Semi condusorSamiemdudort arae a el

metal lis batdean the condul

cohose tondueil:
ond tha } on msulatim

ZA clasifiatim Selid in erns ofeleihrica

PTopers
Slids.

(comduclor
Y T
Insulat.
Matals Seroi con dudrs
10 l0 sn 10Sm.
10m f101o m f1o"m
Exomple Sen cm ducdors.
S. G Bcte Samicon ductor,

e1allian orseni di (áaAs).

Tndiun ontimni (TnSb)
Lal sulbhida (Pb).
Gallin on stnda phasphfd GiaAs, Px
Indium 2llium
arsenida (n ka; As)

Mclasiication semtnducts
Senicon duetor. ,

Trdinsie Semicm ducso Exinsic

Semfcndutor,

n-+yp
i
 rinsie.Semi conduedo

Du onatha presence
Chanas CarTiers an-heir
o
m»bile

0
mb;iy dapnds
Punhermel exitotim,

Majmity chorg Camier

eledrrns
hotas(wacan
elrons)
Exapl St,
G rysa
elechrvn

aOK Semiconduc
bahaves iK
4lole
insulat

The voa tan.et of an eleeron ith effr

positiv choro Sama
Ymagnituda of eledrm
isal-dh (2*)
 To set Te m alecdrm rom Covalasnt

bon +ha uirkà omouynt ionisatiom

nea is E
No. r eleermt reed
T m
Covalent,bond a absoluh tempeatur

T)cekr
inse Semiconduetors la m
Sno
Czates hole,
VaCaneyot
dnstolecn ana
elac

n :
hola aual,

A Extrinsic Semicon ductrt

To an inrinsie Semicondusdor, Small

amount o selaetad
impur odoms ara. addad -fre elaetrons
ana holas
a eneratad bexeitalkom omimp urity atoms.

Tha addtion
oa Snall amount o
otomsto a ntinst
somi conductor is talelimpurib
ond tha impuri doping
that îs addad is, callad dopahtY

Th întrnctc. Semi con dutors

dol wih Some
amoun o împuri adoms to ncaosa
tha nD. o
,

charCarriatss calad extrinsie. Samicon

duetors.
Pe Semiwndudor.

wnall
O moun o, Grv alemnts (P. As, sb)
adA to

A D44X :4) nbound

Uhbound
lecron,
t4) 4)

G
donates one
Fentavalnt dopan atoms (Sb,As, P)
exrn elechron-or Con ducn, 4hat hy i is

coulled dono om
Shar Taeleecms Condacion eletsons)
as 9enaratad by hermal exetation as De as
Contribulan -fro donor aton. Bu
holas are genorale

byon thermdl process

no
no.
So
So, no. densi elecorn)>
darnc f helus 7,).

r,mnrtmojoritchanga
ohargacoT
CoTi
RT
Elons
Hslhs
 VAPPp Semicom duedoro
Small G B,Tn) an
addd oS
amont o.
Sa61 Cshal.
lements(A1,

Ge
) DA D

Ok

eleectren
Irivalendepant
to complata tha
atom aceaps one. daliite sa
covalbnt bond, So thera masF ba
Vacaney oelecTons dhich produces no. of holes.

On alcdrn
Trivaln dopont atns (A1,B, In) atcapts
rom naighbousing
-s Call 2 'aceepto atm,
adnn, thoa fs why

oS e So her
os tor

2maTatsd by tn
holos

accaptor atdm.
thamal
oe qeneratad by thmal
Bu 2lechronc
x
ase
itatioe

proces.

Thus,

Her, mojori
minri
chore
chorg
Caryier

Co

f:
Holas

.
Electrms
Ahemndynamic Kladiom

Whan
wWhen elerms and holes are creahd,
ith
tha aledroms and h.les ar ncombine
2nch other.
due
R Combmatiom.roLesshoppend
Colliston batden holds nd alaetroms.

Rote oTLLOmbinaliom o n,
Roh RMh.
Noo,or msinsi semicmduedor,

Rate of

Cmpormg

tSemiSemicnduedor
Aler
n
ombmationR
(1) rn

deping
(2),

n
q1o
oxto n

wha wil bypsemicmdue ter

x102
n- SamicConduetor Simca
he_ .
 A and has ab solia.

Eash otoms hove all lavgls

na1
desinad energy
osso ciatd with ah atom.The energ levels a n
SprHad in various sub enry 1hese n"
e
ene a
en
7 levels

bend
formOContinbus band call

Condueln bamd
Valna Boma
Eneny band -omad bsoriasof ba
.tHahes untlted
en levslš contoñingvalance alloed naraband
elatns is callad valance. is callid.conducHen
band. band.

Fled aih valanc Un fruelorpartfally

elacrnms
fd eltrons.
by Conduetton

Lod aner stat +ah ener Stabz

ELrons mova da Ecrons move into

on valnçe bond
exitotm.
due, hacm ducHon ,banl
due to harmal
to thermal ex eftatfon.

Coneueiom
Band

YUhfetua)
F
Fild)
Valonee
Band
 Condueti

F-Ey.
Valan

Cnduution
bnd
ovrlaptng
Valence

Settyaly
Con duiom
Con
duction

Eg 33e,E Valene
E Nalena Snimducts.
(Insulador)

Th highash enasatAttupil b m
lan in wance ban ao OK-emp
Call m ener level,

apLv
 PositHon o Fermi Fnera Levzl.(Fp-Staksties

Comduein
F
EF
F
Valena
E
Anbrnse) (P-yp) n-).
2
BAn shruedur o Pa
Conductifon
001eV
-F
Ey
Nalen

Ban Struu Pa
ConductHon

F
Valanca