Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nm M T
δ km = ∑ ∫ Nk ⋅ ⋅ ds + ∑ ∫ Mk ⋅ m ⋅ ds + ∑ ∫ Tk ⋅ μ ⋅ m ⋅ ds
i E ⋅F i E⋅J i G⋅A
51
Збирка решени задачи
Mm
δ km = ∑ ∫ Mk ⋅ ⋅ ds
i E⋅J
M0
Δ k 0 = ∑ ∫ Mk ⋅ ⋅ ds
i E⋅J
Nm
δ km = ∑ ∫ Nk ⋅ ⋅ ds
i E ⋅F
• Определување на реакциите и статичките големини на
статички неопределените конструкции
По решавање на условните равенки, се добиваат непознатите
сили X1, X2, … X3 кои претставуваат реакции во прекубројните
врски. Вредностите на реакциите и статичките големини на
статички неопределените конструкции се определува со
суперпозиција на влијанијата од силите во прекубројните врски
и надворешниот товар на ОСОС. Во општ случај, равенката за
определување на реакциите и статичките големини гласи:
S = S 0 + S1 ⋅ X1 + S 2 ⋅ X 2 + K + S n ⋅ X n
52
Теорија на конструкции
3. Метод на сили
Задача 3.1
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
15 kN/m’
1 2 30/60 B
2
40 kN
30/30
2 4
- геометриски карактеристики:
53
Збирка решени задачи
15 kN/m’
X1
1 2 30/60 B
X2 2
40 kN
3 30/30
2
2 4
X1 = 1,0; X2 = 0
X1=1,0
1 2 B
3 M1
+ 2
4,0
1,0 4,0
A
2 4
54
Теорија на конструкции
X1 = 0; X2 = 1,0
4,0
1 2 + B
4,0 2
X2=1,0
3 M2
+ 2
4,0
A 1,0 4,0
2 4
од надворешен товар
120,0
30,0
-
1 2 B
90,0
Mp
-
2
170,0
170,0 A 90,0
2 4
3. Условни равенки
δ11 ⋅ X1 + δ12 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 1p = 0
δ 21 ⋅ X1 + δ 22 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 2p = 0
55
Збирка решени задачи
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 170,667
3
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ12 = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 256,0
2
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ 21 = E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ12 = 256,0
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ 22 = 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 + ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 = 533,333
3
120,0 120,0
= -
15 ⋅ 4 2
= 30 kNm
8
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = − ⋅ [4,0 ⋅ (2 ⋅ 170,0 + 90,0 ) + 2,0 ⋅ (170,0 + 2 ⋅ 90,0 )] ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 −
6
1
− ⋅ 2,0 ⋅ 90,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 = −7893,333
2
1 1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 2p = − ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ (170,0 + 90,0 ) ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 − 4,0 ⋅ 90,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 − ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 120,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 +
2 3
1
+ ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 30,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 = −14560,0
3
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ X1 + M2 ⋅ X 2
56
Теорија на конструкции
47,144
30,0
-
B
1 17,144 - 2
10,87
2
3 + 20,712
Mдеф
2
- A
21,432
2 4
Задача 3.2
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
10 kN/m’
1 40/60 2
40/40
40/40
A B 50 kN
57
Збирка решени задачи
- геометриски карактеристики:
10 kN/m’
1 40/60 2
40/40
40/40
4
A B 50 kN
X1
5
X1 = 1,0
5,0
1 + 2
5,0
4
+ M1
5,0
A B
5,0
1,0 X1=1,0
5
58
Теорија на конструкции
од надворешен товар
325,0
- 200,0
1 2
-
-
4
Mp
125,0
A B
125,0
50,0
5
3. Условна равенка
δ11 ⋅ X1 + Δ 1p = 0
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = 5,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3,38 + ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 = 379,667
3
1 ⎡1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = − ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ (125,0 + 325,0) ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3,38 − ⎢ ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ (2 ⋅ 325,0 + 200,0) ⋅ 5,0 −
2 ⎣6
1 ⎤
− ⋅ 31,25 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0⎥ = −18491,25
3 ⎦
325,0 325,0
200,0 325,0
= -
262,5
10 ⋅ 5 2
= 31,25 kNm
8
59
Збирка решени задачи
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ x 1
81,48
200,0
-
- 1 2
-
Mдеф 4
+
A B
118,52
5
60
Теорија на конструкции
Задача 3.3
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
15 kN/m’ 60 kN
1 30/60 2 3
30/30
30/30
3
A B
4 1
- геометриски карактеристики:
15 kN/m’ 60 kN
1 30/60 2 3
30/30
30/30
A B X2
X1
4
61
Збирка решени задачи
X1 = 1,0; X2 = 0
4,0
4,0 + 2 3
+ 3
M1
4,0
B
4,0
A 1,0 X1=1,0
4
X1 =0; X2 = 1,0
3,0 - 3,0
1 2 3
- -
3
M2
1,0 B
4,0
A X2=1,0
4
од надворешен товар
487,5 67,5
-
1 2 3
- 3
487,5 Mp
A B
487,5
135,0
4
62
Теорија на конструкции
3. Условни равенки
δ11 ⋅ X1 + δ12 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 1p = 0
δ 21 ⋅ X1 + δ 22 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 2p = 0
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 + 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8,0 = 405,33
3
1 1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ12 = − ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8,0 − ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 = −168,0
2 2
⎛1 ⎞
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ 22 = 2 × ⎜ ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8,0 + 3,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 ⎟ = 180,0
⎝3 ⎠
487,5
67,5 420,0
67,5 67,5
= - +
15 ⋅ 4 2
= 30,0 kNm
8
⎡1 1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = −4,0 ⋅ 487,5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8,0 − ⎢ ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 420,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 + ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 30,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 −
⎣3 3
1 ⎤
− ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 67,5 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0⎥ = −49420,0
2 ⎦
1 ⎡1 2
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 2p = ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 487,5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8,0 + ⎢ ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 420,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 − ⋅ 30,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 +
2 ⎣2 3
+ 3,0 ⋅ 67,5 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 1,0] = 20640,0
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ X1 + M2 ⋅ X 2
63
Збирка решени задачи
2,12
-
4,26
1 2 3
+ +
3
Mдеф
- A B
2,14
Задача 3.4
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
15 kN/m’
1 2 30/60 3 30/60 4
2
50 kN
30/30
30/30
30/30
5
2
A B C
1 5 5
64
Теорија на конструкции
- геометриски карактеристики:
15 kN/m’
1 2 30/60 3 30/60 4
2
50 kN
30/30
30/30
30/30
5
2
A B C
X1 X2
1 5 5
X1 = 1,0; X2 = 0
5,0 10,0
+ 4
1 2 3
2
M1 + 5
2
10,0
A B 10,0
C
X1=1,0 1,0
1 5 5
65
Збирка решени задачи
X1 = 0; X2 = 1,0
5,0
+ 4
1 2 3
2
M2 + 5
2
5,0
A B 5,0
C
X2=1,0 1,0
1 5 5
од надворешен товар
270,0
7,5 - - 720,0
1 2 3 4
720,0
5
Mp
-
820,0
A B
50,0 C 820,0
90,0
1 5 5
3. Условни равенки
δ11 ⋅ X1 + δ12 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 1p = 0
δ 21 ⋅ X1 + δ 22 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 2p = 0
66
Теорија на конструкции
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = ⋅ 10,0 ⋅ 10,0 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 1,0 + 10,0 ⋅ 10,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 3533,33
3
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ12 = ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ (5,0 + 2 ⋅ 10,0) ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 + 10,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 1704,17
6
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ 22 = ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 + 5,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 841,67
3
270,0 270,0
7,5 7,5
= -
15 ⋅ 5 2
= 46,88 kNm
8
⎡1 1 ⎤
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = − ⎢ ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ (7,5 + 2 ⋅ 270,0 ⋅ 5 + ⋅ 46,88 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5⎥ ⋅ 1,0 −
⎣ 6 2 ⎦
1
− ⋅ [5 ⋅ (2 ⋅ 270,0 + 720,0) + 10,0 ⋅ (270,0 + 2 ⋅ 720,0)] ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 −
6
1
− 10,0 ⋅ 720,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 − ⋅ 10,0 ⋅ (720,0 + 820,0) ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 = −259790,58
2
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 2p = − ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ (270,0 + 2 ⋅ 720,0) ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 − 5,0 ⋅ 720,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 −
6
1
− ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ (720,0 + 820,0) ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 = −126325,0
2
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ X1 + M2 ⋅ X 2
67
Збирка решени задачи
M A = MB = 0 kNm
MC = −820,0 + 10,0 ⋅ 48,47 + 5,0 ⋅ 51,94 = −75,60 kNm
M1 = 0 kNm
M 2 = −7,5 kNm
M3 = −270,0 + 5 ⋅ 48,47 = −27,65 kNm
M 4 = −720,0 + 10,0 ⋅ 48,47 + 5,0 ⋅ 51,94 = 24,40 kNm
M5 = −720,0 + 10 ⋅ 48,47 + 5,0 ⋅ 51,94 = 24,40 kNm
27,65
7,5 - 4
1 2 3 24,40
+
+
29,37
Mдеф
24,40
5
A B -
C 75,60
1 5 5
Задача 3.5
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
10 kN/m’
1 30/60 B
30 kN
30/30
68
Теорија на конструкции
- геометриски карактеристики:
10 kN/m’
X2
1 30/60
X1
30 kN
30/30
X1 = 1,0; X2 = 0
B
1 +
3,0 X1=1,0
+ M1 4
3,0
A 3,0
1,0
69
Збирка решени задачи
X1 = 0; X2 = 1,0
B
1
X2=1,0
M2 4
4,0 +
A 4,0
1,0
3
од надворешен товар
45,0 B
1
Mp 4
-
105,0
A
105,0 30,0
30,0
3
3. Условни равенки
δ11 ⋅ X1 + δ12 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 1p = 0
δ 21 ⋅ X1 + δ 22 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 2p = 0
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 1,0 + 3,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 297,0
3
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ12 = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 192,0
2
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ 22 = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 170,67
3
70
Теорија на конструкции
45,0 45,0
= -
10 ⋅ 3 2
= 11,25 kNm
8
⎡1 1 ⎤
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = − ⎢ ⋅ 30,0 ⋅ 45,0 ⋅ 3 − ⋅ 11,25 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 3⎥ ⋅ 1,0 − 3,0 ⋅ 45,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 −
⎣ 6 3 ⎦
1
− ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ (105,0 + 45,0) ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 = −5861,25
2
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 2p = − ⋅ [4,0 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ 105,0 + 45,0) + 2,0 ⋅ (105,0 + 2 ⋅ 45,0)] ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 = −4480,0
6
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ X1 + M2 ⋅ X 2
14,58 -
1 + B
5,18
+ 4
15,106
Mдеф
A
15,208
3
71
Збирка решени задачи
Задача 3.6
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
20 kN/m’
40 kN
1 30/60 2
30/30
30/30
4
A B
- геометриски карактеристики:
20 kN/m’
40 kN
1 30/60 2
30/30
30/30
A B
X2
X1
5
72
Теорија на конструкции
X1 = 1,0; X2 = 0
1
+ 2
5,0
+ 4
M1
5,0
A 5,0 B
1,0
X1=1,0
5
X1 = 0; X2 = 1,0
4,0 - 4,0
1 2 -
4
M2
A B
1,0 X2=1,0
5
73
Збирка решени задачи
од надворешен товар
250,0 -
1 2
4
Mp
-
410,0
B
410,0 A 40,0
100,0
5
3. Условни равенки
δ11 ⋅ X1 + δ12 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 1p = 0
δ 21 ⋅ X1 + δ 22 ⋅ X 2 + Δ 2p = 0
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 + 5,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = 841,667
3
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ12 = − ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 = −370,0
2
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ 22 = 2 ⋅ ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 + 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 1,0 = 421,333
3
250,0 250,0
= -
20 ⋅ 5 2
= 62,5 kNm
8
74
Теорија на конструкции
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = ⎢− ⋅ 250,0 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5 + ⋅ 62,5 ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ 5⎥ ⋅ 1,0 −
⎣ 3 3 ⎦
1
− ⋅ 5,0 ⋅ ( 410,0 + 250,0) ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 = −54362,5
2
1 ⎡1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 2p = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ ( 410,0 + 2 ⋅ 250,0) ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8,0 + ⎢ ⋅ 250,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 5 −
6 ⎣2
2 ⎤
− ⋅ 62,5 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 5⎥ ⋅ 1,0 = 21080,0
3 ⎦
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ X1 + M2 ⋅ X 2
53,314 43,576
1
2 -
+
4
Mдеф
- A B
63,11
5
75
Збирка решени задачи
Задача 3.7
Со помош на методот на сили да се определи дијаграмот на нападни
моменти од надворешен товар, за носачот прикажан на сликата.
10 kN/m’
40 kN
A 30/60 G 1
30/30
2
B
4 2
- геометриски карактеристики:
10 kN/m’
40 kN
A 30/60 G 1
30/30
B X1
4 2
76
Теорија на конструкции
X1 = 1,0
- 2,0
A
G 1 -
4,0 + 1,0
2
M1
1,0 4,0
B X1=1,0
1,0
4 2
од надворешен товар
80,0
A - 5,0
30,0 G 1
80,0
40,0 2
Mp
4 2
3. Условна равенка
δ11 ⋅ X1 + Δ 1p = 0
1 1 1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ δ11 = ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 + ⋅ 2,0 ⋅ 2,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1,0 + ⋅ 2,0 ⋅ 2,0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8,0 = 45,333
3 3 3
1
E ⋅ Jc ⋅ Δ 1p = − ⋅ 80,0 ⋅ 4,0 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1,0 = 320,0
4
77
Збирка решени задачи
M = Mp + M1 ⋅ X1 + M2 ⋅ X 2
51,76
A - 14,12
2,06 G 1 -
51,76
2
Mдеф
B
4 2
78