Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Presented to:
BOAC, MARINDUQUE
By:
Ruth P. Larraquel
Jenny M. Tatierra
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
INTRODUCTION
For several years, teaching strategies has been developed into simple way to a more complex one
where the focus shifted from the teachers as the source of knowledge to the students as the focus of
learning. (Pana and Escarlos, 2017). Moreover, in the era of teaching pedagogy, teachers are challenge to
uplift new methods and strategies that will answer the raising needs of the students. (Pana and Escarlos,
2017).
As cited in the study of (Pana and Escarlos, 2017) before the integration of the teaching methods,
the attitudes towards learning in Araling Panlipunan of the both students who belong to the Contemporary
Methods of Teaching (CTS) and Non-Contemporary Methods of Teaching group was moderately
positive. On the other hand, after integration of the strategies, the attitude of the students who belong to
the contemporary teaching strategies (CTS) group was positive with while Non-Contemporary teaching
strategies group was still moderately positive (Pana and Escarlos, 2017). Furthermore, the level of
academic performance of the students in both CTS and NCTS group before the integration of the
strategies were all classified as beginning while after the integration of the strategies, the level of
academic performance in Araling Panlipunan of the both students in the CTS group was developing while
in NCTS was still classified as beginning. (Pana and Escarlos. Lastly, the researcher finds out that there
was a significant difference in the level of attitude towards learning, level of academic performance and
the level of acquisition of the 21 st century skills between the CTS and NCTS group before and after the
use of strategies. (Pana and Escarlos, 2017).
In this research, we intend to find if there is really an impact of contemporary method of teaching
rather than non-contemporary method of teaching on student’s academic performance or not. Institutions
nowadays are focusing more on using variety of teaching methods to enhance the interest of the students
in class which ultimately results in high academic performance of the students. Our research would also
try to find out what contemporary methods of teaching are suitable in uplifting the academic performance
of the students in Balanacan National High School specifically of the Junior High School Students.
Students of today’s generation wanted their lifestyle easy specifically when it comes to their students.
They get easily bored when the strategies used by the teachers cannot satisfy them well. For this reason,
this study aims to investigate the effects of contemporary teaching methods rather than non-contemporary
methods. This study aims to answer these questions:
a. What are the effects of contemporary methods of teaching in improving the academic
performance of the Junior High School Students?
b. What are the contemporary methods of teaching are applied in Junior High School in
Balanacan National High School?
c. What contemporary methods of teaching are suitable in uplifting the student’s academic
performance?
d. What is the ideal contemporary methods of teaching where students in Balanacan National
High School easily understand the lesson?
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
e. Do students easily learn and understand the lesson when teachers use contemporary methods
of teaching?
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
effective way of teaching. I hope to day bare gifts of creative teaching as the others before me. The ideas
are limitless! (Creecy, 2016).
Contemporary teaching is the best implementation of knowledge actions which draws students
experience in the class. The effects of contemporary teaching methods are very complex. Over the years,
a teacher will add his or her own boom or style in order to taught students. The prologue of contemporary
teaching methods gives a teacher even more options the only risk is that contemporary methods are
lauded so much that teachers are not allowable to use traditional or more regimented teaching methods.
Basically, the effects of contemporary teaching methods are harmful to the student’s future.
Contemporary teaching is best defined as the implementation of learning activities which draw
upon students' experiences, both in and out of the classroom, thus helping them to recognize that they are
developing specific skills which they perceive to be significant for the world outside of school as they see
it ( )
If we are to generalize about the world of the students we observe in secondary schools, it would
probably consist mainly of television, rock music, junk food, and hanging out with their friends. School
and home activities would often be relegated to the category of "necessary but unimportant” by many. If
we can find ways to make school somehow seem more part of "real life," we can enjoy increased
motivation and greater learning in our classes. The term "contemporary learning" is used to represent a
wide variety of teaching elements intended to bring the modern world into the classroom. This approach
has four fundamental characteristics: ( ).
1. Integrated SKILL learning
2. PERSONALIZATION
3. Learner INVOLVEMENT
4. Immediate FEEDBACK.
Millennials
There are generalizations about each generation that members of the generation love and loathe.
The same is true for Millennials who have been studied in depth. 2 Strauss and Howe define the millennial
generation as those born in or after 1982 through the early 2000s.3Millennials, the largest U.S. population,
are the most college educated and ethnically diverse.4When thinking about their positive attributes.
Millennials are confident 5team players and rule followers who are optimistic about the future. 6Yet, they
face heavy criticism for their selfishness and sense of entitlement.7Because generations receive praise for
their positive attributes after reaching adulthood, we are not likely to realize or fully appreciate Millennial
contributions to society until they are past their prime. 8For those who are tasked with educating
Millennials, understanding more about the experiences that have shaped who they are will aid teachers in
facilitating their learning. While many experiences shape who they are, this article focuses on the key
experiences that shape Millennials’ “generational learning style”9 and the experiences that are most
meaningful as we consider formative assessment and implementation of ABA Standard 314. In a
nutshell, Millennials learn best when law teachers set high standards, 10 learning is multifaceted,
meaningful feedback is provided often, and learning is active.11 An exploration of Millennial experiences
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
like the self-esteem movement, helicopter parents, the internet and technology and the No Child Left
Behind Act help better understand who Millennials are and provide support for why Millennials learn the
way they do (Allen and Jackson,2017).
Teaching
Although the term “teaching” is well-known in the field of educational science, most teachers and
performers of lesson curricula are not familiar with its accurate learning and nature. Their various
inferences from the concept of teaching may influence, positively or negatively, their approach to
students and the way they work. Multiple inferences from the concept may have a variety of reasons the
most important of which is the weakness of base knowledge and differences in interpretation and
incorrect understanding of teachers from various educational approaches. Sometimes, confusion in
understanding educational concepts is to the extent that many experts, teachers and university students of
the field imagine concepts such as training, education and vocation training as same. The concepts may
have many common aspects but are essentially independent and have their own meanings. Teaching
includes an interaction between teacher and student based on regular and targeted plans of the former to
change behaviors of the latter. Teaching involves concepts such as approaches, attitudes, beliefs, habits
and manners and, generally, all changes to be made in students (Mirza Mohammadi, 2004).
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
3. Personal comparison: In this step, a student puts himself in the place of that concept
and expresses his own feelings and this is usually done through personification. Of
course, this comparison is performed according to previous direct comparison.
4. Compact contradiction: Here, students benefit from those personal and direct
comparisons in which contradictory concepts are used. Gordon believes that compact
contradiction is the best way to help expanding learners’ insight and their mind
flexibility.
5. In this step, another direct comparison is performed based previous steps.
6. Students return to the considered concept by teacher’s guidance and evaluate it based
on performed comparisons. In this step, most students try to write a composition on the
subject (Ahadian Aghazadeh, 1999).
c. Problem Solving
This is another participatory teaching method. Although many scholars recognize this method as
compatible with the individual pattern, but experience showed that it is more effective in group format
than individual one (Parsons et al,2006). Problem solving is defined as “a process to discover the
sequence of ways ending in a goal or solution”. Hence, it should be noticed that only the answer, but the
way to reach it is great importance in the process of problem solving.
Two points are highly significant in this method:
1. Students’ past experiences and providing conditions to recall them.
2. Reaching a solution which already unknown for the person (Safavi, 2003)
d. Indirect-consultancy method
Learning through consultancy is also known as indirect learning. Thus, the method is considered as a
teaching method in which thoughts of Carl Rogers, the founder of special consultancy method, are
expressed as effective learning guidelines. What is presented in the consultancy techniques and
philosophy of Rogers covers and supports indirect teaching method (considered as a teaching pattern).
One of the most important implications of indirect or consultancy teaching is in a highly “dormant”
classroom in which the teacher tries to motivate students through drills and presenting lessons. This
pattern emphasizes friendly relationships between teacher and learner and the former tries to help the
latter and to play his own role in educational guidance. As facilitator and learning manager, the teacher
tries in the classroom to present basis information and moves learners toward problem solving
(Aghazadeh, 2009)
e. Role Play
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
Role play is a teaching method used to imagine subjects and lessons proper for a play or
performance. In this method, an individual (or a group of individuals) act as a short play ( Safavi,
2003). Role play, with the meaning employed here, does not require certain artistic skills such as
acting in cinema or theater and teacher uses it as a method based on the situation, goal and
considered subject (Shabani, 2003) to develop learners’ personal and social character. If stuents
acquire life skills, they live successfully in their whole life. In this method, students selects roles
based on their interests and play it through supervision of teacher and coordination of classmates. In
this way, social regulations are taught in a better manner and this leads to efficient learning since
students analyze social norms while recognizing them. They also may stabilize their approach and
establish a type of humanistic and emotional relationship with others while playing their roles (Fazli
Khani, 2003)
f. Scientific trip
Nowadays, not only school and classroom but also environment other than these are considered as
educational places. Fazli Khani (2003) believes that today’s community expects students acquire their
main experiences and information from environments outside the school since they lack the opportunity
of gaining personal and first-handed experience inside the school because of limitations of format school
education and teachers may provide students with the chance to gain sciences of this era by taking them
out of school.
Scientific trip enables students to obtain a scientific experience by observing the nature, events,
activities, objects and people (Khorshidi, 2002). Scientific trip or experimental activity out of the school
is a practical task performed outside the classroom, laboratory or library and includes direct study of an
issue, collecting information through observation, questionnaire, interview, sampling and other research
techniques and these help hypothesis validation, change recognition and accuracy of conditions and
status. (Safavi, 2003).
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
4- Coordination in inquiry enhances thinking richness and helps students in rethinking on the essence
of methods.
In the process of inquiry-based teaching concepts should presented in a manner that students
do not neglect them. Having faced a problem, they ask questions from their teacher and he (she) has to
avoid giving descriptive answers. Teacher must give "yes" or "no" answers. In this case, students must be
told not to ask explanations of concepts and first try to search and organize information (Ghorchian,
1993).
h. Computer-based teaching
Some of experts in the field of education refer to learning as "construction" and chose those
teaching tools and activities which provide students with the opportunity to generate knowledge. Polen
(1992) suggested that experts have to consider some features while selecting an educational tool. An
instrument or tool should be selected that encourages and supports the whole learning, reduces some
problems and helps in learning those sections the learner may not manage alone. Electronic technologies
are an inseparable part of structuralism-based teaching methods and function as the main change factor in
the classroom, the most vital transformation place (Zofan, 2007). Computer is a practical and
experimental tool used by both students and teachers based on various teaching and learning strategies.
Computer based teaching is an educational status in which the teacher is mainly in charge of providing
and controlling teaching activities through a direct link between students and computers. In this method,
study progress is controlled by a machine and those students are allowed to progress that have learned
something in that step. Therefore, there are computers with preplanned educational programs and the
learner perceives and learns educational matter through these machines (Shabani, 2003).
Studies were conducted to determine the student’s academic performance in Social studies
as well as to determine affecting factors that made significant impact in increasing the student’s
Academic Performance in Social Studies. Several interventions were used to improve student’s
academic performance in Social Studies. Several researches were done to find out more reliable
and essential interventions on improving student’s academic performance. The following
researches proved essential impact for several interventions integrated on developing student’s
academic performance in Social Studies. Factors affecting student’s performance in Social Studies
has been presented in the study of Marione (2015) where he presented that non-availability of
laboratory affected their teaching on Social Studies. It was also the opinion of the respondents that
field trip was important to the teaching of Social Studies as well as importance of teaching aids in
Social Studies. In addition, the claim of Okon and Archibong (2014) provided that students who
perceived their teacher’s attitude as positive performs better than those who perceived their
teacher’s attitude as negative. Student’s interest and teacher factors had also played important role
on the student’s academic performance in Social Studies. This has been projected on the study of
Ekpenyong (2015), which revealed that student’s interest in social studies significantly relate to
their academic achievement in the subject. This research pointed the importance of the teacher as
facilitator and the ultimate key that affects student’s academic performance. Fan (2016) also added
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
that peer group influence on increasing student’s academic performance thus the finding instructs
parents, guardians and caregivers to keep close watch on the companies their children and wards
keep as such surely impact significantly on the academic performances of the affected children
Okon and Archibong (2015) relate the academic performance of the student’s in Social Studies the
type of school where they belong. Research finding shows that students in private secondary
schools performed better in Social Studies than those in public schools. Factors affecting student’s
academic performance in Social Studies does not only limit to student’s attitude, lack equipment
and absence of learning activities somehow it is affected by the teacher’s attitude towards teaching
the subject. On another study conducted by Okon and Archibong (2014) it was revealed that
teachers with positive attitude toward social studies, the students performed better than those who
perceived the same teacher’s attitude as negative. The study of Udoukpong (2012) revealed that
student’s academic performance in social studies summative evaluation differed significantly on
the basis of their ratings of teacher’s instructional practices and interpersonal relationships
respectively. Another factor is the period of the study habits that affects the academic performance
of students in Social Studies. This was proven on the study of Ukpong and Geore (2013) where it
revealed that academic performance of the long study time behavior of students were significantly
different from that of their short study time counterparts.
Teaching in classroom using chalk and talk is “one way flow” of information.
SENDER (TEACHER) RECEIVER (STUDENT)
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
Teachers often continuously talk for an hour without knowing students response and feedback.
The material presented is only based on lecturer notes and textbooks.
Teaching and learning are concentrated on “plug and play” method rather than practical aspects.
The handwriting of the lecturer decides the fate of the subject.
There is insufficient interaction with students in classroom.
More emphasis has been given on theory without any practical and real life time situations.
Learning from memorization but not understanding.
Marks rather than result oriented.
Innovative tools
A. Multimedia learning process “I hear and I forget. I see and I believe. I do and I understand”. -
Confucius
Multimedia is the combination of various digital media types such as text, images, audio and
video, into an integrated multi-sensory interactive application or presentation to convey information to an
audience. Traditional educational approaches have resulted in a mismatch between what is taught to the
students and what the industry needs. As such, many institutions are moving towards problem based
learning as a solution to producing graduates who are creative; think critically and analytically, to solve
problems. In this paper, we focus on using multimedia technology as an innovative teaching and learning
strategy in a problem-based learning environment by giving the students a multimedia project to train
them in this skill set. Currently, many institutions are moving towards problem-based learning. Currently,
many institutions are moving towards problem-based learning as a solution to producing graduates who
are creative and can think critically, analytically, and solve problems. Since knowledge is no longer an
end but a means to creating better problem solvers and encourage lifelong learning. Problem-based
learning is becoming increasingly popular in educational institutions as a tool to address the inadequacies
of traditional teaching. Since these traditional approaches do not encourage students to question what they
have learnt or to associate with previously acquired knowledge (Teo & Wong, 2000), problem-based
learning is seen as an innovative measure to encourage students to learn how to learn via real-life
problems (Boud & Feletti, 1999).
B. Mnemonics words- words –words approach:
Here the teacher is not supposed to talk on a particular concept for a quite long time. But to make it clear
to the students he can just go on saying mnemonics or its associated meaning in words. Here he goes on
saying only words instead of sentence, and once they come to a basic understanding of the meaning of a
particular concept then the teacher will explain in sentences. For example in teaching language courses
this technique can be used as an effective medium by the teacher to develop word power.
C. Role playing and scenario analysis based teaching
Role playing and scenario analysis is mostly used in organizations that try to analyze a problem
pertaining to the organization. This kind of practice can be tried in other specialization like science.
Science courses have practical but in support of those practical if students are given a scenario and other
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
options to solve a particular issue, then the students are exposed to decision making in a given
environment. For example, in teaching about pollution can be explained by role playing technique.
Causes and effects can be given to students and asked them to assume the role of citizen. Here the real
problems are made by the student and this is more practical approach to teaching where theory is
supplemented by proper practical knowledge.
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
METHODOLOGY
The present study is an applied research performed through descriptive method and is research of
descriptive – survey type. Further, since results may be practically used, it is an applied case study.
Inferential statistics was used for data analysis. The study was conducted at Balanacan National High
School located at Mogpog, Marinduque. Key participants in purpose sampling consists of three teachers
with a teaching experience of 20 years above, three teachers with a teaching experience of five years and
below and thirty students of Grade 7 section Platinum of Balanacan National High School.
The researchers used various instruments in the study. The first instrument is a self- assessment
behavioral checklist designed to know the contemporary methods of teaching used by teachers. The
second is questionnaire to determine the best contemporary method teaching where students in Balanacan
National High School easily understand the lesson based from their experiences. Third instrument is a
pretest and posttest exam to measure the academic performance.
CONCLUSION
Students' educational progress is a main indicator in evaluating education system of a country and
all the efforts in this system move toward realizing this. Generally, the whole society and, especially,
education system are interested in and worried about children's future and their successful evolution in the
community. They also expect students to grow and progress in various aspects including cognitive
aspects and skill learning and in personal and emotional aspects. Teaching is a main learning tool.
Learning is facilitated by employing modern teaching methods. Of course, no teaching method is good or
bad, per se, but the way they are used weakens or strengthens them. Hence, the teacher has to choose the
best and most proper method based on educational goals, teaching content, students' interests, available
equipment and facilities, student population, etc. Teachers are frontier soldiers of education and they need
to be equipped with the last recent scientific weapons, namely modern and active teaching methods.
Besides, they have o know which method is used in which conditions.
ABSTRACT
REFERENCES
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”
Future Research
Performing a similar research on students of other grades and levels Investigating the effect of
modern teaching methods on other variables such as students' anxiety, etc.
Vision: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by
2025.”
Mission: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs.”