r frnPrrre$hrfiosrrhdlu

FLIP-FLOP(E)
SET-RESET
WiththispQectwe canshowhowtwoNANDgatesof a 7400lC (TTLInte-
canbe wiredto performas an R-Sflip-flop.
gratedGircuit)
Thiscircuitisa pulse-triggered thatneedsnegative-going
flip-flop pulsesto be
Thiscircuitoperatesas follows:as we see,it haltwg_outngls;
triggered. a
nolmdoutputcalledO (LED1) andaninverted outputcalledO (LED2).When
oneoutputis 1theothernecessarily willbe0 andvice-versabecause theyare
complementary.
ThecircuithasalsotwoinputsnamedS (SET)andR (RESET) as shownin
theschematicdiagram,wherethetriggersignalsareapplied.
R inputiswiredto Q outputandS inputiswiredto Ooutput,forminga closed-
loopforthedigitalsignals.
Whena negative-going triggerpulseis appliedto S inputtheoutputQ swingi
to the 1 staie.As thistutputis wiredto R input,the 1 statecausesoutputQ
tofallto a 0 level.ButQ outputis alsowiredto S inputcausinga feedbackthat
makesitsoutputremainat 1 alsoatterthetriggerpulsehasdisappeared. To
triggertheflip-flop again,changing theoutputstates, weshould applya nega-
p!-going pulseto R input.This pulsecausestheoutputto goto 1, andasthis
outputis wiredto R input,thetriggerpulsealsocausestheoutputQ to goto
0level.
Azeroin thisoutputgoesto R input,andalsoafterthetriggerpulsedisap-
pearstheoutputsremainin theirstates.
Seethatthe circuithastwo stablestates,andwe onlycan changethese
pulsesappliedto its inputs.
stateswithsetor reset(S or R) negative-going
wiringa
flip-flopandcanbe constructed
Ourprojectis a manually-triggered
switchto the R-Sinputsas shownin Figure1.
twoLEDs.LED1glowswitha 1 at Q outputand
Logicstatesareindicateqby
LED2glowswitha 1 at d outPut.
 Ffd0crzsH-i$fff,llHrr

Thecircuitmustbe powered powersupplyas it usesa

by a S-voltregulated
TTLlC.Currentrequirements
rangetypicallyfrom5 to 15 mA.
placement
Components ona smallprinted-circuit
boardisshownin Figure2.
Experimentslikethiscanalsobeperformedonwhatelectronics experiment-
erscall"breadboards".
Theseareboardson whichthe partsof experiments
canbe temporarilyassembled.By usingbreadboards
it is notnecessary
to

teo\/7 $1"

t'\tt
ffin

Figure I

Figure 2

r8
Frndrctrffithe halmffil
"solderlessboards"
This is why theyare alsocalled
solderthe components.

The circuitcan be usedto teachmuchaboutflip-flops,usedin computersas

countersand in memoriesand manyotherapplications.

Observation:In digitalelectronicsan electricalsignalis eitherhigh or low.

Thesetwo statesale usedto representbinarybits 1 and0. Sincedigitallogic
lOs operatefrom a single-endedpowersupply,a high state representsa
voltagenearthe supplyvoltageanda lowstaterepresents a voltagenear 0V'

PanrsLsr - SET-RESET
FUP-FIoP
fC1 - 74OOTTL IntegratedGircuit

LEDs - Red,greenor yellowcommonLEDs

R1,R2 - 330 ohm, 114W,5Y"resistors

51 - SPDT toggleswitch

ldeasto ExPlore
Tolearnmoreaboutthecircuitanddevices:
o Thecommon countercircuit.Mountother
flip-flopis a fundamental
unitslikethisand usethemto explainhowcountersandmemories
workin computer circuits.Eachflip-flopcanstorea bit.
. Findtheditferences andhowthey
betweenR-SandJ-Kflip-flops
areusedin logiccircuits.
usingthiscircuit:
andprojects
Scienceexperiments
o Replace 51 bya-magnetic anduse
(reed)switchor a microswitch
memoryin experiments.
thiscircuitas a one-event lt candetectand
memorize whena Switchin an lure,alarm,or mechanicalprocessis
closedfora moment.
-
tf