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Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 1
Introduction to Sets
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Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 1
Introduction to Sets
Introductory Message
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Table of Contents
Lesson 1 ---------------------- 5
What’s In ---------------------- 5
What’s New ---------------------- 6
What is It ---------------------- 8
What’s More ---------------------- 11
Lesson 2 ---------------------- 12
This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Sets. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many ways. The
language recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Based on the competency, this module is crafted to help the students illustrate
well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, the cardinality of sets, union, and
the intersection of two sets and difference of two sets (M7NS-Ia-1).
1
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of your answer and write
it in your Mathematics notebook.
1. Which of the following is a well – defined set?
A. The set of happy people.
B. The set of good teachers.
C. The set of enjoyable subjects.
D. The set of Philippine Presidents.
2. Which of the following is an INFINITE set?
A. {a,b,c,d,e}
B. {2,4,6, 8,…,800}
C. (xIx is an integer between -60 and 60}.
D. {xIx is a whole number greater than 20}
3. How many subsets will the set below have?
T = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday}
A. 5 B. 10 C. 32 D. 64
4. What do you call a set that contains no element?
A. Subset C. Universal Set
B. Superset D. Empty or Null Set
5. What is the cardinality of P = the set of English names for the months of the
year?
A. 4 B. 8 C. 12 D. 24
6. Which of the following is NOT a subset to given set M = {1, 2}?
A. { } B. {0} C. {1} D. {1, 2}
7. How will you write the given set below in roster method?
H = { xIx is a counting number between 7 and 10 }
A. {8, 9} C. {6, 7, 8, 9}
B. {7, 8, 9} D. {7, 8, 9, 10}
2
8. What is the equivalent set builder form of the given set below?
D = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A. {xIx is an odd number less than 11}
B. {xIx is a whole number less than 11}
C. {xIx is an even number less than 11}
D. {xIx is a counting number less than 11}
9. Which of the following statements below is NOT correct?
A. {2} ⊆ {2, 4, 6}
B. {7} ⊂ {1, 3, 5, 7}
C. {a, b, c, d} ⊂ {a, b, c, d}
D. {2, 4, 6} ⊂ {1, 2, 3, 4, …}
10. What are the elements of the given set below?
F = {x I x > 7, x is an odd number}
A. {9, 11, 13, 15, …}
B. {8, 10, 12, 14, …}
C. {7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, …}
D. {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …}
11. How many subsets does the set containing 10 elements have?
A. 128 B. 256 C. 512 D. 1,024
12. Which of the following statements below is NOT correct?
A. b ∈ {a, b, c, d, e, f}
B. h ∈ {a, b, c, d, e, f}
C. Cagayan River ∈ {rivers in the Philippines}
D. Mickey Mouse ∈ {characters created by Walt Disney}
13. How will you write the given set below in the verbal method?
P = {Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune }
A. Set P is the set of stars in Earth’s solar system.
B. Set P is the set of planets in Earth’s solar system.
C. Set P is the set of comets in Earth’s solar system.
D. Set P is the set of meteorites in Earth’s solar system.
14. What is the symbol used for the universal set?
A. ∈ B. ⊆ C. U D. ⊂
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A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
4
Set is one of the most fundamental concepts in Mathematics. The set theory
which was developed in the 19th century is now a common part of Mathematics and
can be used as a foundation from which nearly all Mathematical concepts can be
derived.
What’s In
a. What comes into your mind when you hear about the following words?
1. library
2. Kpop
3. social media
b. Can you think of your examples of a group and its members? The first one
has been done for you. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.
Group’s Name Group’s Members
1. Flowers Gumamela, Kalachuci,
Rose, Sampaguita
2.
3.
What’s New
5
Let’s Do It This Way:
b. Copy and fill in the table below by writing the name of the objects in the
appropriate column.
What is a Set?
Math concept Description Examples
Characteristic of a set collection or group of Well- defined:
objects A set of
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Philippine
it is well-defined
Presidents
Not well-defined:
The set of all
large numbers.
The set of good
writers.
The set of nice
people in your
class.
R = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }
P = { +, - , ×, ÷ }
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x’s such that x is a
Rule Method an object is an
counting number less
element of the set
than 5”.
rather than the
The vertical bar ( ) after
actual elements.
the first x is translated
as
“such that”.
2. B= {x l x is a letter in the
word “Philippines”}
3. C= {x I x is a positive
multiple of 5}
4. D= {x I x is a mobile phone}
What’s More
a. Copy and fill in the table below with the correct translation of the given
description of sets.
10
Set R is a set whose R= {x I x, x is an even R= {2, 4, 6, 8}
elements are even positive integer less
positive integers than ten}
less than ten
1. W= {x I x, x is a 2.
counting number
between 2 and 15}
3. 4. P= {Cory Aquino,
Gloria Arroyo}
Great job! You did well in writing sets in different ways. Now you are ready for the
next lesson.
Kinds of Sets
Lesson Notations & Symbols
2 How to Solve for Subsets and Venn
Diagram
What’s New
11
What is It
Kinds of Sets
Kinds of Sets Description Examples
1. Finite Sets Sets with a defined number of 1. A = {a, b, c, d, e }
elements.
A defined number of elements Elements are
countable.
means that it is countable, or
we can count the number of 2. L = {0, 1, 2, 3}
elements.
Kinds of Sets
Kinds of Sets Description Examples
2. Infinite sets Sets with an infinite number of 1. V = {2, 4, 6, 8, …}
elements.
An infinite number of elements There are more even
numbers that follows
means that the number of after 8 like 10, 12, 14
and so on.
elements cannot be counted.
The ellipsis (…) is being added
to indicate that there are more
elements of the same kind that 2. H = {x I x > 0}
E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9}
2. A = {a, b, c, d, e}
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and B = {a, e, i, o, u}
No Common Element
2. C = {2, 4, 6, 8} and
D = {1, 3, 5, 7 }
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Set A contains 5 Notations and Symbols
n(A) = 5.
elements.
Symbols Meaning Example How to Read
∈ Element If A = {5, 10, 15, 20} 5∈A
then “5 is an element
Element means
of A”
that it belongs to 5 ∈ A, 10 ∈ A, 15 ∈ A,
a given set or 20 ∈ A.
member of a
set.
∉ Not an element If A = {5, 10, 15, 20} a∉A
then “a is not
an element of A”
∉ A, and 7 ∉ A.
Cardinality of A A = {a, e, i, o, u}, n(A) = 5
n(A)
“The cardinality
The number of of set A is 5.”
elements in the
set
B = {m, a, t, h}
Two sets that Both sets contain Set A is
contain the four elements. equivalent to
same number set B.
of elements.
Equal Sets C = {a, e, i, o, u} and C=D
=
D = {e, o, i, u, a}
Two sets that Sets C and D Set C is equal
contain the contain the same to set D.
same elements.
elements.
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Notations and Symbols
A ⊂BSymbols Meaning Example How To Read
A⊄D
CA ⊈⊆BB ⊆ A⊆B
Subset 1.{ 9,14,28 } ⊆ { 9,14,28 }
Every element
2. If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, …}
in A is also an A is a
and B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … },
element in B. then A ⊆ B. subset
of B.
⊈ Not a Subset If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and A⊈B
B = {a, b, c, d},
There is at Set A is a
Each element in A is
proper
least one
also an element in B. subset
element in B to set B.
There is at least one
not included
element in B not
in A.
contained in A and
that element is “d”.
⊄ Not a Proper C = {1, 2, 3 } and D C ⊄D
Subset = { 1, 2, 3}
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∅ or { } Empty set or Null M={ } Set M is an empty
set set or null set.
A set with no
element
U Universal Set U Universal Set
Did you understand the topic “Notations and Symbols in Sets”? If not, go
back to this topic and read it again because you will need it in the next topic.
If yes, then it’s time to move to our next topic which is “How to Solve for
Subsets and Venn Diagram”.
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{2} {1, 3}
Every set is
An empty set {3} {2, 3} a subset of
is a subset of itself.
all sets.
Venn Diagram
Meaning Representation Explanation
These are diagrams All elements
that make use of in A and B
geometric shapes to are contained
show relationships in the
between sets. universal set.
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It is very useful in Sets A and B
showing the are disjoint
relationship between sets.
sets.
What’s More
Let’s Find Out: Finite or Infinite, Set Notations and Symbols, Cardinality of
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a. This exercise is divided into three parts. Answer what is asked.
I. State whether the given set is FINITE or INFINITE. The first one is done for you.
{2, 4, 6, 8, … 20} - FINITE
1. {0}
2. {3, 5, 7, … }
3. {x I x is a prime number}
4. Set of fractions between 1 and 2.
5. {x I x is a whole number greater than 100}
II. Supply the appropriate set notation and symbol to make the statement correct.
Choose from the given choices besides the given. The first one is done for you.
5 __ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ∈ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
5 __
1. {o, n, e} __ {n, e, o} Answer
∈ ¿ ≈
2. {2, 4} __ {2, 4, 6} ∈ ⊆ ¿
3. red __ {pink, green, purple} ⊆ ¿ ∉
4. {a, b, c, d} __ {a, b, c, d} ∉ ⊆ ⊂
5. {1, 2, 3} __ {a, e, i } ∈ ¿ ≈
III. Identify the cardinality of the given set below and list its subsets. The first one is
done for you.
M = {1, 2}
Cardinality: n(M ) = 2
Subsets: 2n = 22 = 4
The complete list of subsets: { }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 1, 2 }
1. Y = {a, e, i}
2. G = {x I x is a whole number between 7 and 12 }
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Activity 5: Complete Me!
What I Can Do
a. Apart from their Mathematical usage, we use sets in our daily life.
b. Give three (3) everyday life examples of sets and explain briefly why you
give such an example.
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d. The first given below is your guide.
1.
2.
3.
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write the answer in
your Mathematics notebook.
1. Which of the following is a well – defined set?
A. The set of big people.
B. The set of happy people.
C. The set of prime numbers.
D. The set of intelligent teachers.
2. Which of the following is a FINITE set?
A. {3, 5, 7, …}
B. {… , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 }
C. Set of prime numbers.
D. Set of fractions between 1 and 12.
3. Which of the following pairs of sets given below are equal?
A. Y = {a, b, c}
Z = {7, 9, 10}
B. T = {algebra, geometry, trigonometry}
V = {geometry, trigonometry, algebra}
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C. W = {grapes, apples, oranges}
X = {grapes, peaches, apples, oranges}
D. R is the set of letters in the world bank.
S is the set of letters in the word post.
4. How will you write the given set below in the roster form?
P is the set of vowels used in the word “MONDAY”.
A. {o, a} C. {m, n, d, y}
B. {o, a, y} D. {m, o, n, d, a, y}
5. What is the cardinality of P = the set of English names for the days in a week?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
6. How will you express the given set below in the verbal method?
M = {January, June, July}
A. M is the set of months of the year.
B. M is the set of the first three months of the year.
C. M is the set of months of the year that has a holiday.
D. M is the set of months of the year that starts with letter J.
7. Which of the following pairs of sets given below are NOT equivalent?
A. Y = {a, b, c}
Z = {7, 9, 10}
B. T = {algebra, geometry, trigonometry}
V = {geometry, trigonometry, algebra}
C. W = {grapes, apples, oranges}
X = {grapes, peaches, apples, oranges}
D. R is the set of letters in the word bank.
S is the set of letters in the word post.
8. If F = {1,3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 }, then which of the following is a subset of F?
A. {0} C. {2, 3, 4, 5}
B. {2, 4} D. {1, 9, 5, 13}
9. Which of the following statements below is CORRECT?
A. Quadrilateral ⊆ Polygon
B. Even Numbers ⊆ Odd Numbers
C. Whole Numbers ⊆ Natural Numbers
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D. Natural Numbers ⊈ Whole Numbers
10. What does the given statement below mean?
K={}
A. Set K has one element.
B. Set K has infinite elements
C. The cardinality of set K is zero.
D. Set K contains all the elements under consideration.
11. What is the cardinality of A = { 5, 6, 3, 2, 3 }?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
12. If P = {p I p is a prime number less than 10 }, then what are the possible
elements of P?
A. {2, 3, 5, 7} C. {2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B. {1, 2, 3, 5, 7} D. {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
13. If M represents the set of even numbers, then which of the following is
CORRECT?
A. { } ⊆ M C. { 1, 3 } ⊆ M
B. 200 ∉ M D. {2, 4, 5 } ⊂ M
14. What is an example of disjoint sets?
A. E = {even numbers} and F = {odd numbers}
B. G = {multiples of five} and H = {multiples of ten}
C. C = {even numbers} and D = {multiples of nine}
D. A = {multiples of two} and B = {multiples of three}
15. How many subsets does the set containing 10 elements have?
A. 128 C. 512
B. 256 D. 1,024
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Additional Activity
b. Make a research of two (2) personalities who has a collection and answer
the following questions below.
c. You may do it through the internet, or you may interview someone in your
neighborhood.
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Answer Key
Presidents in the
Philippines.
4. P = { x I x is a female
President }
5. V = { x I x is a color of
the rainbow }
6. V = { red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo,
violet }
What I Know
1. D. 11. D.
2. D. 12. B
3. C. 13. B.
4. D. 14. C.
5. C 15. B.
6. B
7. A
8. B. 25
9. C.
10. A
Answer Key
4. A 14. A. Builder
3. Equivalent
5. C. 15. D.
4. Equal
6. D.
5. Proper Subset
7. C.
6. Universal Set
8. D
7. Finite Sets
9. A 8. Roster Method
10. C. 9. Null or Empty Set
10. Verbal Method
Lesson 2:
What’s More (Activity 4 )
I. 1. Finite III. 1. n( Y ) = 3
2. Infinite No. of Subsets: 8
3. Infinite { }, { a }, { e }
4. Finite { i }, { a, e }, { a, i },
5. Infinite { i, e }, { a, i, e }
II. 1. = 2. n(G) = 4
2. ⊆ Subsets: { }, { 8 }, { 9 },
3. ∉ { 10 }, { 11 }, { 8, 9 }
4. ⊂ { 8, 10 }, { 8, 11 },
5. ≈ 26 { 9, 10 }, { 9, 11 },
{ 10, 11 }, { 8, 9, 10 },
{ 8, 9, 11 },
References
BOOKS:
Von Anthony G. Toro, et.al. Smart in Math( Grade 7 ). ISA – JECHO PUBLISHING
INC. 2017, pp. 2 – 9.
Gina Guerra and Catherine P. Vistro – Yu, Ed.D. Grade 7 Math Learning Guide.
Department of Education (2013). pp. 1 – 5.
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