elcal %anienna

xtlelical amlenna co basic simple broadband VHE and

QHE anlenna ohich plovidos cisculan polaizoion
* It consisls
ot a thick papers orte wournd n tte doim a
Sciew thead eprómiqy a tolra as shoun én igure

hick copperd
wise helin

aound plan.
teel wiie

* Tn qeneval , the hain s used with grourd plames

ditpient oims o ha qsound planu Seh as
lat qyound plane ,cuindatal cauty od gustium cnuey
* în qonal tha halial antenna ts dal eocth co-anial
toangmission line o shich tha certsal concucbi is coonectd
to the helix at te doel pont, while tha ades conductos s
altached to the qround plame
* The helial anenna can opedaBe tn mang malas tet
Hhe two inpoxtant modas au noimal
moda and qria
rmode ot opeiation
 sthuctoe
diqa
* Consider% a helical anten na au shoun n

Helix
Pred wire

D,

L
Rred coaxial
cable - , NS
Ground plarne

basically onsists oaheli o thick copped wirse ot a

uscd with
tabig wound on a shape ot scieo Hhrsead and
jak metal plate colled quound plang ot ghound plate.
* The helia ts ed by a coaalal calbte. One end o tha halix
s connected to tha cerue od tnned conducto od ta caste and
oadors conducod es connaded to qroamd plame .
Tha mode ch the adiatian oh the aenna depends on the
diamalod o the heliox ia- D,tha spacing? betun tusn s ahich is
measuss betaueem two centcdes o tha turins
C and ¿t is
* The cicamgedenca oh tha helix is denoted b
easual to D.
* The
pteh anga (s
qien by
=tan
demgth
(he numbeó oh tins danoted by N. Then aial
A NS.
*Length t One Complete tuon is denokd byy L.
*for Ntagns o felra,te total longth a antenna cs
eaunl to Ns, while ciacumfertena eual to 0.
* l4 e unrioll one tugn a baliok on a plane Sodaa,tun
tre cicumkana spacing bekwEn tuns 6), tunn lest
( and pitch ang ) can be eafed to ech othen
Hhdoagh te trarg terminology

C=ND

L =Jstc

lina
*1he piteh angla cs datined as he anga betaea aa
tangental to the helia eoiau and plame nordmal to the
aris o telix.

d= tans
7TD

modes
* cd halicol antenna can cacade cn man
) Noamal ed penpendiular moa
2)cdoal od end die moc
Nodmal moda ord peyggrdiula rade
nordma ors penpendicukan
* The Kodiadion is manimum in o
to the ads o eli hence the mocde is callod noimal od
feiperdiculam mode oy codadion .The. cadaion n the
didation noimal to tha hclix amis Is cirlculany
polanized anue
 * This mode a adiation con be. obtingd it the hel
dimensions ae made veiy Small au Conpanad ot,
Kadi afion Cs NS <<a.
* But with this mode o adialion, he bardocdth ot
arslen ra buenes naMow and the rvadialion eltjciey also
becomes vers dus
* he cadiation paten o a felieal ardenna in a noima
mode is the combnation d to equsalenk cradiation grom
a shoal dipole lomted on the sam hain aris rorn a Snall lso;
which is coaial wh tha ama hai is.This is the condition
obained dod ditervent piteh ag
wben
* When Pdch angu a=0,falix cordfesponds to a dop ard uren
=40, thun ct corddesponds to a linean dipole

X
a)Loop
b)shart dipole
*The tesultant etd icld s&s dapendent on the dalio o
ths dield
sriergty ord the anoplitudes o tha ts componerss
Ahe amplitudes 4 tha componenks achually dapend on pit
A when d is Smdll ,tha ange .

when is
cadiation dorm ha oop is dominant a
lage,fa odialion horg shogt dipole is dominant
* Consided a helix in Sphersical co-dinate sys tem
Considonïng thal the felical antnna is made p o
numbed o Smalt loeps and shozl dipoles
in sert ies Such that lsop diameted equal to
helia diameted
Oand length o shoat dipoe
tuuo helin s. equa to spacin betwem
 Helix axis

Flg. 3.19 Hellcal antenna with spherleal co-ordinates Radialion ptterm

n Momas made

* fas dictd o a small oop Is

2
E ji20T Jsino, A

T]-etancleo) cusent A
-distanca ad a point
o doop =( ó
A- awelength
gar ield od shost dipole

S=dL- lenqth o4 dipole

o tha ellipticad polanization ,ue
(AR)
*<teo To get oal faliomagnitudas a a field dua to shaet
should take akio 'o,
dipole to thad d to tha doup.
AR = \Eo
|E¢|

SA
27A
 Subsituting valuo o A a nÓ
AR = SA =43
2 7T
4

AR = 2SA

Beomes linen
poloni zotionhonizontal polaniz
Condition :when AR =0,ellpBia)
polanization
condition 2 :wbeo AR <, Lineaa verticel
zation
Condition 3 :when AR=t cidwlan polani

Ihas condition dors cid caon polani20tion

AR= | = El 2sA

I.e. E| = |Eo| 24

prtch ergle tod ciócula polanizatio9 cs qeuen by

tlena
Aan )
2À

a)tan S)

cial ort Endfiie. mode. o odiolion

<The helical anteona adicking sield maximum cn th end Sie
didecion te alon hs canis o ha Relis is called amial mode
od end ice mode helical antenna.
* wth the amial mode adiation, ha
eith ciculan ot neanby cid cular. polzoion ot wale cs
 Maximum
radiation

3
TWo Wre
Lransmlsslon
llne
Ground
plano
Outer
conductor Coaxlal
Inner
cable
Fig. Radiatlon pattern of heicat
Conductor nntenna in axlal mode
Muxlrnum
Adlatlon

(5

the
The two parameteg dt belical atenna which decide and
mode o adiation au spacing betuweam tuoo tuins G)
diometer o heli CD†.
* when thuse tuuo pnameter's ann o tha oador o one wuclergh
to achiee axial mode d radiotion.
* <Uhe ama mode s acdiation of the belical antenna is moke
paoduu similan
CnpoRtant because most o tha psactical antenras dicctional bean
adetion pattcrns with tha deatunes like broad and
in aual divection amd minon lobes at obliqys anges.
tha ciacumfena
* Tbis mode is possible n the elial antenna i¢ is selecttd
aaelergts and spacingion lia.
iss
Ppromatel-y equa to l4 ay tauo oirge toansm
VOres yos (2 to i.
* Ford tha aoual moce,the piteh ange
* The oplirmum pith ango
is esiste at the GeDO nt qen cy
* The teminal impedama owerd aancica.
and it becoMas rueactive ad Righey amd
xThe teiminal inpedona gven by
R 140C

* Tn thu anial made, tha anlenna guin and beom uwidth both
depend on tha length ot helia i.e N-s.
 benmucdt% betuem holy pouet pont
HPBW = 52

* becm cuidth eelwon rist ulls

BwFN = l15
NS. depas

Xmanimum directive gain

15 NSC

xcdxal alio (AR) 9iven bg

AR = | t
2N