THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-2 5 -26
9.1 2. 2.2 8.
25 9 27 9

KEY GROUPS OF ELEMENTS

1 2
-

-
H He
2 . 20
0. 2 5

0. 31
HYDROGEN Atomic (proton) Number helium
1.008 4.003
13 9 Melting point (˚C) Boiling point (˚C) s-block elements 23 8
12 0.0 each s sub-shell contains up to 2 electrons 1s 72 0 .1
-2 5
9.1 2.
25 9
2s 2p
13 4 297 392 4 02 -19 -18 -18 -2 4
0.0 8.8 9 .7 8 .6

-
0. 5
p-block elements
87 1 76 27 5

H
7 0 7 7 .8 3 .0 8 .1 6.
18 12 each p sub-shell contains up to 6 electrons 20 35 21 21 21 24 0
3s 3p 3d

2 .20
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-
-

-
Li Be B C N O F Ne

0. 2 5
Atomic radius (Å) Electronegativity (Pauling)
Empirical radius, or calculated HYDROGEN d-block elements

2 . 55

3.4 4
2 .0 4

3.98
0.98

3 .0 4
1 . 57

0. 38
0. 85

0. 50
1. 4 5

0.65

0.60
1. 0 5

0 .7 0
where empirical unavailable 1.008 4s 4p 4d 4f
each d sub-shell contains up to 10 electrons
Lithium BERYLLIUM 13 Boron carbon NITROGEN oxygen fluorine neon
12 9
6.941 9.012 .0 0.0 5s 5p 5d 5f 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
52 4 89 5 f-block elements 80 6 10 6 14 5 13 3 16 20 0
0. 2 9. 5 0.6 0
0. 5 1. 8 First ionisation energy (kJ/mol) Density (g/cm3) each f sub-shell contains up to 14 electrons
6s 6p 6d 2 .4 87 2.2 02 1. 2 14 1. 4 81 1.7 81 0. 9
g/L at 0˚C for gases,
indicated with grey text
882 10 9 Order of filling of orbitals is shown to the right 7s 7p 2 47 326 277 444 -34 -18
.7 9 .9 0.0 0
Relative Atomic Mass 0. 3 0 14 5 .15 .0 . 30 .6 1. 5 .0 9. 3 5 .8
97 65 For radioactive elements, the mass of the 66 14 44 95 10 4 18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-
Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
most stable isotope is given in brackets

Mg

2 . 58
1. 9 0
0.93

1. 31

1 . 61
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2 .19

3 .16
Sections are greyed out if that property is not known for a particular element

1. 2 5
1. 8 0

1. 5 0

1. 0 0

1. 0 0

1. 0 0

0 .7 1
1.10
SODIUM MAGNESIUM Aluminium silicon PHOSPHORUS sulfur chlorine argon
22.990 24.305 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.065 35.453 39.948
49 73 57 78 10 99 12 15
5.8 0. 97 7. 7 1. 74 7. 5 2. 70 6.5 2. 33 12 1. 82 9.6 1. 96 51 3. 21 21 1.7
8

759 14 8 283 328 340 248 206 286 2 92 27 3 256 9 07 240 283 61 4 685 00 58. -15
. 50 .0 42
.0
4 41 6 68 7 10 7 07 2 46 1 38 1 95 7 55 0 85 2 9. 5 .0 .7 6 0 38
.3
3 7.0 .0 1.0 .0 3 80 7. 4 3 .4
63 15 16 19 19 12 15 14 14 10 41 29 81 22 7. 15

9
8

-
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

-
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

2 . 55

2 .96
0. 82

1. 3 6

1. 5 4

2 .01

3 .0 0
1. 5 5

1. 8 3

1. 8 8

1. 9 0
1. 0 0

1. 6 3

1. 6 6

1. 9 1

1. 8 1
1. 6 5

2 .18
2 . 20

1. 2 5

0. 88
1. 4 0

1. 3 5

1. 4 0

1. 4 0

1. 4 0

1. 3 5

1. 3 5

1. 3 5

1. 3 5

1. 3 0
1. 8 0

1. 6 0

1.15

1.15

1.15
Potassium calcium Scandium Titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt Nickel Copper zinc Gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.382 69.723 72.640 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798
41 6 58 63 9 65 65 65 71 76 76 0 73 1 74 2 90 57 0 76 2 94 94 2 11 13
8.8 9. 8 5 8.8 1 0.9 1 2.9 4 7. 3 7 2.5 7 0.4 5.5 6.4 4 8.8 2.2 4.5 3 2 5
0. 8 1. 5 3 .1 2 .9 4.5 6 .1 7.1 7. 4 7. 8 8.9 7.1 8.9 8.9 7.1 5. 9 5. 3 5.7 1.0 4.8 40 3 .1 51 3 .7

688 13 8 293 4 37 474 463 4 26 415 369 296 2 21 767 207 260 16 3 988 18 4 -10
. 30 .0 7.0 2 26 0 55 7 77 4 23 9 57 5 34 0 64 5 55 3 1. 8 0 1.1 .0 6 .6 2 1. 9 2 0.6 5 9. 5 .0 3 .7 .3 1. 8 8 .1
39 77 15 18 24 26 21 23 19 15 96 32 15 23 63 44 11 11

-
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

2 . 20

2 . 28

2 . 20

2 .0 5

2 .6 6

2 .60
0. 82

1. 2 2

1. 3 3
0.95

1. 9 0

1. 9 6
1. 6 0

1. 9 3

1. 6 9

1 .7 8
2 .16

2 .10
2 . 35

2 .0 0

1. 3 5

1. 3 0

1. 3 5

1. 4 0

1. 4 0

1. 4 0
1. 4 5

1. 4 5

1. 4 5

1. 4 5
1. 8 0

1. 5 5

1. 5 5

1. 5 5
1. 6 0

1. 0 8
RUBIDIUM Strontium yttrium ziRconium NIOBIUM molybdenum Technetium ruthenium Rhodium Palladium SILVER Cadmium Indium Tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.468 87.620 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.951 (97.907) 101.072 102.906 106.421 107.868 112.414 114.818 118.711 121.760 127.603 126.904 131.294
40 54 59 64 65 68 70 71 71 80 73 86 55 70 83 86 10 11
3.0 53 9. 5 63 9.9 47 0 .1 51 2 .1 57 4.3 28 2.4 49 0. 2 37 9.7 45 4.4 02 1.0 49 7. 8 65 8.3 31 8.6 31 0.6 69 9. 3 24 94 0
1. 2. 4. 6. 8. 10
. 11 . 12
.
12
.
12
.
10
. 8. 7. 7. 6. 6. 08 4. 70 5. 9

671 16 4 460 545 593 559 501 413 382 297 356 14 7 174 15 6 962 3 37 - 61
8.
50 .0 7.0 0 33 3 17 8 22 0 86 6 33 2 46 0 6 8
5 64 0 .83 .7 4 .0 3 7. 5 9 1. 5 4 4 .0 .0 2 .0 .0 .0 0 .7
72 22 30 34 31 30 24 17 10 38 30 32 27 25 30 71 0
2

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

-
Hg

-
Cs Ba E57-71 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
2 . 36

2 . 20

2 . 20

2 . 28

2 .54

2 . 33

2 . 20
2 .0 0

2 .0 0
0. 89

1. 3 0

2 .02
1. 5 0

1. 9 0

1. 6 2
0 .7 9
2 .60

1. 3 5

1. 3 5

1. 3 0

1. 3 5

1. 3 5

1. 3 5

1. 2 0
1. 4 5
1. 5 5

1. 5 0

1. 9 0

1. 8 0

1. 9 0
1. 6 0
2 .15

CAESIUM Barium Hafnium tantalum Tungsten Rhenium osmium iridium Platinum gold Mercury Thallium lead Bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.905 137.328 178.492 180.948 183.841 186.207 190.233 192.217 195.084 196.967 200.592 204.383 207.210 208.980 (208.982) (209.987) (222.018)
37 8 50 1 65 1 72 5 75 5 75 2 81 1 86 5 86 9 89 2 10 3 58 5 71 4 70 81 0 93 10
8 3
5 .7 1. 8 2.9 3.5 8.5
1 3. 3 8.4
1 6.6 8.8
19.
2 5.8
2 1. 0 4.2
2 2 .6 5. 2
2 2.6 4.4
2 1.0 0 .1
19.
3 07 1 3.5 9. 4
11 .
8 5.6
11 .
3 3.0 9.7 2 .1 9. 2 0 .1 37 9.7

67 7 17 3
.0 0 .0 6 .0 7
27 69
106 111

Sg Rg Og
87 88 104 105 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra E89-103 Rf Db Bh Hs Mt Ds Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts
0.9 0
0 .7 0

2 .15

FRANCIUM RADIUM Rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium Darmstadtium ROENTGENIUM copernicIum NIHONIUM flerovium MOSCOVIUM Livermorium TENNESSINE OGANESSON
(223.020) (226.025) (261.109) (262.114) (266.122) (264.120) (277.000) (268.139) (281.000) (280.000) (285.000) (286.000) (289.000) (289.000) (293.000) (294.000) (294.000)
39 7 50 0 57
3.0 1. 8 9. 3 5. 5 8.9

346 344 3 13 307 300 19 0 15 2 300 3 12 256 260 286 17 3 119 340
0.0 4 5 .0 3 5 .0 0 24 4 42 0 72 0 6 .0 9 12 0 56 3 07 7 61 0 29 8 45 0 4 .0 6 52 2
92 79 93 10 10 10 82 13 13 14 14 15 15 82 16
66

Dy
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 70 71

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

1. 2 4
1. 2 0

1. 2 0

1. 2 2

1. 2 5
1. 2 3

1. 2 7
1.10

1.10

1.10
1.13

1.13
1.12

1.14

1.17
1. 8 5

1. 8 5

1. 8 5

1. 8 5

1. 8 5

1. 8 5

1. 8 0
1. 9 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5
lanthanum Cerium praseodymium Neodymium prometheum samarium europium gadolinium terbium Dysprosium holmium erbium thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
138.905 140.116 140.908 144.242 (144.000) 150.362 151.964 157.253 158.925 162.500 164.930 167.259 168.934 173.054 174.967
53 53 9 52 0 53 53 54 54 4 59 56 2 57 5 58 58 59 2 60 7 52 4
5 4.4 1 8.6 6 4.5 5 3.4 0 5.8 3.0 1.0 9 9. 3 7 6 .7 3.4 3.5
8 .1 6 .1 6.6 8 .1 6.4 3 .1 7. 0 7. 2 7. 3 7.1 5. 2 7. 9 8. 2 8.5 8 .7 9. 0 9. 3 6.5 9. 8

3 19 47 8 4 02 413 .0 400 322 260 311

50 8 5 5
8 68 7 3 5
1 44 0 9. 4 8 76 7 40 0 6 .0 0.0 0.0 27 7.0 7.0 27
10 17 15 11 63 11 13 98 90 86 15 82 82 16
6

Np
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
1. 3 0

1. 3 8

1. 3 6

1. 2 8

1. 2 8

1. 3 0

1. 3 0

1. 3 0

1. 3 0

1. 3 0

1. 3 0
1. 5 0
1.10

1.13
1. 8 0

1. 8 0
1. 9 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

1 .7 5

actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium Lawrencium
(227.028) (232.038) (231.036) (238.029) (237.048) (244.064) (243.061) (247.070) (247.070) (251.080) 252.083 (257.095) (258.098) (259.101) (262.110)
49 60 56 7 59 60 0 58 57 0 57 59 5 60 61 62 63 64 47
8.8 .0
7
8.5 72 8.3 .3 7. 6 .1
0
4.5 .2 1. 4 81 6.4 .0 8 .1 .5
1
8.0 .2 6 .1 .1
0
9. 4 4 7. 2 4.9 1.6 2.8
10 11 . 15 19 20 19. 12 13 13 15 8.8

NOTES: For elements with more than one allotrope, the properties of the most common allotrope are given. Different allotropes may have differing melting points, boiling points, and densities.

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