarina which has a range from northern India to northern China, Korea, Japan
and far the eastern regions of Russia. The domesticated silkworm derives from Chinese rather than
Japanese or Korean stock. it is unlikely that silkworms were domestically bred before the Neolithic
age: it was not until then that the tools required to facilitate the manufacturing of larger quantities of
silk thread had been developed. The domesticated B. mori and the wild B. mandarina can still breed
and sometimes produce hybrids

TYPES OF SILK

Mulberry:

The bulk of the commercial silk produced in the world comes from this variety and often silk
generally refers to mulberry silk. Mulberry silk comes from the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. which
solely feeds on the leaves of mulberry plant. These silkworms are completely domesticated and
reared indoors. In India, the major mulberry silk producing states are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Jammu & Kashmir which together accounts for 92 % of country's
total mulberry raw silk production

Tasar:

               
Tasar (Tussah) is copperish colour, coarse silk mainly used for furnishings and interiors. It is less
lustrous than mulberry silk, but has its own feel and appeal. Tasar silk is generated by the
silkworm, Antheraeamylitta which mainly thrive on the food plants Asan and Arjun. The rearings
are conducted in nature on the trees in the open. In India, tasar silk is mainly produced in the states
of Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and Orissa, besides Maharashtra, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. Tasar
culture is the main stay for many a tribal community in India.

Oak Tasar:

It is a finer variety of tasar generated by the silkworm, Antheraeaproyeli J. in India which feed on

natural food plants of oak, found in abundance in the sub-Himalayan belt of India covering the states
of Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya and Jammu & Kashmir. China is
the major producer of oak tasar in the world and this comes from another silkworm which is known
as Antheraeapernyi.

Eri:
        

Also known as Endi or Errandi, Eri is a multivoltine silk spun from open-ended cocoons, unlike
other varieties of silk. Eri silk is the product of the domesticated silkworm, Philosamiaricini that
feeds mainly on castor leaves. Ericulture is a household activity practiced mainly for protein rich
pupae, a delicacy for the tribal. Resultantly, the eri cocoons are open-mouthed and are spun. The silk
is used indigenously for preparation of chaddars (wraps) for own use by these tribals. In India, this
culture is practiced mainly in the north-eastern states and Assam. It is also found in Bihar, West
Bengal and Oriss

Muga:

                               

This golden yellow colour silk is prerogative  of India and the pride of Assam state. It is obtained
from semi-domesticated multivoltine silkworm, Antheraeaassamensis. These silkworms feed on the
aromatic leaves of Som and Soalu plants and are reared on trees similar to that of tasar. Muga
culture is specific to the state of Assam and an integral part of the tradition and culture of that state.
The muga silk, an high value product is used in products like sarees, mekhalas, chaddars, etc

Silk production in India

India is the second largest producer of silk within the globe. Among the four kinds of silk created in
2017-2018, Mulberry accounts for 71.8% (20,434 MT), Tasar 9.9% (2,818 MT), Eri 17.8% (5,054
MT) and Muga 0.6% (166 MT) of the total raw silk production of 28,472 MT.

Mulberry sericulture is principally practised in 5 states i.e. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Assam and
Bodoland, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are major silk producing states in the country.
North East has the distinctive distinction of being the sole region manufacturing four kinds of silk
like Mulberry, Oak Tasar, Muga and Eri. Overall NE region contributes eighteen of India's total silk
production.

The Central Silk Board (CSB) established a number of sericulture research institutions in 1960s.
With systematic efforts, it became possible in 1970s to develop a technology suitable for tropics.
New mulberry varieties coupled with agronomical practices were made available to the farmers.
Packages of practice were developed for silkworm rearing, besides realizing new bivoltine races.
Popularization of the bivoltine hybrids was given priority. Since seed preparers started using
bivoltine as a male parent for the preparation of cross breeds, the traditional poor yield crosses have
been replaced to the extent of 85%. Consequent to this, mulberry sericulture was spread to non
traditional states like Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat in the 1980s. While other crops
(grains) perish due to very little precipitation, mulberry survives such acute situation where ground
water is also not available for raising the crops, thus providing subsistence to a large number of
farmers (National Commission of Agriculture, 1976). Currently in India mulberry silk is chiefly
produced in 5 states viz. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Jammu and
Kashmir, contributing to about 99% of the total mulberry silk produced. Interestingly, the states of
A.P and T.N with almost no silk production during 1960 (Vasumathi, 2000), currently occupy the
second and fourth position respectively. West Bengal at present contributes about 11.8% of the total
cocoon / silk production, while Karnataka contributes the lion's share (43.95%) with Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu contributing 38 % and 4 % respectively.

India is the second largest producer of raw silk after China and the biggest consumer of raw silk and
silk fabrics. An analysis of trends in international silk production suggests that sericulture has better
prospects for growth in the developing countries rather than in the advanced countries. Silk
production in temperate countries like Japan, South Korea, USSR etc., is declining steadily not only
because of the high cost of labour and heavy industrialization in these countries, but also due to
climatic restrictions imposed on mulberry leaf availability that allows only two cocoon crops per
annum. Thus, India has a distinct advantage of practicing sericulture all through the year, yielding a
stream of about 4 – 6 crops as a result of its tropical climate. In India, sericulture is not only a
tradition but also a living culture. It is a farm-based, labour intensive and commercially attractive
economic activity falling under the cottage and small-scale sector. It particularly suits rural-based
farmers, entrepreneurs and artisans, as it requires low investment but, with potential for relatively
higher returns. It provides income and employment to the rural poor especially farmers with small
land-holdings and the marginalized and weaker sections of the society. Several socio-economic
studies have affirmed that the benefit-cost ratio in sericulture is highest among comparable
agricultural crops. Present status: At present, approximately 8 million families (of these 80% are
rural poor) are involved in silk production as part of their livelihood, engaging in sericulture as an
agrobased cottage industry. Due to favourable agro-climatic conditions (suitable temperature and
humidity), traditional skills and market potential, silk production is mostly confined to states like
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir. The predicted demand growth
for silk could generate self-employment and remunerative livelihood opportunities for the most
disadvantaged sections of society

Requirement of Sericulture:

1. High employment potential

 60 lakh persons are engaged in various sericulture activities in the country.

 It is calculable that Sericulture can generate employment @ 11 man days per kg of raw silk
production (in on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout the year. This potential ispar-
excellence and no other business generates this type of employment, especially in rural areas,
hence, sericulture is used as a tool for rural reconstruction.

2. Eco-friendly Activity

 As a perennial crop with good foliage and root-spread, mulberry contributes to conservation
and provides green cover.

 Waste from silkworm rearing will be recycled as inputs to garden.

 Dried mulberry twigs and branches are used as fuel in place of firewood and therefore reduce
the pressure on vegetation/forest.
  Being a labour intensive and predominantly agro-based activity, involvement of smoke-
emitting machinery is minimal.

 Developmental programmes initiated for mulberry plantation are mainly in upland areas
where un-used cultivable land is made productive.

 Intercropping can also be done with numerous plantations.

 Being a deep-rooted perennial plant it can be raised in vacant lands, hill slopes and
watershed areas.

 Currently, only concerning 0.1 % of the cultivable land in the country is beneath mulberry
cultivation.

3.Women friendly Occupation

Women constitutes over hour of those employed in down-stream activities of sericulture in the
country. This is the result of sericulture activities ranging from mulberry garden management, leaf
harvesting and silkworm rearing is more effectively taken up by the women folks. Even silk reeling
business together with weaving is largely supported by them.

4.Low Gestation, High Returns

 Estimated investments of Rs.12,000 to 15,000 (excluding cost of land and rearing space) is
adequate for undertaking mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing in one acre of irrigated
land.

 It takes only six months for mulberry to grow for commencement of silkworm rearing. Once
planted, it will go on supporting silkworm rearing year after year for 15-20 years depending
on inputs and management provided.

 Five crops can be taken in one year under tropical conditions.

 By adopting stipulated package of practices, a farmer can attain net income levels up to
Rs.30000 per acre per annum.
Policy initiatives for the development of silk industry

Sericulture is the purposeful area under the Ministry of Textiles. Few of the recent policy initiatives
taken by the Ministry to promote sericulture unit are as follows.

 Sericulture is considered as agriculture allied activity under RKVY. This enables the
sericulturists to avail the advantages of the theme for the complete sericulture activities up to
reeling.

 The CSB (Amendment) Act, Rules and regulations are notified by the govt. of country to
bring quality standards in egg production.

 Amendment in Forest Conservation Act to treat non mulberry sericulture as forest based
activity enabling the farmers to undertake Vanya silkworm rearing in the natural host
plantation in the forests.

 Anti dumping duty on Chinese raw silk - The Director General of Antidumping & Allied
Duties (DGAD), New Delhi has recommended imposition of antidumping duty on Chinese
raw silk of 3A Grade & Below in the form of fixed duty of US$ 1.85 per kg on the landed
price

 CDP-MGMREGA convergence guideline have been finalized and issued jointly by the MOT
and MORD. Farmers can avail assistance from MGNREGA scheme to get benefit from these
guidelines.

ROLE PLAYED BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE

INDUSTRY

Analyzing present position of the industry in the state and the district, along with analysis of
immense potential of the industry, both state government and central government have adopted
several measures for development of the industry. These are mentioned in under noted
paragraphs.
i. Efforts have been taken for strengthening the R&D effort and extension work for
increasing the output and productivity of the industry right from plantation of food
plants, cocoon production tillweaving.
ii. Duty exemption on Silk machinery till 2018: Silk machinery should be exempted
from duty for at least up to 2018, and it would be an aid in modernization of post-
cocoon stage and to make the sector more competitive. The target has not yet been
attained to the desired extent..
iii. Export incentives: Silk products should be covered under Focus Product Schemeso
that the duty scrip or similar other benefits can be provided to theexporters.
iv. Sericulture should also be included under VisheshKrishi and Gram UdyogYojana
(VKGUY).
v. Introduction of Price Support Scheme: “Price Support Scheme” (PSS) to support
farmers against fall of cocoon prices due to adverse weather conditions in traditional
silk producing states are recommended.

vi. Increased thrust on R&D for scientific ways of increasing silk productivity and
quality.
vii. Development of silkworm breeds and their food plants.

viii. Development of disease forecast and forewarning system areintroduced.

ix. Economic farming models and practices and mechanization in sericulture farming and
silkworm rearing will also beundertaken.

x. Basic research should be conducted to widen knowledge base useful in developing

new methodologies for every stage of activities of silk industry. Emphasis should
particularly be given on development of improved reeling, weaving and processing
devices for silk at low cost to produce quality silk.
xi. Strengthening of extension activities should be done by the states by organizing
refresher courses/training programmers’ of farmers and other persons engaged in
different activities of the industry at regular interval. The course should be structured
in such a way that can help in getting all round information regarding industry and
motivating the farmers, reelers, weavers and traders to have with the industry.
xii. Quality based pricing and incentive system: Advanced systems of quality-based
pricing mechanism for cocoons should be introduced. This kind of pricing will help in
building quality consciousness among the farmers. In turn quality silk items will gain
 advantage for competitive global market,
xiii. Cottage basin reeling units should be provided to all the states and not only to
Karnataka.
xiv. Extension of benefits of Agriculture and Allied activities to Sericulture sector: It is
proposed to treat sericulture at par with agriculture and allied activities and the post
cocoon activities at par with the small and village /cottage industries to bring parity in
extending all benefits of various schemes like Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
(RKVY),Vishesh Krishi and Gram UdyogYojana (VKGUY) and National Calamity
Fund.
xv. Merging sericulture with other programmes/ funding agencies to tap resources:

EXPORT AND IMPORT PERFORMANCE OF SILK

India exports considerable quantity of silk goods and the value of these silk goods is more
than 15 per cent of the total raw silk production. India’s export includes Dress Materials, Ready-
made Garments, Saris and Made-up articles for interior decoration. India’s export has adequately
progressed during the study period with both quantity and value of export showing high and
significant growth. This increased growth is also accompanied by higher volatility. India exports
mainly to 10 countries viz., USA, UK, Hong Kong, German People Republic, Italy, France, Spain,
Saudi Arabia, UAE and Singapore. The share of total Indian exports to these 10 countries constitutes
80 per cent.

Advantages and Uses of Sericulture:

Silk:

 Thread-like structure from the cocoon is what we call as Silk.

 Silk fibres are the primary ingredient in producing Silk Clothes like Sarees etc.

 The use of Silk is also in the manufacturing fishing fibres, parachutes, filter cloth.

 In the medical field, Silk is very helpful in the manufacturing suture materials and
dressing materials.
 In the military field, it is used in manufacturing cartridge bags.

 It is also used in manufacturing insulation coils of telephone and tyres of race cars
respectively.

Silkworm Oil:

1. You can obtain Silkworm oil from the died pupa.

2. While this Silkworm Oil is pretty much helpful in the manufacturing soaps.

3. You can also make them into concentrate cake which is the best feed in the Poultry
Farming.

Silkworm Faeces (or) Excreta:

 It is a rich source of vitamin E AND K, polysaccharides, amino acids such as lysine and
alpha-glycosidase inhibitor.

 While with the help of Silkworm faeces, we can prepare Acid-resistant plastic sheets.

 You can also mix these Silkworm faeces with cow dung and used in gobar gas (or)
biogas production.

Disadvantages of Sericulture | Drawbacks of Sericulture:

 Since the Sericulture requires closed rooms, workers have to work in rooms with poor
ventilation. This results in the respiratory problems to those workers.

 Workers handle the dead worms with their bare hands. This will lead to different illness
and infection.

 During a process where cocoons are kept in hot water to loosen the silk fibres. During
this workers have to keep their hands directly into the water to check the cocoons which will
lead to secondary infection.

 Workers have to work for longer periods of time, like 12-16 hours a day. This will result
in severe back pains and also in legs.
 People who do not have proper knowledge will face difficulty in handling the
silkworms.

 If there is a disease, other worms might get the affection.

PROBLEMS OF INDIAN SERICULTURE INDUSTRY:

Though sericulture is ideally suited for improving the rural economy of the country, as it is
practiced as a subsidiary industry to agriculture, it is hindered by various factors like imports of
cheap and alternative textiles from other Asian neighbours, use of outdated manufacturing
technology, primitive and unscientific "reeling" and "weaving" techniques, use of poor quality
seeds, low production of bivoltine seeds, use of non-graded and diseased seeds, poor knowledge of
farm disease amongst farmers, poor supply chain management ,huge unorganized and decentralized
sector, high production cost, recurring droughts and increased import of silk from China and
accompanied with the following problems like:

 Price fluctuation

o Absence of proper market

 Long distance to market

o Lack of transport facilities

 Absence of storage facilities

 Poor information on market trend

o Lack of finance

Central Silk Board took up the bivoltine sericulture technology development program (BSTDP:
1991- 99) in a bigger way with the cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
R&D was put into full swing to develop various technologies, which were duly tested verified on
 a multi-location base. Shoot system of mulberry cultivation and rearing, which is extensively
followed in Japan, is a notable one. In this method shoot cut along with leaf is fed to the
silkworms on large rearing racks instead of the individually picked leaves reducing labor cost by
60%. Following the paired row system it is also possible to partially or fully mechanize the
plantation

Importance of Silk Rearing | Importance of Sericulture :

 It generates employment opportunity for the unemployed individuals in your locality

 We could take our invested money back in the short period of time.

 Higher profits return

 Women empowerment by providing them employment.

 They are non-hazardous to the environment

Need for Study

 To know the problems in Silk production.

 To analysis the benefits towards the Entrepreneur in production process

 Government rules and regulations

Statement of the Problem

The study is entitled on the “Problems and Prospects of Silk Production”. It is conducted
towards Entrepreneur of Silk production [Raw and twisted silk].
The study is to analyse and to know the benefits of an Entrepreneur in the production process
and Challenges faced by entrepreneur.
Here, It also helps in the growth of an entrepreneur measures provided by the government.

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 CHAPTER 2

RESARCH METODOLOGY

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CONTENT ANAYLSIS

Content analysis is a research method for studying documents and communication artifacts,
which might be texted of various formats, pictures, audio or video. Practices and philosophies
of content analysis vary between academic disciplines. They all involve systematic reading or
observation of texts or artifacts which are assigned labels to indicate the presence of interesting,
meaningful pieces of content.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:-

This Section includes the methodology which the research design, objectives of study, along
with research methodology and limitations of study.

RESEARCH DESIGN:-

The design of any research project requires considerable attention to the research methods and
the proposed data analysis. Within this section, we have attempted to provide some information
about how to produce research design for a study. The basic overview of the research method
portion of a research proposal and then some data analysis templates for different types of
design. Goal is not to answer question, but provide a head start.

In order to achieve the objectives the study required both primary data and secondary data.
Accordingly, a field survey was conducted to obtain data adopting a sampling design.

Information obtained from districts of Karnataka namely Ramnagar, Mysore, Sidalu gatha
some of other small town. About the existing cottages and small scale industries of sericulture
were visited and informal meetings and interviews were conducted with the owners and
workers of these units.

The study is mainly based on the secondary source of information. The secondary data is
mainly consisted from published and unpublished works on the related topics, economics
survey, journals, newspaper, State silk board and other related organisation were visted for
research materials.
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Objectives:

 To study the growth and the structure of sericulture sector.

 To study the measures provided by the government of silk farming.

 To analyze the profitability and viability of sericulture industry.

 To study the prospects of sericulture in Karanataka.

Limitations of the study

 The subject of sericulture is very wide and vast. Hence, it is very difficult to study
each aspects of sericulture in limited time.

 During the collection of data sum of the sericulturist were narrow mined they didn’t
cooperate well. The incomplete response and information given by the respondence
couldn’t be avoided.

 The present study is primary focused on only Karnataka state i.e., Ramnagar, Mysore,
Sidalu gatha

Prospects

The present research work will attempt to put forward possible impact of sericulture industry
on income, Employment generation etc. In the economy. The study can also be utilized for
evaluating various indicators of economic growth and its relationship with sericulture
industry. This study well an important contribution for various cottage and small scale
industries of sericulture and access their impact on employment in the economy and as well
as the problems faced by sericulture entrepernurial farmers.

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 Collection of Data:

The present study is based on both primary and secondary data.

The primary data

It were collected with help of a well- structured and pre- tested interview schedule by adopting
personal interview method. The researcher had prepared a draft interview schedule for the
organic farmers.

The secondary data

It were collected from articles published in various reputed research journals, books,
periodicals and websites.

Sample Design
Sample technique

Convenient Sampling method is used for this research work.

Sample size

Sample size consist of 50 respondent for this research work.

Data collection

Data is the basis for every research work. The data is mainly classified into two groups.

HYPOTHESES

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The following hypotheses were framed for the purpose of present study.
“There is no significant difference exists between the small farmers and medium
farmers as regard to the level of importance given to problems in organic paddy farming”.

Tools for Data Collection

 Library research

 Personal interview

 Websites

 Observation

 Survey

Plan for Analysis

The data obtained from the personal interview, survey and Observation in order to analyse
the problems and prospects in silk production faced by an entrepreneur.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

This study is novel and significant as it represents the first attempt to analyze the Prospects and
problems of organic farming . Organic agriculture has demonstrated its ability not only to
produce safer commodities for consumers but also to produce safer commodities at all levels.
Organic agriculture seems to be the viable alternative because it enlivens the soil, strengthens
the natural resource base and sustains biological production at different levels

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 CHAPTER 3

SWOT ANALYSIS

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SWOT Analysis

When we use SWOT analysis, Its often for strategic planning. It prepares for decisions and
gives an overall look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of business. But
SWOT analysis can also be used to increase and build upon customer satisfaction.
To give a well-rounded overview of  how to use SWOT analysis for a boost in customer
satisfaction, we’ll start with the Strengths and Weaknesses first.

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SWOT analysis, for any who may be unfamiliar, is a planning method typically used in
business strategy to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that may
face a business or project.  
A number of us have likely had the opportunity to either observe or participate in this
exercise for the broader business in which we work.  A quick overview of the core concepts:

Strengths and weaknesses

Strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization.  Strengths represent positive
attributes or characteristics, factors that provide an advantage.  Weaknesses are attributes or
characteristics that place the business at a disadvantage relative to others.

Opportunities and threats

Opportunities and threats are external to the organization.  Opportunities represent external
trends and chances to improve performance – something happening in the outside
environment that presents positive potential.  Threats are elements or trends in the outside
environment that could cause trouble for the business,  place it at risk

STRENGTHS are:
i. Sericulture is a part of tribal life since time immemorial.

ii. Climate of the district favors growth of the industry in both agriculture and
manufacturing processes.
iii. Direct patronage of Panchokot Raj since 1st AD made the industry flourished.

iv. Increasing trend in tasar silk production

v. ideally suitable for the domestic population.

vi. The industry is labour intensive and the district having a huge amount of
unemployment is fit to supply labor for the industry.
vii. The industry is capable to engage aged and differently able persons in various
stages of the industry.

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 viii. Government has adopted and is adopting several measures for the
development of the industry as already mentioned.
ix. Agricultural sector is supervised and controlled by Government as a
consequence role of middle is eliminated in this phase.
x. Presence of a stable local market and demand base.

xi. Above all ever increasing market of the silk products throughout the globe

WEAKNESS

i. Variation in productivity,

ii. Variation in the price of D.F.Ls and cocoon as par Government norms.

iii. Absence of integration among the phases of production.

iv. Contribution of the industry to state production in spite of ranking third in

tasar production is not worthy to mention (0.39 % to.49%).
v. Quality of tasar cocoon is not as good as cocoons from Jharkhand, Orissa and
Bihar.
vi. Middle men manipulate earnings of reelers and weavers.

vii. Only third crop is used as commercial cocoon.

viii. Persons engaged in both the phases scared to adopt modern technologies.

ix. The sericulture industry in the district operates basically on local demand
base,
x. Marketing is the weakest part of the industry.

xi. Proper up-keep of relevant data is absent.

OPPORTUNITIES ARE :

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 i. Change in fashion world increasing demand for silk products.

ii. Multiple uses of silk are yet to be explored.

iii. Government though various projects, Fiber Policy and various aides trying to develop
the industry.
iv. There is ample scope for utilization of unutilized barren lands for the development of
the industry.
v. A huge scope is left for utilization of byproducts.

vi. Prior to our study period, more specifically up to middle of nineties thirteen areas of
the district were engaged in manufacturing phase. Since the end of nineties the areas
where manufacturing phase is in operation has reduced to four.

THREATS ARE:

i. Ignorance about application of modern techniques and technologies both in farming

activities and manufacturing cum trading part..
ii. Low productivity of labour.

iii. High cost of production.

iv. Low priced cotton goods.

v. Chinese silk at cheaper rate..

vi. Tendency of traders to make silk cloths impure by mixing cotton and or synthetic
fibers along with silk fibers.
vii. Young generation accepts the industry as non-prestigious. They even prefer to spend
timely.
Against this analysis it may be commented that SWOT analysis as presented above opens the scope
regarding planning for betterment of the industry in the district

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 CHAPTER 4

OUTCOME OF THE STUDY

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OUTCOME OF THE STUDY

1. The rate of participation of family members in sericultural activities is very high (75
per cent).

2. The level of age and education of the farmers are found to be favorable for
understanding and adopting sericulture technologies

3. the educational status SSLC or below and nobody is reported to be illiterate.

4. It is noticed that all the farmers of the study area belonged to the forward casts and no
farmer is reported to be in the Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe.

5. The income-wise classification of the farmers showed that most of the farmers (48.33
per cent) in the three districts belong to the annual income group of Rs.25000 to
50000. Majority of them (62 per cent) are basically agriculturists, which would
enable them to perform better in sericultural activities. Some 15 per cent of the
farmers have reported that they have no occupation other than sericulture

6. The level of training in sericulture is most of the people is trained

7. sericulture stage of the industry is dominated by S.C. and S.T. population.(80% on

anaverage)

8. In sericulture stage there are 3 to 21 families to form a unit with an average family
member of5.

9. Sericultural stage as well as the engagement in reeling is dominated by women

(average-65%).

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10. Male population dominates weaving and trading (almost90%).

11. The productivity of sericulture to a great extent is affected by failure of crops, which
occurs mainly due to silkworm diseases and climatic problems.

12. The large farmers depend on their own funds for financing sericultural activities.

13. Those who borrow funds for sericultural activities, majority make their borrowings
from Commercial Banks and Land Development Banks

14. The sericultural activities are labour intensive and the cost of labour has a significant
share in the total cost of cocoon production. The involvement of family labour can
reduce the cost to a great extent.

15. Serifed is granting subsidies to farmers for planting mulberry, for constructing
rearing houses, for purchasing rearing equipments, for purchasing disinfectants and
for implementing irrigation facilities

16. The most important problem is the high cost of fertilizers.

17. High cost of labour and diseases of mulberry are also the other important problems
reported in sericulture

18. More labour consumption is required during establishment

19. The seed like paddy and groundnut will be transported easily and consume less
labour, less effort

20. The planting distance depends upon the agro climatic conditions

21. Irrigation plays an important role among various agronomic inputs

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22. Summer is another problem in sericulture

23. The diseases and pests are the major factors which interact on the plant and result in
the deterioration of quality and quantity of leaf yield

24. One of the most important problems of sericulture industry is inadequate

infrastructural facilities

25. Sericulture is not a routine type of activity

26. The prosperity of sericulture industry depends largely on the marketing

27. Silk industry is an important and expanding industry in many developed and
developing countries of the world

28. Sericulture has been mainly confined to the illiterate or semi-literate persons.

29. It in very difficult to ascertain the economic condition of the rearers on the basis of
their incomes

30. The study reveals that out of the total operational land, considerable portion can be
brought under silkworms

31. The return from sericulture is unpredictable due to vagaries of return and non-
existence of organised market for cocoons.

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 Chapter 5

LEARNING EXPERIENCE SUGGESTION

CONCLUSION AND BIBILIOGRAPHY

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

This project gave me great opportunity to learn about the all aspects of the

PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF SERICULTURE And helped me to know about current

situation of the SERICULTURE

The learning experience gained by me during the in plant training was very much
practical oriented. Mostly all the concepts which I studied in the class, are applicable
practically

I gained many new management skills and also got a chance to learn new things on my own
experience.

The overall study of the organization

1. Improve skills
One of the most important things you can gain from internship is new knowledge
and network and it helps to improve many new skills and knowledge

2. Professional communications
It is the best way to learn how to navigate the working world through real-life hands
on experience one of the most valuable skill you will gain from an internship is the
ability to speak with people in a professionals

3. Making connections
The people who will be reference in the future it will setup many new
connections and build the strong relationship

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 4. Independence
Internship will teach you to make your own decision and do things on your
own being able to work independently with little guidence is very important in
the working world

I came to know what exactly needs wheather quality of work or quality of work to be done or both.
And also some extent I could understand the SERICULTURE work culture. Uniformity which is a
essential element that management should maintain it will also create an impression on the minds
of another about their taste, preference, values .I had a great time working on the project, as it given
insights into the working environment of an organization. The environment is good. I have learn lot
of thing there.

This project gave me a great learning experience and at the same time it gave me enough scope to
implement my educational ability. The information advice presented in this project is based on
secondary information.

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 SUGGESTIONS

Against above noted paragraphs where we have tried to sketch every corner of our study we
would like to prescribe some suggestions for the betterment of the industry.
1. Local supplies of raw materials particularly cocoon for reeling are not sufficient.
Chibasa of Jharkhand possessing a huge supply base of cocoon is a few k.m. away
from the district. An initiative from government and organized form of reelers to
make a permanent link with Chibasa for uninterrupted supply of raw material may act
as a booster for the industry.
2. Financing from external sources is not notable in any form of activity. It leads to
weak capital base. Proper imitative from government, commercial banks, rural
development banks and co-operative banks for supply of finance will develop the
industry to a desired extent.

3. Encouragement should be given to the rearers for scientific and systematic plantation of
food plants and necessary technical assistance should be provided free of cost by the
Government.
4. The State govermnent owned sericultural farms should be converted to commercial
farms and more such farms be established in collaboration with the department of social
forestiy and the same should be alloted to commercial rearers through auction.
5. The Directorate of Sericulture (DOS) in full co-operation with Central Silk Board
(CSB) should open some ‘Ideal Sericultural Farms’ in prominent silk growing areas to
impart improved practical knowledge of sericultural practices to rearers which will
create a sense of reliability.
6. ‘Technical Cell’ may also be constituted under the Directorate of Sericulture to provide
training facility and technical guidance to the muga farmers in different muga growing
pockets. Soil testing and seed examination should also be done by the cell on behalf of
the rearers before plantation of food plants and rearing respectively

7. Farming is done on unit basis consisting of a number of families and all of the other

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 three activities are mono family based. In units engaged in farming the team leader
directs the other to implement the scheme of production of cocoon. In all of the other
activities head of the family leads. They need proper training in human resource
management, use of technology and effective utilization of available funds,
generation of same and procurements.
8. Proper supervision of government is needed.

9. For quick development of the industry in the district, all of the stages of the industry
are required to be integrated. Raghunathpur weavers cluster is one of such efforts in
manufacturing stage.

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 10. Farming is done on unit basis consisting of a number of families and all of the
other three activities are mono family based. In units engaged in farming the
team leader directs the other to implement the scheme of production of
cocoon. In all of the other activities head of the family leads. They need proper
training in human resource management, use of technology and effective
utilization of available funds, generation of same and procurements.
11. Proper supervision of government is needed.

12. For quick development of the industry in the district, all of the stages of the
industry are required to be integrated. Raghunathpur weavers cluster is one of
such efforts in manufacturing stage.
13. Introduction of new techniques and modern technologies are very much
necessary. In this regard arrangement of workshop and training at the block
level as well as district level is very much necessary. These workshops and
training programmes will be designed in such a way that can be able to the
farmers and other people engaged in sericulture on new technology with
extreme zeal and enthusiasm.
14. Another aspect is marketing that has wide scope of improvement following
state of the art of marketing technologies.
15. It is suggested that young generation is required to be educated about
sericulture industry and attachment of the district with sericulture.

RECOMMENDATION

1. There should be uniform price for both multi end reelers and charka reelers.
2. The government should provide the land required for both charka and filature reelers
to start multi end-reeling process which speedup the process of production of silk.
3. Ready market for charkas and filature silk should be made available regularly.
4. The problems faced by the charka and filature reelers has to be addressed by the silk
board and agencies supplying silk and sufficient subsidy should be provided by the
government.
5. The government should provide the machinery required for reeling at a price
afforadable to all the reelers.

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it can be said that India can take up the challenge of production of high
quality silk in required quantity to meet the domestic requirement as well as to earn valuable
foreign exchange. Measures like the encouragement of additional technological and
economic research in the various aspects of sericulture, standardization and quality control of
silk and silk products, provision of quality seeds, imparting knowledge among the farmers
regarding farm disease and rationalization of marketing and stabilization of prices of silk
cocoons and raw silk, it could expand rapidly than ever before. The textile sector is also
developed to support the agro system so that optimum value addition is possible. Central Silk
Board has recently been able to evolve & popularize hybrid silkworm races which can yield
raw silk of international standards thereby increasing production. With these races, we can
expect reforms in the marketing and processing of cocoons, India can hope to develop its sale
of domestic raw silk beyond its own borders.

BIBILIOGRAPHY

37
Books/Articles reference

 D.V.RAMANA: “Economics of Sericulture and Silk Industry in India”; Deep

Deep Publication, New Delhi, Ist edition; 1987.
 P.K. Mohanty: Tropical Wild Silk Cocoons of India, Daya Publishing House,
New Delhi, Ist edition,2003.
 Mohammed Moiruddin, Ecomomic Viability of Silk Industry: Some Key
Issues, Silk Industry; Problem and Prospects, edited by Abdul Aziz and HG
Hunumappa, Ashish Publishing House, 1st edition, 1985 page-7-12
 T.R.Somashekar, Economies Through Process Control in Reeling and
Weaving, Silk Industry; Problem and prospects, edited by Abdul Aziz and HG
Hunumappa, Ashish Publishing Hiouse, 1st edition, 1985 page-81-90
 Arun Ramanathan, (2004) “Magic of Silk”, Indian Silk, Vol. 42, (9): pp.4-7.
 Ashok Chowdhury: Ahalya Bhumi Purulia, Deep Prakashan, Kolkata, Ist
edition 2003, Page-73-80.
 “Comparative Economics of Bivoltine Hybrids with multi x bi Hybrid
CocoonProduction”, Indian Journal of Sericulture, Vol.

Websites

 www. Problems and prospects of sericulture.com

 Central Silk Board, http://wwwindiansilk.kar.nic.in/sericulture.html
 Department of Sericulture, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, India,
http://www.des.kar.nic.in
 Internationl Sericulture Commission, http;//www.inserco.org

Newspaper/Magazines

38
1. The Indian express
2. The outlet of economy
3. Economics times

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