BY: RC SHARMA

GENERAL DETAILS
Subject : Mathematics
th
Class : 6

Topic : Basic geometrical ideas

 GENERAL OBJECTIVES
Understand the properties of
quadrilaterals.
Distinguish between different types of
quadrilaterals.
Grasp the concept of symmetry in
different types of quadrilaterals
 What is geometry ?
Geometry is the branch of
mathematics which deals with
properties and relations with the
lines , angles ,surfaces and solids.
Just as Maths deals with numbers ,
geometry deals with figures , points
and lines…….
 POINT
A point is usually represented by a small dot.
By a sharp tip of the pencil, mark a dot on the
paper. Sharper the tip, thinner will be the dot.
 Line Segment
A line segment corresponds to the
shortest distance between two points.
The line segment joining points A and B
is denoted by AB
 AB

This shortest join of

point A to B
(including A and B)
shown here is a
line Segment.
 Line
A line is obtained when a line segment like
AB is extended on both sides indefinitely; it
is denoted by AB or sometimes by a single
small letter like l.

A
AB
 Intersecting Lines
Two distinct lines meeting at a point are called
intersecting lines.
L1
P

L2
 Parallel Lines
Two lines in a plane are said to be parallel if
they do not meet.

Identify parallel lines

 Ray
A ray is a portion of a line. It starts at one point
(called starting point) and goes endlessly in a
direction.

P
Two points are shown
on the ray.
A
They are (a) A, the starting
point (b) P, a point on the path
of the ray.
 We denote it by AP.
some models for a ray

Sun rays
Beam of light from
a light house
 Ray of light
from a torch

POLYGON
A polygon is a simple closed curve made up of line
segments.
(i) The line segments are the sides of the polygon.
(ii) Any two sides with a common end point are adjacent
sides.
(iii) The meeting point of a pair of sides is called a vertex.
(iv) The end points of the same side are adjacent vertices.
(v) The join of any two non-adjacent vertices is a diagonal.
 Angles
An angle is made up of two rays starting from
a common end point.
Two rays OA and OB make AOB(or also
called BOA).
A

AOB
 oB ANGLE AOB

 The meeting point of a pair of sides is

called a vertex.
 The end points of the same side are
adjacent vertices
Triangles
A triangle is a three-sided polygon
The three sides of the triangle
AB , BC and CA .

The three angles are

BAC, BCA and ABC.
 The points A, B and C are
the vertices of the triangle
Quadrilaterals
A four sided polygon is a quadrilateral
It has 4 sides and 4
angles.
Four sides AB, BC , CD and
DA.
Four angles A , B, C
and D
 AB and DC are opposite sides A and

C, D and B are opposite angles

Circles
A circle is a simple closed curve which is not a
polygon.
Parts of circle
1.Centre - The fixed point
2.Radius- fixed distance
 3.Diameter -A diameter is a chord passing through the
center
4.Chord-line segment joining any two points on the
circle.
5.Circumference – distance around the circle.
The fixed point is the center
The fixed distance is the radius
A diameter is a chord passing through the center of the circle.
A chord of a circle is a line segment joining any two points on
the circle.
The distance around the circle is the circumference.
1.Centre -o d

2.Radius -r r
c
o
3.Diameter - d
4.Chord - ca
5.cirumference a
A region in the interior of a
circle enclosed by an arc on one side and a pair of radii
on the other two sides is called a sector.
A region in the interior of a
circle enclosed by a chord
and an arc is called a
segment of the circle.

Learning outcome
Students will be able to
 Understand the concept of point ,
line , line segment , ray ,angle ,
triangle , quadrilateral and circle.
 Apply the knowledge in different
situations.

Thank
you