SUBSETS OF A LINE

and
ANGLES
Mr. Jhon Paul A. Lagumbay
Math Teacher
St. Agnes’ Academy
GOALS:
a. Illustrates subsets of a line
b. Use some postulates and theorems that relate
points, lines, and planes
c. Distinguish between segments, rays and lines
d. Find the distance between two points on a
number line
e. Find the coordinate of the midpoint of a
segment
f. Identify opposite rays and angles
g. Measure, classify and identify types of angles.
SUBSETS OF A LINE
 A B

Definition of a Segment
Segment AB, denoted by 𝐴𝐵 or 𝐵𝐴 is the
union of points A, B and all the points between
them. A and B are called the endpoints of the
segment.

A segment is a subset of a line.

The length of the segment is the distance between its

endpoints.
 A P B

Definition of Between

Point P is said to be between A and B if

and only if A, P, and B are distinct points of
the same line and 𝐴𝑃 + 𝑃𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵.
 A P B

Definition of a Ray

Ray AP, denoted by 𝐴𝑃 is the union of

(a) 𝐴𝑃 and (b) all points B such that P is
between A and B .

A ray is another subset of a line.

A ray starts at one point of a line and goes on indefinitely

in one direction.
 A P B

Definition of a Ray

Ray AP, denoted by 𝐴𝑃 is the union of

(a) 𝐴𝑃 and (b) all points B such that P is
between A and B .

𝑃𝐵 and 𝑃𝐴 are described as opposite rays if and

only if they are subsets of the same line and have a
common endpoint.
 Relationships Among
Points, Lines and Planes
A postulate is a statement which is accepted as true
without proof.

A statement that needs to be proven is called a

theorem.

A corollary is a theorem whose justification follows

from another theorem.
 Postulate 1

A line contains at least two distinct points. A plane

contains at least three noncollinear points. Space
contains at least four noncoplanar points.
 Postulate 2 – Line Postulate

If two distinct points are given, then a unique line

contains them.

A B
l

The points A and B determine exactly one line l.

This means that there is one and only one line l that
contains points A and B.
 Theorem 1

If two distinct lines intersect, then they intersect at

exactly one point.

K Lines l and m
intersect at K.

m
 Postulate 3

Three collinear points are contained in at least

one plane and three noncollinear points are contained in
exactly one plane.

The noncollinear
points A, B, and C are
contained in exactly one
plane P whereas the
collinear points D, E, and F
in at least one plane.
 Postulate 4

If two distinct planes intersect, then their

intersection is a line.

S
 Postulate 5

If two points are in a plane, then the line that

contains those points lies entirely in the plane.

E
A B
l

A line that lies in a plane divides the plane into two

subsets, each of which is called a half-plane. The dividing line
is called the edge.
 Theorem 2

If a line not contained in a plane intersects the

plane, then the intersection contains only one point.

l
If line l and plane E
E intersect two points A and B,
then line l lies in plane E by
B Postulate 5. But this could
A not be since line l is not
contained in plane E.
 Theorem 3

If two distinct lines intersect, then they lie in

exactly one plane.

m
 Theorem 4

If there is a line and a point not in the line, then

there is exactly one plane that contains them.

R E
A B
l
 Postulate 6

Given any two points there is a unique distance

between them.

A B

-4 0 5
 Postulate 7 – The Ruler Postulate
There is one-to-one correspondence between the
points of a line and the set of real numbers such that the
distance between two distinct points of the line is the
absolute value of the difference of their coordinates.

A B

0 3 10
The length or measure , ST, S T
of a segment, 𝑆𝑇 , is the
Distance ST
distance between S and T.

A B
0 5
C D

3 8

Two segments are congruent if and only if they have equal

measures. 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐷 if and only if 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷.
 S M T

A point of a segment is its midpoint if and only if divides the

segment into two congruent segments. M is the midpoint of 𝑆𝑇 if
and only if 𝑆𝑀 ≅ 𝑀𝑇 .

Theorem 5

On a ray there is exactly one point that is at a

given distance from the endpoint of the ray.
 Corollary 1

Each segment has exactly one midpoint.

Any line, segment, ray, k

or plane that intersects Z R
a segment at its
midpoint is called a
bisector of the X M Y
segment.
If M is the midpoint of
𝑋𝑌, then the line 𝑘, T
plane 𝑍, 𝑀𝑅 and 𝑀𝑇 all
bisect 𝑋𝑌.
 Theorem 6 – Midpoint Theorem

If M is the midpoint of a segment AB, denoted as

𝐴𝐵, then
2𝐴𝑀 = 𝐴𝐵 and 2𝑀𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
1 1
𝐴𝑀 = 𝐴𝐵 𝑀𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
2 2

A M B
EXAMPLE:

GIVEN: 𝐷𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐸, 𝐴𝐵 ≅
𝐵𝐶, 𝐹𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐺, 𝐴𝐵 = 3, 𝐹𝐵 = B
2, and 𝐷𝐵 = 1
F
a. What is the A
midpoint of 𝐹𝐺 ?
b. Name four D
bisectors of 𝐹𝐺. I H J
c. What is the
midpoint of 𝐼𝐵 ? -3 0 3 6
d. What segment is E
congruent to 𝐻𝐽 ? C
e. 𝐼𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷 = _____ G
Is B between I
and D?
Angles
 Definition

A figure is an angle if and only if it is the union of

two noncollinear rays with a common endpoint.

noncollinear rays - SIDES X

common endpoint - VERTEX

SIDES: 𝑌𝑋 , 𝑌𝑍
Y
Z
VERTEX: 𝑌
ANGLE: ∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 or ∠𝑍𝑌𝑋
 An angle in a plane
A Z
separates it into three sets P
of points: Q
a. the points in the interior exterior
R interior
of the angle; B 1
b. the points in the exterior C
of the angle; and
c. the points on the angle
itself.

Thus, R is an interior point, P is an exterior point and Q is

a point on the angle.

An angle can also be named by a number or by its

vertex.
 Definition

Two coplanar angles are adjacent if and only if

they satisfy three conditions: (1) they have a common
vertex , (2) they have a common side , and (3) they have
no common interior points.
EXAMPLE:

C
Use the figure to name the following:
3

a. An angle named by one X

2 1
letter.
b. The sides of ∠3 B A
c. ∠1 and ∠2 with letters Z Y
d. An angle adjacent to ∠1
Classifying Angles According to Measures
Name of the Measure of
Angle Classification
Angle the Angles

1 ∠1 Less than 90° Acute Angle

∠2 Equal to 90° Right Angle

2

Greater than
3 ∠3 90° but less Obtuse Angle
than 180°
 Definition

∠𝐴 is an acute angle if and only if the measure

of 𝑚∠𝐴 is greater than 0 but less than 90. In symbol,
𝟎 < 𝒎∠𝑨 < 𝟗𝟎

∠𝐴 is a right angle if and only if the measure of

𝑚∠𝐴 is 90. In symbol, 𝒎∠𝑨 = 𝟗𝟎

∠𝐴 is an obtuse angle if and only if the measure

of 𝑚∠𝐴 is greater than 90 but less than 180. In
symbol, 𝟗𝟎 < 𝒎∠𝑨 < 𝟏𝟖𝟎
 Postulate 8 – Angle Measurement Postulate

Given any angle, there is a unique real number

between 0 and 180 known as its degree measure.

Postulate 9 – The Protractor Postulate

In a half-plane with edge 𝐴𝐵 any point S between

A and B, there exists a one-to-one correspondence
between the rays that originate at S in that half-plane
and the real numbers between 0 and 180
To measure an angle formed by two of these rays,
find the absolute value of the difference of the
corresponding real numbers.
 Postulate 10 – The Angle Construction Postulate

In a half-plane, through the endpoint of ray lying

in the edge of the half-plane, there is exactly one other
ray such that the angle formed by two rays has a given
measure between 0 and 180.
 Definition

Two angles are congruent if and only if they have

equal measures. In symbols, ∠𝑋 ≅ ∠𝑌 if and only if
𝑚∠𝑋 ≅ 𝑚∠𝑌

Theorem 7

All right angles are congruent.

 A
GIVEN: three coplanar rays
𝑂𝐴, 𝑂𝑇, and 𝑂𝐵, 𝑂𝑇 is between
𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝐵 if and only if T
𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝑇 + 𝑚∠𝑇𝑂𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
B
O
Definition

A ray is a bisector of an angle if and only if it

divides the angle into two congruent angles, thus angles
of equal measure.
Theorem 8 – Angle Bisector Theorem

If 𝑂𝑋 is a bisector of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵, then

2𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝑋 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
1
𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝑋 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
2

and

2𝑚∠𝑋𝑂𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
1
𝑚∠𝑋𝑂𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
2
Postulate 11 – Angle Addition Postulate

If T is in the interior of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵, then

𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝑇 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝑇

B
O
ILLUSTRATE & ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING:

1. If 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 25 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷,

what can you conclude about ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷?
2. If 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 90 and 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 20,
what can you conclude about ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶?
That in all things,
God may be
Glorified!!!