BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

Water Treatment Processes and Plant Design Home-take Exam (50%)

Examiner: Dagnachew Aklog (Dr.), Date: Hamle 29, 2012 E.C, Time alloted: 4 hours

A conventional surface water treatment plant is to be designed to serve a

population of 300,000 with maximum daily demand of 100 liters per capita.
Perform the following design calculations for this treatment plant.

Q1. A rectangular bar screen is to be designed for the treatment plant with the following
assumptions:
 Maximum velocity in the approach channel = 0.6m/s
 Depth to width ratio of the approach channel = 1.5
 Angle of inclination of the screen = 60o
 Opening between bars = 30mm; thickness of each bar = 10mm
Determine:
A. Cross-sectional area of the approach channel, Ac
B. Length and width of the screen, Ls and Lw (Note: width of screen = width of
approach channel)
C. Number of bars in the screen, Nb

Q2. A coagulation chamber with two circular units (two equal size flash mixers) is to be designed
for the treatment plant with the following assumptions:
 Detention time in the flash mixer = 1min
 Depth of flash mixer tank = 3m
 Alum is to be used as coagulant and its best dosage as indicated by jar test = 15mg/L
Determine:
A. Volume and diameter of each flash mixer
B. The amount of alum (in kg) required per day for the coagulation process
C. The amount of CO2 released per day from the coagulation process.
The chemical reaction of alum is given by:
Al2(SO4)3.18H2O + 3Ca(HCO3) 2  2Al(OH) 3 + 3CaSO4 + 6CO2 +18H2O

Water Treatment Processes and Plant Design – WSSE 6302

 Water Treatment Processes and Plant Design Home-take Exam (50%)

Q3. A flocculation chamber with six square tanks (3 tanks in

a row with rapid, medium and slow mixing) arranged as
shown in this figure is to be designed. If detention time in
the flocculation chamber is 30min and depth of each tank
is 4m, determine:
A. Total volume of the flocculation chamber
B. Width of each square tank

Q4. A sedimentation tank with four equal sized circular clarifiers is to be designed. Determine
diameter of the tanks assuming that detention time in the sedimentation tank is 2.5 hours
and depth of tanks is 3m.

Q5. A rapid sand filter is to be designed for the treatment plant. Determine the approximate
number of filter units and cross-sectional area of each filter unit assuming that the rate of
filtration (or flow) is 6 m3 /m2/hr.

Q6. Calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2 powder with 65% available chlorine is to be used for
disinfection at the treatment plant. If the water sample is tested and found to have a chlorine
demand of 2.2 mg/L, calculate the amount of calcium hypochlorite (in kg) that will be needed
in a day to disinfect the water.

Water Treatment Processes and Plant Design – WSSE 6302