University of Duhok

College of Engineering
Surveying Department

Quantity Surveying

Q. S. Scheduling and Calculating

©2018
Yousif Y. Zaia
 The University of
Duhok
Surveying Engineering

Bill of Quantity (BOQ)

 A bill of quantity gives the quantities and descriptions of the work and
the required materials

 The main principle of bill of quantities should be simple, understandable,

including all required works

Therefore;
A bill of quantity is a document used in tendering in the construction
industry in which materials, parts, and labour (and their costs) are itemised.
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Surveying Engineering

 It details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract

and itemises all work to enable contractor to price the work for which he
or she can bid.

Preparing bill of quantity

 Bills of quantities are prepared by quantity surveyors and building

estimators
 Bills of quantities are prepared by a “taking off”……
 Similar types of work are then brought together under one item, a
process known as "abstracting"
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W.R. Engineering
The University of
Duhok
W.R. Engineering
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General Principles of Quantity Surveying Duhok

Surveying Engineering

1- Pipes and air ducts will be measured on the basis of center line
length.

2- Arrangement of the calculations will be as follows: (length, width,

height or thickness).

3- When calculating the quantity of any item in area, their thicknesses

must be mentioned.

4- When calculating the quantity of any item in length their cross-

sections, shapes or circumferences of the materials should be mentioned.
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Surveying Engineering
5- For the pipes their diameters should be mentioned whether they are
internal or external diameters.

6- The items which will be measured in lump sum or numbers must give
sufficient information.

7- Quantity of some special materials calculated due to the instructions

given by the manufacture.

8- The quantities of the items should be taken as real quantities and the
fractions less than 0.5 should be omitted and more than 0.5 should be
replaced by 1.0.

9- If the quantity of any item becomes zero, that item should be taken in
number and referring to its size or weight.
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General Notes Duhok
Surveying Engineering

Earth Works (Excavation & Filling):-

 Earthworks mean (excavation, treating the soil, filling and excavating

in water site).
 Excavation means excavating and treating the soil by using little and
removing the extra soil outside.
 The quantities used for excavation are net quantity.
 Excavation in rock area calculated separately.
 Excavation under W.T scheduled additional item.
 Bracing earth work included the price of excavation.
 Removing of general Shallow water included into the cost of the
excavation.
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Surveying Engineering
Concrete Works

 Reinforced concrete calculated separately from plain, D.P.C. concrete.

 Volume of reinforcement and steel section will not be subtracted from
the total concrete item.
 Opening more than 0.10 m3 and 0.10m2 will be subtracted.
 The rate of items will include (opening, holes…etc).
 Beams calculated to the soffit of the slab and between columns.
 Columns calculated from the top of the slab to the bottom of the upper
slab.
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Surveying Engineering

Steel Bars (Reinforcement)

When calculating the weight of the reinforcement the net weight will be

taken without adding for chairs, connection wires, … etc.

Forms
 The price of the forms includes making opens, tapers, projections, …etc.

 The forms for curved and inclined surfaces calculated separately.

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Surveying Engineering

Steel Works

 Works which use (bolts, welding and pressing) will be calculated separately.
 Weight of the steel is the net weight.
 The rate of item includes making opens, tapers and projections for service
works.
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Surveying Engineering
Wall Works
The rate of the building walls includes:-
 Closing the end of cavity walls.
 Installation of ( doors, windows) frames and others.
 Building lintels (steel sections) over openings.
 Pointing and jointing.
 Making openings for service works.
 Curved and inclined walls will be calculated or scheduled separately.
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Surveying Engineering

Wood Works
 All wood works are in final dimensions (after treating) unless otherwise
reversed.
 It must specify whether the wood is special wood and protected until
finishing with Varnish paints.
 The treated wood must be calculated separately than untreated
 Rate of wood works includes (inclined cuts or circular, openings, bolts,
Nails, bracings, cramps, etc.
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Surveying Engineering
Doors and Windows

Doors
 Frame, girders, beams, corner frames, glasses and paints will be mentioned
in specifying the item.
 Vision panels must be mentioned when describing the item and its
dimensions and type of glass must be mentioned also.
 Switches and hinges must be mentioned with their types.

Windows
When specifying this item the followings must be mentioned:-
(Insect screens, glasses, paints, stiles, frames, handles, hinges, … etc.).
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Surveying Engineering
Painting and Finishing Works

 The covered surface should be calculated without adding any quantity for
overlaps.
 Curved surfaces will be calculated separately.
 Internal and external works should be separated.
 The works around the service pipes, electrical circuits, …etc. will include
the rate of the item.
 The openings less than 0.5 m2 will not be subtracted.
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Surveying Engineering

TYPES OF ESTIMATION

There are two main types of estimation:

1- Rough cost estimation (Approximate).

2- Detailed estimation.
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DETAILED ESTIMATION Surveying Engineering

 Detailed estimates are prepared carefully and separately calculating

in detail the costs of various items of the work that constitute the
whole project from the detailed working drawings after the design
has been finalised.

 The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost estimate are eliminated in the
detailed estimate.

 Detailed estimates are submitted to the competent authorities for

obtaining technical sanction.
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Surveying Engineering

 The whole project is sub-divided into different items of work or activities.

The quantity for each item is then calculated separately from the drawings
as accurately as possible. The procedure is known as "taking out of
quantities".

 A percentage, is also provided on the total estimated cost for the work to
allow for the possible contingencies due to unforeseen items or
expenditure or other causes, besides establishment charges.
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Surveying Engineering

 The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are taken out from

the working drawings (plans, elevations and sections).

 Junctions of walls, corners and the meeting points of walls require special

attention.

 For symmetrical footings, which is the usual case, earthwork in excavation

in foundations, foundation concrete, brickwork in foundation and plinth,

and brickwork in superstructure may be estimated by either of the three
methods:
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METHODS OF DETAILED ESTIMATE Surveying Engineering

(1) Center Line Method

(2) Separate or Individual Wall Method

(3) Partly Center-line and Partly Individual Wall Method

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Surveying Engineering

1) Center Line Method

 Calculate the length of walls from center to center for all walls (long
& short) for the same type of the footing & walls.

 This method is usually used for a simple geometric shape buildings

like (straight wall, square, rectangular, circular, triangle, trapezoidal,
polygon …etc.
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Surveying Engineering

Example 1:
Determine the volume of the excavation for the wall shown in
figure.
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Example 2: Surveying Engineering

Calculate the quantity of the excavation for the wall shown in

figure.
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𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 Surveying Engineering

𝐿 = 5 − 0.3 + 3 − 0.3
𝐿 = 7.4𝑚
𝐵 = 0.6
𝐻 = 0.6
𝑉 =𝐿∗𝐵∗𝐻
𝑉 = 2.67𝑚3
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Surveying Engineering
Example 3:
Calculate the quantity of the items (excavation, broken stone, reinforced
concrete, building by concrete block under D.P.C. & building by concrete
block above D.P.C. & plain concrete for D.P.C.).
Notes
 Using building concrete
 block (40*20*15)cm
 Wall thickness 20cm
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Surveying Engineering
 The University of
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Surveying Engineering

Description Unit No. Length Width Height Quantity Notes

m m m

1 Excavation of 𝑚3 1 18.8 0.6 0.8 9.024

footing
2 Broken stone 𝑚2 1 18.8 0.6 0.1 11.28
3 R.C.C ( footing ) 𝑚3 1 18.8 0.6 0.4 4.512
4 Building under 𝑚3 1 18.8 0.4 1.0 7.52
D.P.C.
5 Plain concrete 𝑚2 1 17.8 0.2 0.1 3.76 Or in
D.P.C. 𝑚3 , 𝑚. 𝑙
6 Building over 𝑚2 1 18.8 0.2 3.0 44.24
D.P.C.
7 R.C.C (lintels) 𝑚3 1 6.2 0.2 0.3 0.372
8 R.C.C (beams) 𝑚3 1 18.8 0.2 0.3 1.128
9 R.C.C (slab) 𝑚3 1 6.6 5.6 0.15 5.544
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Example 4: Surveying Engineering

Estimate the quantity of the items (excavation, broken stone, reinforced

concrete, building by concrete block under D.P.C. & building by concrete
block above D.P.C. & plain concrete for D.P.C. Plastering with mix design
1:3 and RCC for slab).
Notes
 Using building concrete
 block (40*20*15)cm
 Wall thickness 20cm
 W1= 2.0*2.0 m
 D1= 1*2.30m
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Surveying Engineering
 The University of
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2) Separate or Individual Walls Method Surveying Engineering

 The walls running in one direction are termed as "long walls” and the
walls running in the transverse direction, as "Short walls", without
keeping in mind which wall is lesser in length and which wall is greater
in length.

 Lengths of long walls are measured or found "Out-to out" and those of
short walls as "In-to-in".

 Different quantities are calculated by multiplying the length by the

breadth and the height of the wall.

 The same rule applies to the excavation in foundation, to concrete bed in

foundation, D.P.C., masonry in foundation and super structure etc.
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Surveying Engineering
Example 5:
Solve previous example using individual walls method.
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Surveying Engineering
 The University of
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Surveying Engineering