Nera Networks AS

Evolution EDGE
System Description

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Evolution EDGE Native Traffic Mapping
Nera Networks AS

• Base-band frame with minimum overhead

• Ethernet packets and E1-traffic
• If E1 is not used, the frame will only carry Ethernet traffic
• About 5% error-correction is added to the base-band frame
• The base-band frame including error-correction goes then into the ACM-frame
(ACM = Adaptive Coded Modulation) which is transmitted over the air

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 Evolution EDGE Traffic Interfaces
Nera Networks AS

EBUS 1&2 for

interconnection of IFUs
and Ethernet port 4 E1 from 1-20.
2xE1 on each connector
LEDs

GND

Reset

-48V
4 External ODU Coax
ETH 1-3: Alarms inputs Connection
Traffic or NMS configurable

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The IFU is equipped with the following interfaces:

• 20 x E1
• 4 x External Alarm Input
• 3 x FE interface
• 2 x EBUS for interconnection of IFUs
• 1 x ODU interface
• -48V Power
• SD memory card slot (for future use)

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 E1 Interfaces
Nera Networks AS

•The IFU has 20xE1 interfaces as standard. 2xE1 is provided on each

connector (RJ-45). The first E1 on each Rj-45 connector is available using
standard E1 patch cables. The second E1on each RJ-45 connector is
available through a special 2E1-cable. E1 capacity over the link is selectable
from 0-20 x E1.

IFU E1 connector pin out:

Signal Name: Pin No:
E1#1 OUT + 1

E1#1 OUT – 2
E1#2 IN + 3
E1#1 IN + 4
E1#1 IN – 5
E1#2 IN – 6
E1#2 OUT + 7
E1#2 OUT – 8

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E1 Interfaces
Electrical Interface: 20xE1. Interface parameters acc to ITU-T Rec. G.703:
Bit rate: 2.048 Mb/s ± 50 ppm
Line code: HDB3
Impedance: 120 Ω balanced
(240 Ω per IFU in HSB configuration)
Maximum att. of input signal at 1.024 MHz: 6 dB
Connector type: RJ-45, 2xE1 per RJ-45 connector

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Edge Bus (EBUS) Interfaces
Nera Networks AS

• Two EDGE BUSses are available for easy interconnection of traffic between units
(from release R2). EBUS#1 connector is shared with an additional Ethernet port (Eth4)
that may be used for user- or management – traffic by using an appropriate cable. No
traffic/port LED is available for Eth4.
• Max cable length: 10m
• Cable: Patch, twisted pair, 10/100Base-T4 crossover, unshielded Cat 5e

EBUS#1 RJ45 Pin out: EBUS#2 RJ45 Pin out:

Pin No: Descriptions: Pin No: Descriptions:
Signal Name: Signal Name:
EBUS OUT + 1 EBUS OUT + 1
LVDS LVDS
EBUS OUT – 2 EBUS OUT – 2
EBUS IN + 3 EBUS IN + 3
LVDS LVDS
EBUS IN – 6 EBUS IN – 6
Ethernet OUT + 4 not used 4
Ethernet Transmit
Ethernet OUT – 5 not used 5
Ethernet IN + 7 not used 7
Ethernet Receive
Ethernet IN – 8 not used 8

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E1 PDH X-Connect (PXC)
Nera Networks AS

•The IFU contains an embedded 4-port PDH X-Connect (PXC) which is a

licensed feature. All E1s may be cross-connected individually between each of
the four ports. One port goes to the 20xE1 Line Interfaces, one port goes to the
Radio Interface, and the last two ports goes to the EBUS interfaces (EBUS #1
and #2). Each of the four ports can handle up to 20 E1 circuits (4x20E1 non-
blocking cross-connect).

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External Alarm Inputs
Nera Networks AS

• Four independent alarm inputs are provided.

• External relays or opto-couplers may be used to trigger alarm. When the
external relay/opto-coupler is closed/pull to ground, the alarm is activated.
• When external relay/opto-coupler is opened, the voltage at pin 1 will not
exceed -24Vdc.
• Note that the voltage is not an isolated voltage. It is drawn from -48V supply
in the IFU
Alarm Input RJ45 Pin out:

Pin Descriptions:
Signal Name: No:
1
Alarm #1
2 GND
3
Alarm #2
6 GND
4
Alarm #3
5 GND
7
Alarm #4
8 GND

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IFU/ODU Cable Characteristics
Nera Networks AS

• Cable requirements:
• Cable type: Waterproof, double shielded Coax
• Characteristic impedance: 50 ± 3 Ω
• Maximum attenuation at 50 MHz: 6.3 dB
• Maximum DC resistance: 3.75 Ω
• Maximum attenuation at 373 MHz: 30 dB
• Maximum cable length: 200 m
• Connector: TNC, male
IFU
Grounding

Recommended cables:
Cinta CNT 400 (¼″) (Andrew) Reset

Heliax LDF1-50. (¼″) (Andrew)

Cellflex LCF 14-50J(¼″) (RFS)
TNC
Connector LED

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IFU reset button
Nera Networks AS

•A reset button is provided next to the ODU-interface.

The reset button is accessed through a small whole
in the IFU-front and provides functionality to reset the
unit to factory default configuration including the
default IP setting.

•This may be relevant in different situations:

• Re-deployment with new configuration
• IP-address and password are forgotten

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Power Supply and Consumption
Nera Networks AS

• The equipment operates from a battery supply between -40.5 volt and -57
volt.
• The power to the outdoor unit is supplied from the indoor unit via the IFU-
ODU coaxial cable.
• Power consumption in the passive ODU (HSB configuration) is about 12W
lower than the active ODU.

Terminal without interface 7 & 8 GHz 13-38 GHz

(LC) (SP)
Average Maximum Average Maximum

1+0 Terminal 40 W 49 W 48 W 57 W

HSB Terminal 68 W 86 W 84 W 102 W

Unit Power consumption

ODU 7 & 8 GHz 39W

ODU 13-38 GHz 57 W
IFU 10 W

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Ethernet Interfaces
Nera Networks AS

• 4 FE-ports (10/100Base-T)
Eth1-3 + Eth4 embedded in EBUS#1
contact
• Maximum Packet Size: 1632 bytes
• Low latency

• Supported functions in Release 1:

• MAC-switching Ethernet Port 1 to Port 3 pin out:
• Flow Control or QoS
• VLAN switching (SW license) Signal Name: Pin No:
• RMON packet statistics Ethernet OUT + 1
Ethernet OUT - 2
• Functions in Release 2: Ethernet IN + 3
• Ingress rate limiting 4
• Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
5
(RSTP) with Fast Link Shut Down
Ethernet IN - 6
• Functions in Release 3: 7
• Provider Bridge – 802.1ad (QinQ) 8
• Link OAM

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Embedded Ethernet Switch
Nera Networks AS

A 6 port switch is used:

Eth4
SU (EBUS#1 Radio
The switch is connected as follows: Connector)
• 4 user traffic ports:
• 3 with standard cat5 pinning
(Eth1, 2 and 3) and LEDs
• 1 in EBUS#1 connector (Eth4)
• Radio interface
• SU (Management) Ethernet Switch

Eth1 Eth2 Eth3

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Embedded Ethernet Switch
Nera Networks AS

Default configuration: Eth4

SU (EBUS#1 Radio
Connector)

Management Traffic:
• SU-port, Eth1, Eth4 and Radio
separated in one network
(VLAN1). MAC switching
within this network.
Switch
User Traffic:
• Eth2 and Eth3, Eth4 and Radio
in one network domain
(VLANx). MAC switching within
this network.

Eth1 Eth2 Eth3

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Embedded Ethernet Switch
Nera Networks AS

VLAN switch mode:

Eth4
• Untagged ports are tagged with
SU (EBUS#1 Radio
Connector)
port-assigned VLAN-id and
VLAN-priority, and then switched
based on VLAN-id
• Tagged ports are switched
based on existing VLAN-id and
priority
Switch
• SU (management) is an
untagged port and can be
assigned to any VLAN (only one)

Example:
• Eth1 in management VLAN (green)
• Eth2 in management and data VLAN (green & red)
• Radio in management and data VLAN (green & red)
• Eth3 in data VLAN (red)
• Eth4 not used
Eth1 Eth2 Eth3
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Embedded Ethernet Switch
Nera Networks AS

MAC switch mode Eth4

SU (EBUS#1 Radio
configuration:
Connector)

Management Traffic and User

traffic:
• No traffic separation
between management
traffic and user traffic. Switch
Traffic is switched based
on MAC-addresses only

Eth1 Eth2 Eth3

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IFU LEDs
Nera Networks AS

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Adaptive and Fixed Modulation
Capacity & Bandwidth Nera Networks AS

• Fixed or adaptive modulation is selectable in RF-channels of 7, 14 or 28 MHz

bandwidths. Changes and upgrades can be done by the user without HW changes of
the basic platform.
• In adaptive modulation mode, the radio will select the highest possible throughput
based on received signal quality. If the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or
interference, the radio will change to a more robust modulation and link throughput is
consequently reduced. When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically
increased and link throughput is restored to the original setting. The throughput
changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).
• During a period of reduced throughput, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS
- and E1 priority - settings. In case of congestion, Ethernet traffic with lowest priority is
dropped. E1 capacity is fixed per modulation state based on the E1 priority setting

User Traffic vs. channel BW

Modulation 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz

4QAM (no license) 10.5 Mb/s (0-5 E1) 21 Mb/s (0-10 E1) 44 Mb/s (0-20 E1)

16QAM (license) 21 Mb/s (0-10 E1) 44 Mb/s (0-20 E1) 89 Mb/s (0-20 E1)

32QAM (license) 27 Mb/s (0-13 E1) 56 Mb/s (0-20 E1) 111 Mb/s (0-20 E1)

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Adaptive Modulation Mode – switching levels
Nera Networks AS

•Modulation is switched based on SNR–measurements on the receive side.

Switching to lower modulation is done at BER 10-12 threshold (about 4 dB
above BER 10-6 threshold). Hysteresis is 1dB.

• 32 state switching to 16 state @ SNR 25 dB

• 16 state switching to 32 state @ SNR 26 dB
• 16 state switching to 4 state @ SNR 21 dB
• 4 state switching to 16 state @ SNR 22 dB

Input Code modulate demodulate decode Output

data bits SNR data bits

Coded modulation Coded

bits symbols bits

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Adaptive Modulation support
Nera Networks AS

• Demand for increased link capacity

• Increased modulation with less link margin
• Adaptive modulation helps protecting critical traffic
• System continuously monitors the link transmission conditions
• Hitless modulation change with deteriorating or improving margin
• Traffic is continuously prioritised, when congestion occur traffic with low
priority will be discarded

32QAM 32QAM
Lowest priority E1s 16QAM 16QAM
Lower priority E1s 4QAM
High priority E1s
High priority Ethernet packets
Medium priority Ethernet packets
Lower priority Ethernet packets
Lowest priority Ethernet packets

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Adaptive Modulation
Nera Networks AS

• Demand for increased link capacity

• Increased modulation with less link margin
• Adaptive modulation helps protecting critical traffic
• System continuously monitors the link transmission conditions
• Hitless modulation change with deteriorating or improving margin
• Traffic is continuously prioritised, when congestion occur traffic with low
priority will be discarded

32QAM 32QAM
16QAM 16QAM
Lowest priority E1s 4QAM
Lower priority E1s
High priority E1s

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Adaptive Modulation - Features
Nera Networks AS

• At start up the most robust modulation is used (4QAM)

• Modulation may change (up or down) based on measured SNR from the
far-end terminal
• Change of modulation is done hitless with no errors (error-less/hitless
modulation change)
• During signal degrade, ATPC will regulate until its max value, then ACM
will start to regulate the modulation down
• ATPC and ACM for each direction runs independently of each other

32QAM 32QAM
16QAM 16QAM
Lowest priority E1s 4QAM
Lower priority E1s
High priority E1s

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Adaptive Modulation – E1 priority
Nera Networks AS

• Each enabled E1 can be allocated priority from high to low

• High priority E1s will always be transmitted
• Lowest priority E1s will be skipped when switching one modulation
level down
• Second lowest priority E1 will be skipped when switching second
modulation level
• Ethernet traffic is always using remaining link capacity
• Ethernet traffic priority (QoS) is independent of E1 traffic priority

32QAM 32QAM
16QAM 16QAM
Lowest priority E1s 4QAM
Lower priority E1s
High priority E1s

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E1 priority: Example 1
Nera Networks AS

•If you configure 2 E1’s with highest

priority using 7 MHz channel the total
capacity is like the table under, and 4
Mb/s will be reserved for the 2 E1’s inn all
modulations

Modulation 7 MHz E1 Capacity Ethernet capacity

4QAM (no license) 10.5 Mb/s (0-5 E1) 4 Mb/s 6.5 Mb/s

16QAM 21 Mb/s (0-10 E1) 4 Mb/s 17 Mb/s

32QAM 27 Mb/s (0-13 E1) 4 Mb/s 23 Mb/s

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E1 priority: Example 2
Nera Networks AS

•If you configure 2 E1’s with lowest priority

using 7 MHz channel the total capacity is
like the table under, and 4 Mb/s will be
reserved for the 2 E1’s only in 32 QAM

Modulation 7 MHz E1 Capacity Ethernet capacity

4QAM (no license) 10.5 Mb/s (0-5 E1) 0 Mb/s 10.5 Mb/s

16QAM 21 Mb/s (0-10 E1) 0 Mb/s 21 Mb/s

32QAM 27 Mb/s (0-13 E1) 4 Mb/s 23 Mb/s

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