B.J.

Habibie

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie is the third President of Indonesia. He was born on June 25, 1936 in
Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi. He is the fourth of eight children in his family. His parents are Alwi
Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. He spent his childhood in Pare-Pare.
Since he was a kid, he has shown his integrity and persistent behaviour. At school, Habibie
whose hobbies are riding horse and reading book is famous for his intelligence.
Habibie’s father passed away due to heart attack when he was in elementary school. After that,
his mother sold their vehicle and house and then moved to Bandung. As a single parent,
Habibie’s mother worked hard to afford her life with her children.
In 1954, after Habibie graduated from senior high school in Bandung, he continued his study to
Bandung Institute of Technology. He did not finish his study at ITB because at the same time he
got a scholarship from The Ministry of education and Culture of Indonesia to study in Germany.
He remembered that Bung Karno had ever said about the importance of plane development for
Indonesia, and then he decided to take aerospace engineering with aeroplane construction
specialty at Rhein Westfalen Aachen Technische Hochschule (RWTH), an institute of
technology in Germany.
Habibie studied hard to be success since he remembered how hard his mother worked for his life.
Even, Habibie spent his time in holiday to earn extra money for buying books. When holiday
ended, he did not do anything except studying. In 1960, he graduated with great score, almost
perfect (9.5). With his education background, he applied at an industry company of train, named
Firma Talbot.
After that, he continued his doctoral degree at Technische Hochschule Die Facultaet Fuer
Maschinenwesen Aachean. In 1962, he got married with Hasri Ainun. She was a doctor and she
followed his husband to Germany. Habibie and Ainun has two sons. They are Ilham Akbar dan
Thareq Kemal. At that time, life got harder. He had to go to work in the early morning because
he walked to the office to save more money. He went home in the evening and studied. He
finished his doctoral degree in 1965 with perfect score (10).
In his life, Habibie has got many achievements and awards from Indonesia and other
International institution. Before he fulfilled a call from President Soeharto and went back to
Indonesia, he had worked at a leading aeroplane industry, MBB Gmbh, Germany. In Indonesia,
Habibie had been the minister of Research and Technology for 20 years and led 10 governmental
company of strategic industry. He was elected by society representative assembly as the Vice
President of Indonesia. When the crisis happened in 1998 and President Soeharto was insisted to
step down from his position, Habibie was assigned to replace President Soeharto to be the third
President of Indonesia.
In 2012, the life of Habibie and how he met Ainun were filmed and got high rates for the
inspirational story. Hasri Ainun passed away on May 22, 2010 in Ludwig Maximilians
Universitat hospital, Klinikum, Muenchen, Germany. She suffered a cancer for a long time
however she never told her husband, Habibie. It was known that she had cancer when she
collapsed and had to be hospitalized. For Habibie, Ainun is everything. She is a great partner of
life who had accompanied him to go through good and bad times in life.
 R.A. KARTINI

One of very famous female figures in Indonesia is Raden Ajeng Kartini. She is also commonly
known as R.A Kartini.

She is known as one of the national hero determined to fight for the emancipation of women.

R.A Kartini was born on April 21st 1879 in Jepara. Since the number of services and struggle for
people of Indonesia, the day of her birth was celebrated as Kartini Day.

Kartini was born in a noble family so she earned R.A (Raden Ajeng) in front of her name.
According to Javanese tradition the title used before she got married, while after marriage then
knighted used is R.A (Raden Ayu).

Her father named R.M. Sosroningrat is a son of Prince Ario Tjondronegoro IV. At that time,
Kartini’s father was a regent in Jepara and an honorable man.

Kartini’s mother named M.A. Ngasirah was the son of ‘Kyai’ / religion teacher in Telukawur,
Jepara. She was not highborn, but just ordinary people.

That’s what makes R.A Kartini must have a stepmother. This is because the Dutch colonial rule
requires a regent married to noblesse.

Finally Kartini’s father then married a descendant of Madura’s King noblewoman named Raden
Adjeng Woerjan.

R.A Kartini was the fifth of 11 siblings, consisting of siblings and half-brother. Nevertheless, she
was the oldest of her sisters.

As derived from the offspring of nobility, Kartini is entitled to receive a decent education. Then,
her father sent her to ELS (Europese Lagere School).

According to Javanese tradition, after the 12 years old, the child should be ‘dipingit‘ (living at
home), is no exception for R.A Kartini. However, although she was at home, she still continues
to learn.

Her lofty ideals are eager to see the indigenous women can study and learn as today.

New ideas about emancipation or equality of indigenous women by her, considered a novelty
that can change society’s views.
In addition, her writings also contain about the significance of belief, wisdom and beauty,
humanity and nationalism.

Not only that, she also touched on religion, for example, she questioned why a man may practice
polygamy, why the holy book should be read and memorized without obligation to understand,
and more.

After becoming adult moman, then in 1903 R.A Kartini married a regent of Rembang City
named K.R.M. Duke Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat. Although many historians say that the
wedding is the insistence of her parents.

ost people estimate at the time of marriage, Kartini R.A still wants to live freely. But in order to
make the hearts of parents happy and proud, she prefers to follow the wishes of her parents.

While it is like other destiny. Exactly a year after getting married, she must be in the call by the
God (25 years old). Note before she died, she had a son named R.M Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat.

RA Kartini’s Books

 Aku Mau … Feminisme dan Nasionalisme. Surat-surat Kartini kepada Stella

Zeehandelaar 1899-1903.
 Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang
 Kartini Surat-surat kepada Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan suaminya
 Letters from Kartini, An Indonesian Feminist 1900-1904
 Panggil Aku Kartini Saja (Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer)
 Surat-surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya

The Brief Biography of RA Kartini in English

Full Name: Raden Ajeng Kartini

Other Names: Raden Ayu Kartini, RA Kartini

Date of Birth: April 21th 1879

Zodiac: Taurus

Place of Birth: Dutch Flag Jepara, Central Java, the Indies

Date of Death: September 17th 1904

Points Died: Rembang, Central Java, the Indies

Died Age: 25 Years

Known for: The Emancipation of Women

Nationality: Indonesia

Religion: Islam

Husband: K.R.M. Duke Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat

Children: R.M Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat

Grandchildren: RM. Boedi Setiyo Soesalit

Great-grandchildren: RA. Kartini Setiawati Soesalit, RM. Kartono Boediman Soesalit, Soesalit
Roekmini RA, RM. Samingoen Bawadiman Soesalit, and RM. Rahmat Harjanto Soesalit.
 CUT NYAK DIEN

Cut Nyak Dhien was a leader of the Acehnese guerrilla forces during the Aceh War.she was born
in lampadang in 1848. Following the death of her husband Teuku Umar, she led guerrilla actions
against the Dutch for 25 years. She was awarded the title of National Hero on May 2, 1964 by
the Indonesian government.

    Cut Nyak Dhien was born into an Islamic aristocratic family in Aceh Besar. Her father, Teuku
Nanta Setia, was a member of the ruling Ulèë Balang aristocratic class in VI mukim, and her
mother was also from an aristocrat family. She was educated in religion and household matters.
She was renowned for her beauty, and many men proposed to marry her. finally, she married
Teuku Cek Ibrahim Lamnga, the son of aristocrat family, when she was twelve.

    On 26 March 1873, Dutch declared war on Aceh, in november 1873, During the se-cond Aceh
Expedition, the dutch successfully captured VI mukim in 1873, followed by the sultan's place in
1874 . In 1875, Cut Nyak Dhien and her baby, along with other mothers, were evacuated to a
safer location while her husband Ibrahim Lamnga fought to reclaim VI mukim. Lamnga died in
action on June 29, 1878. Hearing this, Cut Nyak Dhien was enraged and swore to destroy the
Dutch.
     Some time later, Teuku Umar proposed to marry her. learning that teuku umar would allow
her to fight, they were married in 1880. This greatly boosted the morale of Aceh armies in their
fight against Dutch. Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dhien had a daughter Cut Gambang.

     The war continued, and the Acehnese declared Holy War against the Dutch, and  were
engaging in guerrilla warfare. Undersupplied, Teuku Umar surrendered to Dutch forces on
September 30, 1893 along with 250 of his men. The Dutch army welcomed him and appointed
him as a commander, giving him the title of Teuku Umar Johan Pahlawan. However, Teuku
Umar secretly planned to betray the Dutch. Two years later Teuku Umar set out to assault Aceh,
but instead departed with his troops, talking with them heavy equipment, weapons, and
ammunition, using these supplies to help the Acehnese. This is recorded in Dutch history as "Het
verraad van Teukoe Oemar" (the treason of Teuku Umar).

     The Dutch general Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz sent a spy to Aceh. Teuku Umar was
killed during battle when the Dutch launched a surprise attack on him in Meulaboh. When Cut
Gambang cried over his death, Cut Nyak Dhien slapped her and then she hugged her and
said:"As Acehnese women, we may not shed tears for those who have been martyred."

     After her husband died, Cut Nyak Dhien continued to resist the Dutch with her small army
until its destruction in 1901, as the Dutch adapted their tactics to the situation in Aceh.
Furthermore, Cut Nyak Dhien suffered from nearsightedness and arthritis as she got older. The
numbers of her troops was also keep decreasing and they suffered from lack of supplies.

    One of her troops, Pang Laot, told the Dutch the location of her headquarters in Beutong Le
Sageu. The Dutch attacked, catching Dhien and her troops by surprise. Despite desperately
fighting back, Dhien was captured, her daughter, Cut Gambang escaped and continued the
resistance. Dhien was brought to Banda Aceh and her myopia and arthritis slowly healed, but in
the end she was exiled to Sumedang, West Java because the Dutch were afraid she would
mobilize the resistance of Aceh people. she died on 6 november 1908