Petronas Technical Standards: Pressure Vessels

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Pressure Vessels
PTS 12.20.01
June 2015
© 2015 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
PTS 12.20.01
PRESSURE VESSELS June 2015
Page 2 of 71
FOREWORD
PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.
Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.
PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.
The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be kept
in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 3 of 71
ANNOUNCEMENT
Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition
to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required
make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to
refer to PTS 00.01.01 (PTS Index) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For
further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my
PTS 12.20.01
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 6

1.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS...................................................................................................... 6
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ................................................................................................ 6
2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 7
2.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 CODE STAMP .................................................................................................................. 7
2.3 MINIMUM THICKNESS .................................................................................................... 7
2.4 CORROSION ALLOWANCE............................................................................................... 8
2.5 DESIGN TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................ 10
2.6 DESIGN PRESSURE ........................................................................................................ 10
2.7 OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION....................................................................................... 11
2.8 DESIGN LOADS .............................................................................................................. 11
2.9 CREEP ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 12
2.10 FATIGUE EVALUATION .................................................................................................. 13
2.11 PRESSURISED LPG STORAGE ......................................................................................... 13
2.12 MARINE SYSTEM VESSELS............................................................................................. 13
3.0 MATERIALS SELECTION ................................................................................................. 14
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT.............................................................................................. 14
3.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIAL BASED ON SERVICE CONDITION ................... 14
3.3 BOLTING ....................................................................................................................... 15
3.4 POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION (PMI)................................................................. 16
3.5 APPROVAL OF MATERIALS SUPPLIERS.......................................................................... 16
4.0 FABRICATION ............................................................................................................... 17
4.1 SHELLS........................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 FORMED HEADS............................................................................................................ 17
4.3 FLAT HEADS .................................................................................................................. 17
4.4 NOZZLES, FLANGED CONNECTIONS AND OPENINGS ................................................... 17
4.5 VESSEL SUPPORTS......................................................................................................... 21
4.6 MISCELLANEOUS ATTACHMENTS ................................................................................. 22
4.7 DESIGN OF WELD JOINT ............................................................................................... 23
PTS 12.20.01
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5.0 DRAWINGS AND FINAL DATA ........................................................................................ 24

5.1 DATA SHEETS AND DESIGN SPECIFICATION ................................................................. 24
5.2 OTHER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 25
5.3 WELDING ...................................................................................................................... 26
5.4 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT .................................................................................... 27
6.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING ............................................................................................ 28
6.1 GENERAL QUALITY ASSURANCE ................................................................................... 28
6.2 HARDNESS AND IMPACT TESTING ................................................................................ 28
6.3 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION .................................................................................... 28
6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION......................................................................................... 29
6.5 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION.............................................................................. 30
6.6 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION ........................................................................... 31
6.7 VISUAL EXAMINATION .................................................................................................. 31
6.8 OTHER EXAMINATIONS ................................................................................................ 32
7.0 CLEANING, PACKAGING AND SHIPMENT........................................................................ 34
7.1 CLEANING ..................................................................................................................... 34
7.2 PACKAGING................................................................................................................... 34
7.3 SHIPMENT ..................................................................................................................... 34
8.0 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS OF PD -5500............................................................. 36
8.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 36
9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 37
APPENDIX 1 : MINIMUM DESIGN VALUES FOR NOZZLE FORCES AND MOM`ENTS ..................... 42
APPENDIX 2 : ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VESSELS CONSTRUCTED OF MATERIAL ..............
WITHCORROSION RESISTANT INTEGRAL CLADDING, WELD METAL OVERLAY ....... 44
APPENDIX 3 : ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS CONSTRUCTED FROM Cr-Mo
STEELS ............................................................................................................... 46
APPENDIX 4 : TOLERANCES ..................................................................................................... 48
APPENDIX 5 : SOUR SERVICE REQUIREMENT FOR UPSTREAM PRESSURE VESSELS ..................... 49
APPENDIX 6 : WET H2S SERVICE REQUIREMENT FOR DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE VESSELS .......... 61
PTS 12.20.01
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS provides minimum technical requirements for design, fabrication, inspection and
testing for metallic pressure vessel constructed as per ASME Section VIII, Boiler and Pressure
Vessel code and PD 5500, Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels. This PTS is
in line with code requirement and indicates additional requirements supplementing to the
codes based on PETRONAS lessons learnt and best practices
1.1 SCOPE
1.1.1 The scope of this PTS is to design, fabricate and supply of the pressure vessel in compliance
with code and statutory requirements at the place of installation including other relevant
standards as mentioned in the project document for upstream and downstream installations.
This PTS shall also be applicable to the pressure vessels that are part of packaged equipment.
1.1.2 The design, material, fabrication and testing of the pressure vessel shall be in accordance with
ASME Section VIII Division 1 and/ or Division 2 unless otherwise stated in the Engineering Data
Requisition Sheet (EDRS).
1.1.3 PD 5500 code may be used for the LPG Pressurized Tank and LPG bullets with approval of
Owner based on techno-economic justification in comparison with ASME Code. Additional
technical requirements for PD 5500 is indicated in Para 8.0 which shall be applicable in addition
to the code and other relevant clauses of this PTS.
1.1.4 This PTS excludes requirement for pressure vessels fabricated with brazing and casting.
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1.2.1 General Definitions of Terms & Abbreviations
Refer to PTS 00.01.03 for General Terms, Abbreviations & Specific Requirements.
1.2.2 Specific definitions
None
1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations
None
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS 12.20.01 replaces PTS 12.20.01 (May, 2014).
PTS 12.20.01
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2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2.1 GENERAL
2.1.1 Pressure vessel shall be designed based on given process conditions in the EDRS e.g. design
pressure and corresponding design temperature, fluid handled, other process, material and
environmental conditions including all external and internal loadings.
2.1.2 The availability of the material, economics, fabrication processes, and transportation to the
site including inspection and maintenance viability shall also be considered. The selection of
design code shall be as stated in the EDRS or as per ASME Section VIII Division 1, Rules for
Construction of Pressure Vessels or ASME Section VIII Division 2, Alternative Rules. The design
code as ASME Section VIII Division 2 shall be considered if any of the following conditions exist,
unless approved by Owner:
i. Nominal shell wall thickness >38mm.
ii. Design pressure ≥ 10 MPa
iii. Operating in cyclic service
iv. Operating in creep region
NOTE: ASME Section VIII Division 1 in lieu of Division 2 for the above conditions may be used subject to approval of owner
if additional requirement on material, inspection and testing are fulfilled and design calculations of certain construction
detail are furnished.
2.2 CODE STAMP
2.2.1 Pressure vessels designed to ASME Section VIII Division 1 shall be Code Stamped if the vessels
have any of the following criteria unless otherwise stated in the EDRS.
i. Material of Construction (MOC) of Cr-Mo steel or high alloy steels
ii. Hydrogen and lethal services
iii. Low temperature equipment of lower than -46°C
2.2.2 Pressure vessels designed to ASME Section VIII Division 2 shall be Code Stamped.
2.3 MINIMUM THICKNESS
2.3.1 The required thickness of pressure vessel shall be calculated as per the design code based on
design parameters considering all applicable loadings. The minimum thickness including
corrosion allowance of vessel wall, excluding thickness of weld overlay, cladding and lining
shall not be less than the following:
Inside shell diameter Carbons steel/ Low Alloy steel High Alloy Steel
≤ 900 mm 6 mm 3 mm
901 to 1400 mm 6 mm 4 mm
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1401 to 2000 mm 6 mm 5 mm
2001 to 2600 mm 8 mm 6 mm
2600 to 3900 mm 10 mm 8 mm
>3900 mm 12 mm 10 mm
Table 1: Minimum Wall Thickness

NOTE: For larger diameter, the stiffening effect of the shell to prevent from distortion/ovality shall be ascertained for adequacy
of its thickness.
2.3.2 Lower allowable stress values in compliance with the Notes G5 indicted in the material tables
as per ASME Section II, Part D for austenitic materials shall be used for design of all flanged
joints including tube sheet with gasket face as well as flanged extension design.
2.3.3 Adequacy of thickness of non-pressure components shall be checked using relevant allowable
stress as per ASME Section II Part D at design temperature.
2.3.4 Cladding/ Lining

i. Expected corrosion rate and type of service/fluid shall be the main criteria for
effective thickness and material selection for cladding/lining. The effective
thickness shall be furnished by Manufacturer for approval of Owner.
ii. Only integral type cladding/lining shall be used; loose lining shall not be permitted.
The additional technical requirement for corrosion resistant lining/overlay shall
be in accordance with Appendix 2.
iii. Minimum thickness for alloy cladding applied for product purity shall be 1.5mm
and 3 mm for corrosive service. If base material is removed to ensure material
chemistry at weld location, the requirement of UCL-23(c) of Division 1 or Part 6.5.6
of Division 2, shall be complied with.
iv. Unless otherwise specified, the entire thickness of any applied cladding shall not
be considered as pressure retaining material.
v. PTS 15.20.09 shall be referred for the requirements for process equipment with
internal chemical-resistant brick lining, PTS 15.13.04 for dense refractory concrete
linings and PTS 15.20.10 for the requirements for glass-lined process equipment.
2.4 CORROSION ALLOWANCE
2.4.1 The corrosion allowance for vessels shall be as per Corrosion Design Basis Memorandum
(CDBM) defined in the project specification and shall be indicated in the EDRS.
As a minimum, the following corrosion allowance shall be considered for pressure parts:
PTS 12.20.01
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Service Material Minimum Corrosion

allowance
General process and mild carbon steel and low-alloy 1.5 mm

corrosive service steel
Corrosive Service carbon steel and low-alloy 3 mm

steel
Non-corrosive or very mildly carbon steel and fine grain 1 mm

corrosive (e.g. steam, dry carbon steel
compressed air, LPG, LNG and
dry natural gas)
Flanges Faces All material Nil
Service in which the fine grain carbon steel, 3.5% 1 mm

operating temperature is Ni steel and 9% Ni steel
always below 0 °C
All services Aluminium and stainless None (unless specified

steel in EDRS)
Table 2: Minimum Corrosion Allowance for pressure parts
2.4.2 Corrosion allowance for non-pressure internal parts

The corrosion allowance for non-pressure internal parts including differential pressure across
internals, if any, shall be as follows:
Item Corrosion allowance
Stainless steel internals none
Removable Internals, carbon steel and low 50% of the corrosion allowance
alloy steel specified for the vessel shall be
applied to each surface of the internal
Heavily-loaded components (catalyst grids, 100% of the corrosion allowance

etc.) in non-clad equipment and welded specified for the vessel shall be
internals made from carbon or low-alloy steel applied to each surface of the internal
Table 3: Minimum Corrosion Allowance for non-pressure internal parts

PTS 12.20.01
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2.5 DESIGN TEMPERATURE
2.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, the maximum design temperature shall be used to determine
permissible stress for vessel material. The design temperature shall be taken as 10°C
(minimum) above the Maximum Operating Temperature (MOT) as per process condition
mentioned in the data sheets.
2.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the minimum design temperature shall be (-) 10°C or 5°C lower
(whichever is less) than the lowest temperature of the following;
i. Lowest temperature which can occur during full operation pressure/design

pressure
ii. Lowest temperature during depressurization conditions
iii. Lowest ambient temperature
2.5.3 The minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) shall be specified in EDRS as defined in PTS
16.50.01. Prevention of brittle fracture shall be in accordance with requirement of PTS
15.10.01.
2.5.4 Multiple design temperature coincident with operating pressure for various operating
condition e.g. steaming-out condition, operational upset etc. may be specified.
2.5.5 The highest design temperature shall be considered for external pressure design condition
either for the case of single design temperature or multiple design temperature.
2.5.6 The design temperature for pressurised LPG storage facility shall be determined based on LPG
composition and corresponding boiling temperature at the derived design pressure.
2.5.7 The design temperature of flanges and bolts if not hot insulated may be reduced to 90% of the
design temperature but not less than maximum operating temperature.
2.6 DESIGN PRESSURE
2.6.1 Design pressure for pressure vessel shall be determined and specified in the EDRS based on
PTS 16.50.01; generally it shall be with a margin of 10% above the Maximum Operating
Pressure.
2.6.2 Pressure vessels shall not have their MAWP limited by nozzles, reinforcement pad or flanges.
The MAWP shall be calculated for all pressure vessels and it shall also be indicated in the
vessel’s name plate.
2.6.3 External pressure

2.6.3.1 The pressure vessel shall (PSR) be designed for full vacuum if any of the operating condition, as
mentioned below, causes partial vacuum between 0 kPa and 100 kPa in the vessel:
i. Vessel in steam or steam condensate system that are not open to the atmosphere.
PTS 12.20.01
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ii. If there is possibility to drop the pressure below atmospheric pressure due to mal-
operation, utility failure, instrument failure, low-load conditions, blocked-in
situations or any other cause, that creates vacuum.
iii. Jacketed or compartmented vessels shall be investigated for its vacuum conditions
during operation and shutdown condition. If the jacketed or compartments are
designed for vacuum, the compartment under consideration shall have the
common components designed for an external pressure equal to the sum of
internal design pressure of the adjacent compartment plus the vacuum design
pressure of the compartment under consideration.
2.7 OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION
2.7.1 Pressure vessels shall be provided with overpressure protection in accordance with PTS
16.53.01. Piping between pressure relief valve and pressure vessel shall be in accordance with
PTS 12.30.02.
2.8 DESIGN LOADS
2.8.1 Vessel shall be designed considering the most severe direct and/ or indirect loadings including
combination of loading in accordance with relevant design codes/standards, applicable
loadings as indicated in UG-22 of ASME Section VIII Division 1 shall be considered. This also
includes loading of permanent attachments such as internals, platforms, insulation,
fireproofing, refractory and piping etc.
2.8.2 The design adequacy of the vessel and its component shall be checked considering applicable
loadings during hydro testing, lifting, transportation, erection and operation including piping
loads. If applicable, loadings resulting from wave action and/or sloshing shall be considered.
2.8.3 The horizontal vessels shall be evaluated for buckling, local circumferential bending and shear
stresses. Saddle support for horizontal vessels shall be designed using methods specified in
ASME Section VIII Div.2 para 4.15- Design Rules for Supports and Attachments Analysis
methods. The saddle horn tip and shell bending stresses shall be checked for filled in condition
of the vessel without any pressure. If required by Owner, large diameter vessel stress analysis
shall be conducted using FEA methods.
2.8.4 Wind Induced Loadings

i. Wind speed shall be as per the meteorological data of site location or as specified
by Owner. Wind load analysis shall be in accordance with PTS 11.10.01.
ii. Vessel design shall include following:
a) Tower deflection
b) Moments and forces at foundation due to wind loads
c) Vortex shedding effects on the vessel under erection, operating as well
as on standby and condition.
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2.8.5 Mitigation measures against vortex shedding effects shall include vortex destruction devices
such as spoilers, tuned mass dampers or positioning of platforms to reduce vortex formation.
The ASTM STS 1 steel stack provides various methods for damping. Mitigation proposal shall
be submitted for review and approval of Owner.
2.8.6 The Manufacturer shall analyse and include mitigation against vortex shedding effects for
towers for the following conditions:
i. H/D ratio of 15 or greater, and
ii. Mass damping parameter (MDP) < 0.8 under operating conditions, or
iii. Mass damping parameter (MDP) < 1.1 when the vessel is under erection or on
standby.
MDP = m. β/ µ.d2
Where, m = mass per unit length of the top third of the tower, in the tower condition
β = Structural damping ratio, 0.004 for empty, unlined vessel
µ = density of air
d = Mean diameter of the top third of the tower
D = Nominal diameter of tower
H = Height of tower in meter
2.8.7 Maximum allowed deflection of Tower at the top of the equipment shall be as follows:
i. H/500 for brick lined equipment
ii. H/200 all other equipment
2.8.8 The Manufacturer shall indicate to Owner in advance with design calculation of deflection
when the tower has a natural frequency of less than 1.1 Hz. The calculation shall include
insulation, steel structure, piping that are guided or supported by the equipment.
2.9 CREEP ANALYSIS
2.9.1 If the vessel is operating above the temperatures where time dependent properties are a
consideration, the creep analysis shall be performed in accordance with ASME Section VIII,
Division 2. Alternatively, API RP 579-1 / ASME FFS-1 may be used.
2.9.2 If cyclic service is a consideration or operation temperature is in the time dependent

temperature range, the creep analysis method shall be as per ARP 579-1 / ASME FFS-1.
2.9.3 The required service lifetime and all operating data, necessary to perform the analysis shall be
agreed by Owner.
2.9.4 If a vessel is intended to be used in a service where more than one set of operating parameters
(pressure and temperature) is expected, the analysis shall be done based on duration of each
anticipated operating mode.
PTS 12.20.01
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2.10 FATIGUE EVALUATION
2.10.1 Fatigue analysis for cyclic service equipment shall be conducted in accordance with ASME
Section VIII Division 2, Part 5 considering pressure and temperature transients / fluctuations if
restricted in expansion and contraction as well as variation in external loadings. The number
of cyclic operation for analysis shall be confirmed by Owner.
2.10.2 Fatigue assessment of welds using the structural stress method of ASME Section VIII Division
2, Part 5 shall require approval of Owner.
2.10.3 The fatigue evaluation for vessels constructed to ASME Section VIII Division 1 shall be made
according to the rules of ASME Section VIII Division 2, Part 5; however, the allowable stresses
for ASME Section VIII Division 1 shall be used in the analysis.
2.11 PRESSURISED LPG STORAGE
2.11.1 Additional requirement for Pressurised LPG Storage in accordance with PTS 12.20.02.
2.12 MARINE SYSTEM VESSELS
2.12.1 Marine system vessels shall be designed considering required Wind and dynamic loads (lateral
and vertical acceleration) during operating and storm conditions as indicated in the Project
Specification.
PTS 12.20.01
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3.0 MATERIALS SELECTION
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT
3.1.1 Selection of materials shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII and ASME Section II, Part
A or Part B and as per specified in the Project Specification. The material shall comply with the
requirement of PTS 15.10.01 for the low temperature application.
3.1.2 Material enhancement by quenching and tempering to increase tensile properties shall not be
used without approval of Owner.
3.1.3 Pipe or tubes used for pressure retaining parts shall be seamless; Electric Resistance Welded
(ERW) shall not be used.
3.1.4 Cr-Mo material shall meet requirement of Appendix 3 of this PTS and PTS 15.10.02 shall be
referred to for high-pressure hydrogen service pressure vessels constructed with shell
thickness ≥50 mm using 2¼Cr-1Mo, 2¼Cr-1Mo-¼V, 3Cr-1Mo or 3Cr-1Mo¼-V steels.
3.1.5 Micro-alloyed steels for construction of pressure vessel are not permitted without approval of
the Owner.
3.1.6 Carbon steel (P1 - Gr. 1, 2 or 3) with a minimum UTS > 485MPa may be used for pressure
vessel designed as per ASME Section VIII Division 1 if not operating in cyclic service or in the
creep temperature range of the material.
3.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIAL BASED ON SERVICE CONDITION
3.2.1 The material selection for pressure vessel for sour services in upstream shall be as per
Appendix 5 and for wet H2S services in downstream shall be in compliance with Appendix 6.
3.2.2 The basis of Material selection for Vessel constructed with carbon steel, low alloy steel and
clad carbon steel for hydrogen services shall be in accordance with API RP 941 with margin of
170 kPa on maximum hydrogen partial pressure and at least 28°C lower than the maximum
operating temperature with the applicable curve of API RP 941.
3.2.3 No credit shall be taken for the presence of the alloy cladding or weld overlay with regard to
hydrogen attack limits.
3.2.4 The material selection and PWHT requirement for pressure vessels in amine services shall be
in compliance with API 945 and NACE SP 0472. The PWHT shall be performed regardless of the
operating temperature of the vessels.
3.2.5 Pressure vessels handling fresh caustic soda at concentration higher than 15% shall be subject
to stress relieving of welding (PWHT) and cold formed parts. This preventive measure shall be
applied regardless of the temperature for spent caustic. NACE SP 0403 shall be used as
guideline to identify susceptible conditions for pressure vessels in alkaline caustic media to
Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking.
3.2.6 Gasket from Non-metallic sheet shall (PSR) not be permitted for body flanges on Pressure vessel
in Cyclic, hydrogen, wet H2S or toxic services.
PTS 12.20.01
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3.3 BOLTING
3.3.1 Bolts used to attach piping to nozzle flanges shall be in accordance with the matching piping
flange. Material for bolts and nuts used for pressure vessel flanges shall be in accordance with
Table 4 below.
Design Temperature (°C) Material (Note) Remarks
Bolt Nut
Upper
temperature
SA-320 Gr. B8-
Cryogenic –195 to –102 SA 194 Gr. 8N limit may be
Class 2
used as per
ASME Section II
–101 to –30 Upper
SA-320 Gr. L7 SA-194 Gr. 4
For General Service temperature
Low
–101 to –30 SA-320 Gr. L7M SA-194 Gr. 7M limit may be
Temperature
For Sour Service used as per
ASME Section II
–40 to 427 SA-193 Gr. B7 SA-194 Gr. 2H
Intermediate For General Service
Temperature –29 to 427 SA-193 Gr. B7M SA-194 Gr. 2HM
For Sour Service
428 to 538
CS and Low alloy SA-193 Gr. B16 SA-194 Gr. 4
steel flanges
428 to 538 SA-453 Gr. 660- SA-453 Gr. 660- Lower
Austenitic stainless Class C Class C temperature
steel flanges
limit may be
used as per
ASME Section II
Elevated 593 to 815 Lower
Temperature CS and Low alloy SA-193 Gr. B8 -
temperature
steel flanges
Class 1 SA-194 Gr. 8 limit may be
used as per
ASME Section II
538 to 815 Lower
Austenitic and non- temperature
ferrous flanges SA-193 Gr. B8 –
Class 1 SA-194 Gr. 8T limit may be
used as per
ASME Section II
Note: Bolting materials other than indicated above may be permitted in this temperature range if adequate.
Table 4: Bolting Materials

PTS 12.20.01
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3.4 POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION (PMI)
3.4.1 PMI shall be in accordance with PTS 15.02.01.
3.5 APPROVAL OF MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
3.5.1 The list of material suppliers shall be as per Owner’s approved vendor list. Owner reserve the
right to perform on site audit of manufacturing facilities and its proven supply for approval of
additional material Manufacturer/Supplier.
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4.0 FABRICATION
4.1 SHELLS
4.1.1 Unless otherwise stated, the inside diameter of the pressure vessel shall be constant although
the shell courses have different thicknesses.
4.1.2 The distance between two longitudinal seams as measured from the toe of each weld shall be
a minimum of 200mm (8 inches) or 5 times the wall thickness, whichever the larger.
4.1.3 100% examinations on the longitudinal seams shall be conducted on the last 300 mm of the
longitudinal seams if the above cannot be achieved.
4.2 FORMED HEADS
4.2.1 Ellipsoidal and hemispherical heads shall be considered unless otherwise specified by the
Owner.
4.2.2 Torispherical head may be used if designed/constructed by ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 with Owner’s
approval for non-hydrocarbon and non-cyclic service only under following condition:
i. Design pressure lower than 500 kPa.
ii. Design temperatures in a range of 50 °C to 345°C.
iii. Vessel internal diameters in a range of 480 mm to 2200 mm.
Note: Torispherical heads shall not be used if top head is mounted with agitator or supports any other equipment, also if the
bottom head is supported by skirt support.
4.3 FLAT HEADS
4.3.1 Flat heads shall be attached to the pressure vessel either by bolting or by full penetration weld.
Flat heads secured by retaining rings or similar methods shall not be used.
4.4 NOZZLES, FLANGED CONNECTIONS AND OPENINGS
4.4.1 All connection shall be flanged with through studs bolts and nuts or butt weld end connection.
4.4.2 Socket welds shall only be allowed for limited applications i.e. non-toxic, non-cyclic, non-
corrosive and non-hydrogen charging.
4.4.3 Threaded fitting shall only be allowed for water or clean air service.
4.4.4 Standard Pipe Schedule plus corrosion allowance shall be considered for determining the
minimum thickness for nozzles necks with the followings exceptions:
i. Schedule 160 shall be used as minimum for carbon steel or low alloy nozzles for
sizes DN 80 and less.
ii. Schedule 80S shall be used as minimum for Austenitic stainless steel or other high
alloy steel nozzles for DN 80 and less.
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4.4.5 The minimum size of Nozzle welded on the vessel shall be DN 40 for all service, DN 25 may be
used for general non -corrosive services i.e. not handling hydrocarbon or toxic services, and
not subject to fatigue and/or creep. Standard nozzle sizes as per ASME B 36.10 shall be used
except for DN 32, DN 65, DN 90 and DN 125.
4.4.6 Flanges used for Vessel nozzles shall be as follows:

i. Up to DN 600 as per ASME B 16.5
ii. Nozzle flanges of size DN 650 to DN 1500 shall be as per ASME B 16.47 Series A to
match with pipe flange in accordance with Piping Class. However, ASME B 16.47
Series A flanges when used for hydrogen, very toxic, cyclic service or any other
services having operating temperature > 300OC it shall be analyzed for rigidity
Index < 1.0 in accordance with ASME Section VIII.
iii. The shell flanges for pressure vessel shall be designed as per ASME Section VIII. If
ASME B 16.47 Series A flanges are used it shall be analyzed for rigidity Index < 1.0
in accordance with ASME Section VIII.
iv. Flange facing shall be raised faced or as specified in the data sheet in accordance
with ASME B 16.5.
v. Bolt holes for all flanges shall straddle to the normal centrelines of the vessel.
4.4.7 Minimum distance between any vessel opening and openings distance, from major structure
discontinuity including vessel weld seams shall be as follows:
i. Lmsd ≥1.8(Dtm )0.5 or 80 mm, whichever is greater, for vessels in either creep or
cyclic service
ii. Lmsd ≥1.8(Dtm )0.5 or 50 mm, whichever is lesser, for other vessels than above
Where,
Lmsd Minimum distance of opening
D Nozzle outside diameter
tm Minimum thickness of the vessel at opening
4.4.8 If a nozzle cannot avoid to be located near a circumferential or longitudinal weld seam for
other than cyclic or creep services, it may be considered if the followings requirements are
met with:
i. The nozzle weld shall straddle to the vessel weld seam by at least 50 mm or 2X tm
whichever the greater. The distance shall be measured along the circumferential
axis and longitudinal axis to the inner diameter of the nozzle. Where, tm is the
minimum thickness of the vessel
ii. 100% RT shall be conducted at the weld seam for a distance of {1.8 (D X tm) 0.5 +
D/2)}, where D is the nozzle outside diameter.
Note: The distances are measured from the toe of the weld of nozzle to the toe of the vessel weld.
PTS 12.20.01
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4.4.9 If integrally reinforced nozzle necks are used its thickness shall be limited to 2 times the vessel
wall thickness at the location of weld.
4.4.10 Nozzles shall be through–wall (set-in) type, full penetration welded connection.
4.4.11 Nozzles as set-on connections may be acceptable if all the following conditions are met:
i. Thickness of vessel shell or head is ≥ 50 mm and nozzle thickness is less than half
of shell or head thickness
ii. Nozzle thickness is < ½ of the shell thickness
iii. Plate material meets ASTM A770 S3 with minimum area reduction of 35%.
iv. 100% UT examination at nozzle opening on 100 mm wide band around nozzle
opening before nozzle attachment. SA- 578 acceptance Level B shall be met with.
v. If the vessels is not in hydrogen service above 230°C
vi. If nozzle attached to header box of air cooled exchanger.
vii. The edge of the opening receives NDT examination by MT or PT for ferrous and
nonferrous material respectively.
4.4.12 All inside edges of nozzles and connection for set-in or set-on shall be rounded off to a radius
of minimum 3mm.
4.4.13 The following requirements shall be met with when reinforcing elements are required.
i. Reinforcing pad shall not be used above 400°C.
ii. No reinforcing pad shall be used for the vessel having hydrogen services, lethal
services and cyclic services. In such cases, integrally reinforced nozzles shall be
used.
iii. The thickness of reinforcing pad if use shall not exceed nominal shell thickness or
50mm, whichever the lower. Reinforcing pad to be installed parallel to the shell
and normal to the nozzle.
iv. Telltale hole of 6mm (¼ inches) shall be provided. The hole shall be packed with
hard grease after hydro-test.
v. Analysis shall be performed for creep service to decide use of reinforcing elements
or integrally reinforcement nozzles.
vi. Manufacturer may indicate in the proposal with proven experience for an
alternative reinforcement designs for large opening and method used for its
testing in accordance with ASME Division 1, Mandatory appendix 1-7.
4.4.14 Unless otherwise specified, the nozzle sizes for the given services shall be as follow:
i. DN 40 for thermowell nozzles. For alloy overlay nozzle, minimum DN 50 shall be
used. See standard drawing D12.92.021.
PTS 12.20.01
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ii. DN 40 for pressure indicator nozzles
iii. DN 50 for level indicator/ manifold nozzles
iv. DN 600 for manholes (Min). DN 450 or DN 500 may be used with Owner approval.
Larger nozzle sizes are required when lined with refractory or other material
reducing the entry diameter.
v. Drains and vents shall be installed on piping system instead of vessel shell or head
unless otherwise specified in the data sheet.
vi. For shutdown and steam-out, purposes the minimum drains and vents size shall
be in accordance with Table 5. Preferably to have 2 drains nozzles if tangent to
tangent length is more than 4000 mm.
vii. Exhaust nozzle for ventilation purposes with the size of DN 150 (for vessel capacity
≤ 14 m3) and DN 250 (for vessel capacity >14 m3) shall be added on the vessel if
entry to the vessel is expected on a normal basis.
viii. Minimum DN 150 hand- holes, if required, shall be provided on vessel. The hand-
hole cover shall be with a grip. See standard drawing D12.92.006, D12.92.010 and
D12.92.011.
Vessel Capacity Drain Connection Vent Connection Size

Size
Up to 14 m3 DN 50 DN 40
Over 14 m3 DN 80 DN 50
Purposes
Up to 68 m3 N/A DN 40
Over 68 m3 N/A DN 50
Table 5: Drains and vents
4.4.15 WRC 107 and WRC 297 shall be used for forces and moments analysis of nozzles. The
followings shall be analysed as minimum:
i. Equipment with nozzles attached i.e. large valve or agitator.
ii. Pressure relief valve attached to the nozzles (Forces in open condition of relief
valve)
iii. Piping attached to nozzles subject to movement and additional loads on nozzle
4.4.16 Nozzles shall be designed in accordance with Appendix 1 of this PTS with exceptional to the
following:
i. Hand –holes (Inspection openings) or manholes
PTS 12.20.01
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ii. Thermowell Nozzles
iii. Pressure indication nozzles
4.4.17 Manholes shall be installed for all vertical or horizontal vessels with feed and distribution trays
or other internal components such as packing etc. The vessel smaller than DN 800 shall be
provided with body flange for installation of internals. On vertical vessel one manholes shall
be installed 900 mm above the bottom head seam and another manhole at 450 mm above the
top tray. Additional number of manholes shall be installed for ease in installation and
maintenance of trays/ packing/ catalyst in accordance with PTS 16.52.06.
4.5 VESSEL SUPPORTS
4.5.1 Standard Drawing D12.92.028 shall be used for vessels supported c

i. Skirt shall be welded to the shell of the vessel continuously. No dissimilar material
shall be used for skirt to shell weld.
ii. The skirt material attached to stainless steel or high alloy steel vessel with design
temperature ≥230°C shall be of the same P number with similar coefficient of
thermal expansion. The height of section of skirt welded to the vessel shall be no
less than 2.5 (Rt) ½, where R is skirt radius and t is the skirt thickness and the
remainder of the skirt may be of carbon steel.
iii. Skirt vents shall be provided unless otherwise approved by Owner.
iv. No flanges connection shall (PSR) be allowed in the skirt areas.
v. A minimum of 2 grounding lugs shall be installed at the vessel skirt in accordance

with Standard drawing D13.92.037
vi. Base plate bolt holes template shall be supplied by the fabricator marked with
vessel orientation at 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree.
4.5.2 Vessel may be supported by lugs, if approved by Owner, for the following:
i. Vessel not in cryogenic service
ii. The lugs are attached to pads with the same P number as the vessel.
4.5.3 Spherical vessels shall be supported by legs.
4.5.4 For small cylindrical vertical vessel shall be generally supported by four (4) legs if:
i. The design temperature is 230 0C or less, and
ii. The H/D ratio is 5 or less, where H is the distance from the top tangent line to the
base of the support, and
iii. Vessel not in cyclic condition
iv. The legs are attached to pads with the same P number as pressure plate
PTS 12.20.01
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4.5.5 Two saddle –type support shall be specified for horizontal vessels. The supports shall comply
with Standard Drawing D12.92.054 and D12.92.055 with continuous weld.
4.5.6 Standard drawing for sliding plate D12.92.056 shall be comply if sliding saddle is required.
4.5.7 Saddle support shall not be used as stiffening ring for external pressure.
4.5.10 Nozzle Connections shall be either flanged or welded for all internal pipes. Any nozzles necks
connection that extended through the vessel wall shall be of one piece construction with no
circumferential welds.
4.5.11 ASME B16.5 shall be complied for flanges used on internal connections.
4.5.12 For other application such as shop fabricated hub less, flat face plate flanges shall be in
accordance with Standard Drawing D12.92.002 for internal connections. Refers PTS 16.52.06
for additional information.
4.6 MISCELLANEOUS ATTACHMENTS
4.6.1 Lifting trunnions or lifting lugs shall be provided to vertical vessels.
4.6.2 Lifting lugs or lifting trunnions shall be attached to a pad with full penetration weld to the
pressure vessel body. The pad shall be provided with vent hole to avoid gas trap during
welding. The holes shall be sealed with hard grease after completion of fabrication.
4.6.3 Tailing lug shall be provided for all vertical vessels over 20 Tons. The base ring and internal
members shall be designed for the most severe lifting condition when fitted with tailing lug.
4.6.4 A total load of 1.5 times the weight of the equipment shall be designed for the lifting lugs or
trunnions. An additional safety factor of 3 shall be designed when lifting from offshore barge
to ensure adequacy due to impact of lifting. Lifting lugs or trunnions shall be designed for the
worst case of loading.
4.6.5 Unless otherwise specified by the Owner, the lifting lugs or trunnions should be removed after
erection is completed. Otherwise the lugs or trunnions shall be covered with insulation on
insulated vessels.
4.6.6 Stiffening rings that required external pressure shall be continuously welded on both sides as
a minimum. For hydrogen service the stiffening rings shall be welded continuously with full
penetration welds. Stiffening rings shall not intersect with manholes, nozzles, platform
support, reinforcing pads, etc.
4.6.7 Stiffening ring of the structural shapes e.g. I –Beam, W- wide flange, H- section, C- Channel
and T- shape or other section where probability of water logging is there shall not be used.
4.6.8 Vortex breakers shall be installed and designed in accordance with Standard Drawing
D12.92.001 on the following nozzles:
i. Liquid outlets (Continuous)
ii. Outlet of separator where liquid is separated from water or aqueous solutions
PTS 12.20.01
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4.6.9 Nameplate shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing D12.92.024 unless otherwise
specified by Owner.
4.6.10 Insulation support shall comply with Standard Drawings D12.92.012 and D12.92.030.
4.6.11 Standard Drawings D12.92.030, D11.92.046, D11.92.047 and D11.92.048 shall be used for
designing insulation support rings, cleat for ladders and platforms and clips for steam tracing.
4.6.12 The hand and step rungs of 20 mm diameter x 400 mm width of compatible material shall be
provided for ease of entry through the manhole and to approach the bottom of the vessel.
The hand rungs of C- shape shall be 100 mm above the apex of manhole and 75 mm clearance
from vessel. The step rungs shall be at a spacing of 300 mm and have 180 mm clearance from
vessel with 75 mm vertical length for suitable tread. Additional rungs if required by owner shall
also be provided.
4.6.13 If anodes are required, it shall be installed after stress relieving. All anodes should be able to
withstand both internal pressure and flow requirements.
4.6.14 Davit installation shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing D12.92.018. It shall be installed
at all manholes unless otherwise specified by Owner.
4.6.15 Two (2) earthing bosses shall be provided to all vessel supports in accordance within Standard
Drawing D13.92.037.
4.7 DESIGN OF WELD JOINT
4.7.1 All weld joints for pressure parts and stressed parts/ components shall be of full penetration
type. Type of weld joint shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1, Part UW and
ASME Section VIII Division 2, Clause 4.2.
4.7.2 The following shall be adhered to while selecting the design of weld joint as per ASME Code,
(Refer to Table UW-12 of ASME Section VIII Division 1):
i. Type 1 shall only be used for Categories A and B, C and D joints. The minimum
joint efficiency shall be 0.85. Backing strip when used shall be removed.
ii. Types 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 is not permitted.
iii. Type 7 with full penetration weld shall be used for Categories C and D weld joint.
Partial penetration and/or fillet welds in accordance with Division 1 are not
permitted.
iv. Welds in pressure vessels which are in cyclic service shall have a weld quality of
Type 1 or 2 in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division 2.
v. Weld joints in Categories A, B, C or D of dissimilar metals shall not be permitted

without approval of Owner. However, dissimilar weld for nozzles under skirt are
not permitted.
vi. For hydrogen charging services (as defined in API 579) full penetration welds shall
be used for all welds including miscellaneous attachments.
PTS 12.20.01
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5.0 DRAWINGS AND FINAL DATA

5.1 DATA SHEETS AND DESIGN SPECIFICATION
i. Contractor shall develop all equipment data sheet in accordance with
Manufacturer’s Standards for Owner review and approval.
ii. Contractor shall also include Manufacturer’s documentation for each pressure
vessel in accordance with PTS 12.20.06.
iii. Contractor shall submit required mechanical design calculation as per Project
specification, design codes and standards including cyclic, creep, FEA etc. or other
calculations for review of Owner.
5.1.1 General drawings

Contractor shall develop and submit to Owner the equipment general drawings (G.A.) with the
following information as minimum:
i. Applicable code & Standard
ii. Equipment tag number
iii. Operating Pressure
iv. Operating Temperature
v. Number of cyclic if applicable
vi. Wind Speed & Earthquake data.
vii. Corrosion allowance at shell, heads, nozzles, manholes, support and other
accessories
viii. Nozzle schedule and allowable loads
ix. Weld joint efficiencies (E)
x. MAP (Maximum Allowable Pressure)
xi. MAWP (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure)
xii. MDMT (Maximum Design Metal Temperatures)
xiii. Field Pressure test , Shop Pressure test
xiv. Test Fluid (Density and Composition)
xv. Weight (shipping, operating, full water with internals)
xvi. Location of center of gravity
xvii. Lifting arrangement

PTS 12.20.01
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5.1.2 Fabrication drawing(s)

Contractor shall develop and submit to Owner the fabrication drawings with the following
information as minimum:
i. Full dimensions of all parts and sub –assemblies
ii. Material identification including gasket
iii. Location of all circumferential and longitudinal joints
iv. Weld details including all weld procedures
v. Impact test requirements
vi. Heat treatment details and process
vii. Bolt torque on flanges
viii. NDE requirements
ix. Cleaning, blasting and painting requirements
x. Nozzle orientation and elevation
5.2 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
5.2.1 Fabrication shall only commence with the following conditions:

i. Calculations and drawings have been reviewed/ approved by Owner
ii. All statutory requirements are complied
iii. All required procedures have been approved by Owner
5.2.2 Any defect to material shall be repaired and examined in accordance with Code.
5.2.3 Heads shall be fabricated from one piece wherever practical. Welded construction can be
considered with the following conditions:
i. Ellipsoidal heads for larger diameter may be fabricated with maximum of 3 plates
with approval of Owner. The weld location shall be away from the knuckle area
and nozzle opening and the plates after welding shall be examined by MP/ DP test
at root run and final joint and 100 % radiographed before pressing.
ii. Head plate thickness shall be increased if nozzle is required to be inserted in the
center plate.
5.2.4 Heat treatment shall be performed to all parts that have been cold formed with fiber
elongation greater than the following:
i. Carbon and (LAS) low alloy steels > 5 %, normalizing for carbon steel and
normalizing and tempering treatment for LAS
PTS 12.20.01
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ii. Austenitic stainless steel exposed to hydrogen processes > 5 %, with solution
annealing treatment
iii. All other materials as permitted by code
5.2.5 If the finishing hot-forming temperature is not in the normalising temperature range of 850°C
to 960°C, the normalising of carbon steel components and base materials shall be performed
separately and not as part of hot- forming operations.
5.2.6 Pressure vessels tolerances shall be in accordance with Appendix 4.
5.2.7 Galvanised attachments shall not be welded to any pressure retaining parts of a pressure
vessel.
5.3 WELDING
5.3.1 Welding processes shall be in compliance with PTS 15.12.01.
5.3.2 Production control test plates shall be carried out for materials other than P1, P2, P3 or having
a minimum tensile strength more than 500 N/mm2 and P1 material with the addition of the
following elements:
i. Niobium (Nb), Vanadium (V), or Titanium (Ti) greater than 0.01 weight percent.
ii. Boron (B) greater than 0.0005 weight percent
5.3.3 Requirement for production control test plates:

i. Two (2) plates per 100m of butt weld or part thereof (Category A and B) shall be
produced
ii. The test plate material shall be similar with the material specification of the vessel.
iii. The test plate shall be made with a welding process similar to the pressure vessel
welding or group of vessels of the same material.
iv. The test plates shall be welded with the same PQR and WPS as the vessel
v. The test plate thickness shall be as thick as the vessel shell.
vi. Additional requirement on Hardness and impact test to be made.
5.3.4 Plates shall be post weld heat treated similar to the vessel requirement and tested at the start
of production welding for half of the number of plates required by (4.10.2). The remainder of
the plates shall be PWHT together with the vessel and shipped to site or as directed by Owner.
5.3.5 Backing strips shall not be used unless approved by Owner.
5.3.6 Weld joints of dissimilar metals in the pressure parts or stressed parts requires Owner’s
approval. Dissimilar welds in wet H2S services shall (PSR) not be used.
PTS 12.20.01
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5.4 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
5.4.1 Heat treatment /PWHT shall be in accordance with the Code.
5.4.2 Contractor shall comply the requirement of heat treatment, PWHT temperature and its
duration if specified in EDRS for process reasons or to improve corrosion resistance or to
achieve specific material properties.
5.4.3 Heat treatment procedures, including thermocouple location and attachment shall be
submitted to Owner for review. The fabricator shall ensure the vessel support is adequately
supported during heat treatment. Sagging analysis shall be conducted and approved by
Owner.
5.4.4 No welding, cutting or burning is permitted after the vessels have been PWHT.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 28 of 71
6.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING
6.1 GENERAL QUALITY ASSURANCE
6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified by Owner, all pressure vessels materials/ components shall be
procured only from Owner’s approved vendor list and the pressure Vessel shall be fabricated
at ASME Certified fabrication shop.
6.1.10 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) shall be established by Manufacturer for all pressure vessels and
shall be furnished to Owner for approval/ agreement of hold point of Third Party Inspection
(TPI) agency and Owner.
6.1.11 The non-destructive examination (NDE) plan for pressure vessels in very toxic service, other
than ITP shall be completed as part of the requisition
6.1.12 The extent of nondestructive examination (NDE) for the vessel shall be as per code and
Owner based on service condition and shall be indicated in EDRS. The inspection procedures
shall be furnished for Owner’s approval prior to start of fabrication including a demonstration
test at appropriate stage.
6.1.13 The UT wall thickness readings shall be made to record “As built thickness” of the pressure
parts and stressed components including skirt. The reading shall be taken in a grid lines system
on circumferential (2 lines per shell course as well in knuckle zone of head) and longitudinal
direction (at an interval of 30O) for shell and heads for records. The nozzle UT thickness at two
location 180O apart (one bottom side for horizontal nozzles and bend) shall also be taken. An
as built UT wall thickness mapping record shall be furnished with documentation.
6.2 HARDNESS AND IMPACT TESTING
6.2.1 Impact testing shall be in accordance with code requirement. No deviation is allowed to
change any impact-testing requirement without Owner approval.
6.2.2 All welding procedure qualification test shall include a cross-section and hardness traverses
performed in accordance with PTS 15.12.01.
6.2.3 Production welds

i. Transverse hardness testing shall be performed in accordance with PTS 15.12.01
on production welds especially for hydrogen charging service.
ii. Hardness testing shall be performed in accordance with a procedure that has been
reviewed and approved by the Owner.
6.3 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
6.3.1 Extent of Examination

i. Radiography testing (RT) shall be performed for all welds in accordance with the
requirements of the Division to which the vessel is constructed. The minimum
extent of RT required for each weld category and type shall be in accordance with
joint efficiency selected.
PTS 12.20.01
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ii. Ultrasonic examination (UT) in lieu of RT shall is permitted for material with
thickness >38 mm. UT is preferred for category A or B for most of the material.
iii. If any part is subjected to severe working (ratio of thickness to local radius greater
than 5 %), all the welds of the part shall be 100% radiographed (before it is subject
to severe working) regardless of the material, thickness or service condition. UT
may be used in lieu of RT on materials ≥13mm thickness.
iv. All welds shall be 100% radiograph, prior to forming, for the dished head if
fabricated from more than one piece i.e. other seam less plate. UT may be used
in lieu of RT on materials 13mm or greater in thickness.
v. All radiography shall be performed before PWHT as per PTS and code requirement
and same level of radiography shall be performed after PWHT for all equipment.
The radiography prior to PWHT may be waived off, subject to approval of Owner,
only for non-hydrocarbon and non-cyclic service carbon steel equipment having
Design pressure <500 kPa and design temperature ≥ 50 °C to 345°C.
6.3.2 Acceptance criteria

i. Acceptance of weld radiographs shall be in accordance with the Division to which
the vessel is constructed. For linear indications the acceptance criteria shall be in
accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 2, Part 7.
ii. No linear indications is permitted for vessels operating below 0°C, or vessel with
MDMT < (-) 50°C.
6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
6.4.1 Extent of examination

i. UT examination shall be in accordance with radiography requirements of the code
of construction of the vessel. The minimum extent of the examination required
shall be in accordance with the joint efficiency selected and/or as specified in
EDRS. The UT procedure shall be approved by Owner
ii. Ultrasonic examination (UT) shall be used for all Category A and B welds greater
than 38 mm in accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 2, Part 7. For Division
1, code case 2235 shall be used.
iii. For all Categories A, B or D welds, Ultrasonic examination (UT) shall be performed
on all welds after PWHT.
iv. UT shall be performed on all clad plate in accordance with Appendix 2 of this PTS
and SA-578 of ASME Section II Part A, acceptance standard level B.
v. For ≥ 50 mm nominal thickness of forgings, UT shall be performed in accordance

with ASME Section VIII Division 2, Part 3.
vi. UT shall be performed in accordance with SA-578 of ASME Section II Part A, on all
plate thickness ≥ 50mm and shall meet acceptance standard Level B. Scanning
shall be on perpendicular 225 mm grids unless otherwise specified.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 30 of 71

i. UT acceptance result shall be in accordance with the relevant design and
construction code.
ii. Acceptance of weld UT results when performed in lieu of RT shall be in accordance

with Division 2, Part 7 for Division 2 vessels or Code Case 2235 for Division 1
vessels.
6.5 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

i. All welds from austenitic stainless steel or nonferrous material shall be 100%
examined by Liquid Penetrant (PT) in accordance with the Division the vessel is
constructed however it shall not be < 10%.
ii. All welds from austenitic stainless steel or nonferrous material , regardless of
thickness or service , shall be 100% PT after the part is subjected to severe working
(ratio of thickness to local radius greater than 5%), prior to next step of fabrication.
iii. Liquid Penetrant (PT) shall be performed to all cold formed heads from austenitic
stainless steel or nonferrous material at the knuckle region i.e. inside and outside
surface after forming or any heat treatment conducted.
iv. Liquid Penetrant (PT) shall be performed to all welds in cold formed heads from
austenitic stainless steel or nonferrous material for the full length of the welds
inside and outside surfaces after forming or any heat treatment conducted.
v. Liquid Penetrant (PT) shall be performed on all welds required PWHT by code,
from austenitic stainless steel or nonferrous material prior to PHWT
vi. 100% PT shall be performed on all weld overlay applied for corrosion resistance.
Each layer shall be PT examined if multiple passes is required as per procedure.
The final surface shall be 100% PT after final heat treatment.
vii. 100 % PT shall be conducted on all machined surface weld overlay. Acceptance of
PT examination results shall be in accordance with the Division the vessel is
constructed.
i. Acceptance of PT examination results with regards to all indications shall be in

accordance with the Division to which the vessel is constructed.
ii. The acceptance for weld overlay applied component shall be zero cracks or crack-
like indications.
PTS 12.20.01
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6.6 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

i. Magnetic Particle (MT) shall be conducted on all welds constructed from ferrous-
magnetic material in accordance with the requirements of the Division the vessel
is constructed. The minimum extent of MT for each weld category and type shall
be in accordance with the joint efficiency selected.
ii. All welds from ferrous-magnetic material , regardless of thickness or service , shall
be 100% MT after the part is subjected to severe working ( ratio of thickness to
local radius greater than 5%) ,prior to fabrication.
iii. Magnetic Particle (MT) shall be performed to all cold formed heads from ferrous
-magnetic material at the knuckle region i.e. inside and outside surface after
forming or any heat treatment conducted.
iv. Magnetic Particle (MT) shall be performed to all welds in cold formed heads from
ferro-magnetic for the full length of the welds inside and outside surfaces after
forming or any heat treatment conducted
v. Magnetic Particle (MT) shall be performed on all welds required PWHT by code,
from ferro-magnetic prior to PHWT
vi. Internal weld seams for all deaerator vessels shall be 100% examined by Wet
Fluorescent Magnetic Particle (WFMT) prior to PWHT. The acceptance of MT
results shall be in accordance with the Division the vessel is constructed.
Acceptance of MT examination results with regards to all indications shall be in accordance

with the Division to which the vessel is constructed.
6.7 VISUAL EXAMINATION
Visual inspection (VT) shall be 100% conducted to all pressure containing parts and vessel
supports. All visual defect shall be removed or repaired in accordance with the Division the
vessel is constructed.
All visual defects shall be removed or repaired unless found acceptable to the Division to which
the pressure vessel is constructed.
PTS 12.20.01
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6.8 OTHER EXAMINATIONS
6.8.1 Acoustic emission (AE)
AE shall be in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 12. The examination shall be performed
during HT (hydrostatic testing) and further examined by RT or UT. AE testing shall be
conducted for anhydrous ammonia storage vessels.
6.8.2 Hydrostatic pressure testing

i. Hydrostatic test (HT) shall be conducted using water as the preferred medium. For
water quality, draining and drying requirements shall be in accordance with PTS
12.02.01.
ii. The minimum water temperature shall be 17°C above the MDMT of the vessel.
The test fluid and vessel material shall be allowed to equalize to approximately
the same temperature before start of pressurization.
iii. Unless otherwise agreed by Owner, the test pressure shall be determined in
accordance with the construction code. The test pressure shall be based on MAP
(Maximum Allowable Pressure, refer to note below) in lieu of MAWP.
In no case, the test pressure calculated with MAP shall exceed the following stress
limit:
a) 90% yield stress for ASME Sec VIII Div. 1 design case.
b) 95% yield stress for ASME Sec VIII Div. 2 as defined in Para 4.1.6.2 (a)
The vessel shall be held at full test pressure (+1%, -0%) for at least 15 minutes.
Note: MAP shall be considered as “calculated pressure” as defined in UG 99 (c) of ASME Sec VIII Div. 1 and para
8.2.1 (e) of ASME Sec VIII Div.2. The calculated pressure may be reduced with consent of the Owner, to
limit the stress during hydro test as defined above.
iv. HT shall be performed prior to painting or other protective coating on the welds
and heat affected zones.
v. New gasket of same type as required for service shall be used for all hydrostatic
pressure test. Gasket and stud bolts used for HT shall not be reused for final
installation. Gasket shall not be reused after crack open the flange or joints have
been broken.
vi. The test water from the equipment, after successful testing, shall be drained and
dried thoroughly for adequate preservation.
6.8.3 Pneumatic pressure test

i. Pneumatic pressure testing shall not be permitted unless approved by Owner and
furnished with fracture control plan. Refer PTS 12.02.01 for distance requirement
during field-testing at site. Approval from Owner is required if other fluid is
proposed to use.
ii. A preliminary leak test shall be performed at 50% of operating pressure or 150 kPa
whichever is less is allowed in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 10.
PTS 12.20.01
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iii. The test fluid shall be dry, oil-free, clean and meetings the requirements of Class
1, 2 or 3 air in accordance with ISO 8573-1
iv. The test fluid shall have a dew point between -20°C and -70°C
6.8.4 Leak Testing

Pneumatic test shall be performed on all reinforcing pads at a gauge pressure of 150 kPa to
check its tightness.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 34 of 71
7.0 CLEANING, PACKAGING AND SHIPMENT

7.1 CLEANING
7.1.1 All pressure vessels shall be cleaned from slag, debris, grit, scale, weld rod, stud ends, sand,
water and other foreign material prior to shipment. Refer PTS 16.52.05 and PTS 15.05.01 for
additional information on various cleaning methods.
7.2 PACKAGING
7.2.1 Detailed packing lists, describing the packages and contents shall be submitted to Owner for
review prior to shipment. All packages shall be identified by package number and have vessel
tag. All spare part and service gasket shall be separately packaged for shipment.
7.2.2 The Manufacturer shall ensure all Pressure vessel fabricated from austenitic materials shall be
adequately protected from chloride exposure.
7.2.3 All pressure vessel parts such as flange faces, machined surfaces or delicate parts shall be well-
greased and protected against rusting and damage during shipment.
7.2.4 Tell-tale weep holes in reinforcing pads, corrosion plates, etc., shall be properly sealed by hard
grease.
7.2.5 Nozzles and manholes shall be protected by covers attached with new bolts and gasket. All
flange face shall be covered with a minimum 5 mm steel of similar P number as flange face,
minimum of four bolts with rubber gasket between the cover and flange. Plastic weld bevel
protectors or steel cover shall be provided to welding stub ends. All opening shall be sealed or
closed to prevent any entry of moisture during shipment and subsequent storage
7.2.6 Bolts and nuts shall be coated with suitable thread lubricant to prevent galling or corrosion.
Copper or Molybdenum di-sulphide containing thread lubricants shall not be used.
7.2.7 Precautionary marking on Pressure Vessel where applicable shall have the following markings,
180 degree apart, 75 mm lettering:
i. POST WELD HEAT TREATED - DO NOT BURN OR WELD
ii. LINED VESSEL - DO NOT BURN OR WELD
7.2.8 Pressure vessel shall be purged with inert gas such as nitrogen at pressure of not less than
35kPa for vessel transported over the ocean.
7.2.9 Insulation set shall be provided for dissimilar materials connection.
7.3 SHIPMENT
7.3.1 The Manufacturer shall ensure that all loading and anchoring vessels are designed to prevent
any damage during shipment.
7.3.2 The manufacturer shall submit a loading diagram to Owner for review and comment for
vessels of 20 Ton or more. The diagram required approval by the carrier.
PTS 12.20.01
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7.3.3 The Owner will advise the manufacturer if a specific direction of entry into the site shall be
taken.
7.3.4 Shipping saddles shall be of steel or of steel reinforced timber construction. It shall be
contoured to fit with sufficient contact of minimum arc length shall be 120 degree. Where
required stiffening ring, auxiliary removable spiders, struts, bands shall be provided.
Temporary support shall not be of moisture retaining material such as raw wood.
7.3.5 All internal shall be installed and securely in place. Temporary bracing to hold the internals
during shipment is not permitted.
7.3.6 Delivery of vessel via barge or boat via an open water tow the following design criteria shall
apply for vessel with vertical COG do not exceed 30ft above the barge deck.
i. Lateral acceleration: 0.05g
ii. Vertical acceleration: 0.25g

PTS 12.20.01
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8.0 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS OF PD -5500

8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1 The relevant clauses of this PTS shall be applicable if the Pressure Vessel is designed as per PD
5500, in addition the following supplementary requirements mentioned below shall be
complied with.
8.1.2 Materials of Grade M1 with specified minimum tensile strength (Rm) exceeding 500 N/mm2
may be used subject to the approval of the Owner if Manufacturer can prove that satisfactory
welding results have been accomplished (with either test plates or previous vessels).
8.1.3 Ultrasonic examination in accordance with EN 10160 grade S2E2 shall be applicable for vessel
in hydrogen service. For clad materials in this service, see Appendix 2 of this PTS.
8.1.4 The category 3 specified in PD 5500 may only be selected with approval of Owner for Pressure
Vessels for non-corrosive, non-flammable, non-cyclic and non-toxic services.
8.1.5 Aluminium Vessels bolting if selected as carbon steel and low-alloy steel shall be aluminized
type otherwise the bolting shall be made from Stainless Steel
8.1.6 Aluminium grades shall be suitable for type of application and shall be with approval of Owner.
Aluminium grades having a magnesium content of 3% or higher shall not be used for design
temperatures above 65 °C. The UT test for Aluminium vessel shall not be used unless approved
by Owner.
8.1.7 All weld of the pressure parts and stressed parts shall be full penetration type, the following
figures of weld joint details shall not be used for construction category 1 and 2 vessels:
i. E.1 d); E.2 e), g), h);
ii. E.4 b), d), e); (Backing strips if provided shall be removed after welding, inert gas shall be provided
if the weld can’t be back gouged and welded)
iii. E.5 a), b), c)
iv. E.10 a) b); E.11 a), b); E12 a),b); E.13 a), b); E.18; E.19 a), b)
v. E.20 a), b); E.28; E.29 e), f), g)
vi. E.30 a), b); E.31 b); (Socket weld and Threaded connection only be used if approved by Owner)
vii. E.32 b), E.37 a), b); E.38 a), b) c) d) f)
viii. E.42; E.43 a)

PTS 12.20.01
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9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/ Publications. Unless specifically
designated by date, the latest edition of each standard shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:
PETRONAS STANDARDS
Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS 00.01.03
Minimum Loadings And Load Combinations For Onshore Structural Design PTS 11.10.01
Seismic Hazard assessment for Onshore facilities PTS 11.10.02

Passive Fire and Cryogenic Protection for Structure steel PTS 11.15.01
Field inspection prior to commissioning of mechanical equipment PTS 12.02.01
Installations of Pressurized bulk LPG Storage PTS 12.20.02
Pressure Vessels - Manufacturing report PTS 12.20.06
Piping General requirements PTS 12.30.02
Positive Material Identification (PMI) PTS 15.02.01
Equipment History Cards PTS 15.06.01

Brittle Fracture of Metallic materials PTS 15.10.01
Materials and fabrication requirements for Cr-Mo heavy wall pressure PTS 15.10.02
vessels (amendments/supplements to API RP 934)
Welding of metals (amendments/supplements to API RP 582) PTS 15.12.01
Stainless Steel weldments Oxidation PTS 15.12.03
Insulating and dense refractory concrete linings PTS 15.13.04
Cathodic Protection PTS 15.20.01
Protective Coating and Lining PTS 15.20.03
Design and installation of chemical-resistant brick lining for process PTS 15.20.09
equipment
Glass lined steel equipment and piping PTS 15.20.10
Radiographic Testing PTS 15.30.01
Ultrasonic Examination PTS 15.30.02
Preservation of Old and new equipment and piping standing idle PTS 15.44.01
Design Condition: Temperature, pressure and toxicity PTS 16.50.01
Columns Internals PTS 16.52.06
Overpressure and Underpressure -Prevention and Protection PTS 16.53.01

PTS 12.20.01
Page 38 of 71
STANDARD DRAWINGS
Vortex Breakers D12.92.001

Flanges for non ‐ Pressure Pipe Connections Inside Vessels D12.92.002
Pad-type hand holes with cover flange ANS class 150 and 300 for unfired D12.92.006
carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel pressure vessels
Pad-type hand holes - carbon steel D12.92.010
Pad-type hand holes - carbon steel with lining D12.92.011
Typical Details of Insulation Collar for Carbon, Low‐Alloy Steel and Stainless D12.92.012
Steel Apparatus
Davit for ASME or BS blind flanges nom. size 12 – 24 inch incl., classes 150- D12.92.018
600 incl.
Typical details of bush-lined, overlay welded and clad steel nozzles D12.92.020
Flanged Thermowell Nozzle DN40mm on Equipment D12.92.021
Nameplate with bracket for vessels and heat-exchange equipment D12.92.024
Skirts, cylindrical and conical D12.92.028
Support rings for insulation D12.92.030
Saddles for horizontal vessels - shell dia. nom. 150 up to and incl. 1000 mm D12.92.054
OD
Saddles for horizontal vessels - shell dia. 1050 mm OD up to and incl. 3600 D12.92.055
mm OD
Sliding Plate for Saddles of Horizontal Vessels D12.92.056
Ladder – typical details of sliding/fixed connections D11.92.046
Platforms - cleats and brackets to columns (design load max 300 kg) D11.92.047
Platforms - cleats and brackets to columns (design load max 300 kg) D11.92.048
Earthing boss for steel structures, tanks, vessels, etc. D13.92.037
AMERICAN STANDARDS
Materials and Fabrication requirements for 2-1/4Cr-1Mo & 3Cr-1Mo Steel API RP 934
Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High temperature, High pressure Hydrogen
service
Steels for hydrogen service at elevated temperatures and pressures in API RP 941
petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants.
PTS 12.20.01
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Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine Units API RP 945

Issued by:
American Petroleum Institute
Publications and Distribution Section,1220 L Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20005, USA
Materials ASME Sec. II

Nondestructive Examination ASME Sec. V
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 – Rules for ASME Sec.
construction of pressure vessels VIII, Div. 1
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2 – Alternative ASME Sec.
rules for construction of pressure vessels VIII, Div. 2
Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications ASME Sec. IX
Pipe flanges and flanged fittings NPS ½ through NPS 24 ASME B16.5
Large diameter steel flanges NPS 26 through NPS 60 ASME 16.47
Fitness-for-Service ASME FFS-1 ASME FFS-1
Standard specification for carbon steel forgings for piping applications ASTM A 105
Standard specification for seamless carbon steel pipe for high temperature ASTM A 106
service
Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy ASTM A 234
steel for moderate and elevated temperatures
Standard specification for corrosion-resisting chromium steel-clad plate, ASTM A 263
sheet, and strip
Standard specification for nickel and nickel base alloy-clad steel plate ASTM A 265
Standard specification for stainless chromium-nickel steel-clad plate, sheet ASTM A 264
and strip
Standard specification for seamless and welded steel pipe for low ASTM A 333
temperature service
Standard specification for forgings, carbon and low alloy steel, requiring ASTM A 350
notch toughness testing for piping components
Standard specification for pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, for moderate ASTM A 516
and lower temperature service
Straight-beam ultrasonic examination of plain and clad steel plates for ASTM A 578
special applications
Through-thickness tension testing of steel plates for special applications ASTM A 770
Standard specification for steel plates for pressure vessels, produced by ASTM A 841
Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Standard test method for indentation hardness of metallic materials by ASTM E 110
portable hardness testers
Standard practice for assessing the degree of banding or orientation of ASTM E 1268
microstructures
PTS 12.20.01
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Issued by:
American Society for Testing and Materials,USA
NACE TM0177
Materials resistant to sulfide stress cracking in corrosive petroleum refining NACE MR0103
environments
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S -containing NACE MR0175
environments in oil and gas production
Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking and NACE TM0177
Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments
Avoiding Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel Refinery NACE SP 0403
Equipment and Piping
Methods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Environmental Cracking of NACE SP 0472
Carbon Steel Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments
Laboratory test procedures for evaluation of SOHIC resistance of plate steels NACE TM0103
used in wet H2S service
Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels for resistance to hydrogen- NACE TM0284
induced cracking
Issued by:
NACE International, 1440 South Creek Dr.
Houston, TX 77084-4906,
USA
BRITISH STANDARDS
Specification for Unfired fusion welded Pressure Vessel PD 5500
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hardness testing. Hardness EN 1043-1
test on arc welded joints
Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 3: Weldable fine EN 100028-3
grain steels, normalized
Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal or greater than 6 EN 10160
mm (reflection method)
Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the EN 10164
surface of the product; technical delivery conditions
Issued by:
CEN,Rue de Stassart 36
B-1050 Brussels ,Belgium
Steel and steel products, inspection documents ISO 10474

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S -containing ISO 15156
environments in oil and gas production
PTS 12.20.01
Page 41 of 71
Issued by:
International Organization for Standardization
3, Rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Genève 20, Switzerland
PTS 12.20.01
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APPENDIX 1 : MINIMUM DESIGN VALUES FOR NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS
1.1 DIMENSION, DIRECTION AND ROTATION NOMENCLATURE
The following nomenclature shall be used in conjunction with Figure 1-1below:
1.1.1 Forces
Fz = Axial forces, kN
Fy = Circumferential forces, kN
FX = Longitudinal forces, kN
1.1.2 Moments
My = Circumferential moments, kNm
Mz = Torsional moment, kNm
MX = Longitudinal moment, kNm
Figure 1: Forces and Moments

1.2 STANDARD NOZZLE LOAD TABLES
1.2.1 Nozzles loading as per Table 1-1
1.2.2 Notes to nozzle tables:
i. Values listed are not applicable to pressure vessels constructed of non-ferrous materials,
austenitic stainless steel less than 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick or non-metallic materials.
Allowable nozzle loads for pressure vessels fabricated from these materials shall be
calculated individually.
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ii. Loads on nozzles without flanges shall use the applicable table for which the appropriate
pressure class would apply.
iii. Calculations shall be performed to show the stress does not exceed that as permitted by
the values listed in Table 1-1 or as permitted by the Code.
iv. Other forces and moments that exist due to external loadings such as equipment shall be
calculated at the applied values.
v. All forces and moments shall be taken as acting at the intersection of the nozzle centreline
axis at the mid-thickness of the vessel shell or head.
vi. Directions and rotations shown in Figure 1-1 shall be considered positive sign convention.
If other solutions are used, forces and moments shall be converted to the applicable sign
notation.
vii. The moments ‘M’ and the forces ‘F’ shall be applied simultaneously in in all directions as
shown in Figure 1-1, and are considered to act at the nozzle to shell junction.
viii. The value of nozzle loadings used for design purposes shall be clearly stated on the
vessel drawings for future reference.
Table 1– 1 Standard loads for nozzles
Class 150 Class 300 Class 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500
Nozzle Size
F M F M F M F M F M F M
DN NPS kN kNm kN kNm kN kNm kNm kNm kNm kNm kNm kNm
50 2 1.04 0.38 1.37 0.40 1.91 0.44 2.46 0.48 3.55 0.56 5.41 0.69
80 3 1.83 1.15 2.40 1.23 3.36 1.37 4.32 1.51 6.25 1.78 9.51 2.25
100 4 2.39 1.79 3.14 1.94 4.40 2.19 5.65 2.44 8.16 2.94 12.43 3.80
150 6 3.88 3.75 5.11 4.20 7.15 4.95 9.19 5.70 13.28 7.20 20.23 9.75
200 8 5.48 6.18 7.21 7.16 10.10 8.79 12.98 10.42 18.76 13.69 28.57 19.24
250 10 7.17 9.05 9.43 10.84 13.20 13.82 16.97 16.80 24.51 22.76 37.34 32.90
300 12 8.92 12.35 11.73 15.28 16.43 20.16 21.12 25.04 30.51 34.79 46.47 51.38
350 14 10.73 16.10 14.12 20.54 19.77 27.93 25.41 35.33 36.71 50.12 N.A N.A
400 16 12.59 20.30 16.57 26.66 23.20 37.27 29.83 47.88 43.09 69.09 N.A N.A
450 18 14.51 24.96 19.09 33.71 26.72 48.29 34.36 62.87 49.63 92.02 N.A N.A
500 20 16.46 30.11 21.66 41.73 30.33 61.11 38.99 80.48 56.32 119.23 N.A N.A
600 24 20.49 41.89 26.96 54.00 37.74 92.61 48.52 124.30 70.09 187.70 N.A N.A
PTS 12.20.01
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APPENDIX 2 : ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VESSELS CONSTRUCTED OF MATERIAL

WITHCORROSION RESISTANT INTEGRAL CLADDING, WELD METAL OVERLAY
2.0 Cladding/ Overlay
2.1 Pressure vessels or vessel parts constructed of base material with corrosion-resistant integral
clad (by explosion bonded or roll bond clad) or weld-metal overlay cladding the following
additional requirements shall be complied with:
i. Integrally clad plate shall be of the homogeneously clad type as obtained by roll
cladding or explosive cladding. The clad plates shall conform to ASTM-A 263, A
264 or A 265, as applicable, regardless of the design calculation method used.
ii. Internal attachments shall not be welded directly to the cladded surface unless
approved by Owner for the lighter component supported with the design
calculation. Internal structure supports shall directly be welded to the base metal.
iii. The calculation of the required wall thickness shall not include the thickness of the
material used for cladding or lining.
iv. Integrally clad plate and linings applied by overlay weld depositing, and products
formed from these materials, shall be ultrasonically examined to check the quality
of the bond in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A 578, acceptance level
B. In addition the following requirements shall be fulfilled:
a) Any un-bonded area shall be smaller than 10 cm2;

b) The total of the un-bonded areas shall not exceed 100 cm2 per 1 m2 area
of plate (areas less than 1.0 cm2 shall be disregarded).
v. This requirements also applies to clad restoring of welds in clad plate where a
band of 50 mm wide on each side of the weld shall be examined.
vi. The following shall also be complied with:
a) Only overlay-welded nozzles or nozzles made of integrally clad plate shall

be used.
b) The design of nozzles with bush lined overlay weld and clad steel nozzles
shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing D 12.92.020.
c) If it is not feasible to have small size nozzles < 3” with weld over lay/
integrally cladded or bush lines a solid alloy nozzle with weld details and
procedure may be proposed with justification for Owner’s approval.
d) The weld in base metal shall be 100% examined using NDE before weld
overlay, UT examination shall be carried out on finished weld after
completion of all weld overlay including repair / clad restoring and PWHT.
vii. The welding procedure shall be qualified in accordance with ASME IX, QW-217,
which is referred to in ASME VIII, Div. 2, Part 6.5 and PTS 15.12.01.
a) The weld overlay of the production welds at a depth of 2 mm shall be
chemically analysed to the following extent:
- One analysis per course; one analysis per each head and one analysis
for each nozzle.
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The material composition shall comply with the specification of chemical

requirement for the original clad material.
b. The ferrite content of the weld overlay of the production welds at a depth
of 2 mm shall be determined to the following extent:
- One analysis per course; one analysis per each head and one analysis
for each nozzle.
The ferrite content shall be between 3% and 8%.
c) Liquid penetrant examination shall be performed over the entire clad
surface. The acceptance criterion shall be zero indications of cracks.
viii. The grade and thickness of stainless steel overlay may be specified by Owner in
the EDRS.
ix. The Manufacturer shall demonstrate that he is able to control the chemical
composition of the weld overlay within agreed values, either by using a normal
two-layer technique in which the first layer is applied with a low heat input, or by
a proven single-layer mechanised welding process. The latter is subject to the
approval of the Owner.
x. If it is necessary for partial removal of weld overlay or alloy clad for fabrication
step, by grinding, machining or otherwise, the track record of the thickness of alloy
removal or alloy replenishment during each step shall be recorded and reviewed
by Owner. Final thickness of clad or weld overlay shall be confirmed by NDE
measurements.
xi. When the entire nozzle surface, including elbows and flanges, needs to be weld
overlaid and/ or at critical locations where approach is less, the welding specialist
shall furnish the procedure and methods for inspection including borescope used
to demonstrate the quality. The Entire weld overlay surface shall be 100 %
inspected by copper sulphate solution and liquid penetrant test.
PTS 12.20.01
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APPENDIX 3 : ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS CONSTRUCTED FROM Cr-

Mo STEELS
3.0 General Requirements

3.1 The additional requirements shall apply to all pressure vessels, for any service including
hydrogen service, constructed from chromium-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) steels of all grades. In
addition to these requirements, for heavy-wall vessel ≥ 50 mm high-pressure hydrogen service
pressure vessels constructed from 2¼Cr-1Mo, 2¼Cr-1Mo-¼V, 3Cr-1Mo or 3Cr-1Mo¼-V steels,
refer to PTS 15.10.02. The heavy-wall pressure vessels constructed from 1¼Cr-½Mo,
API RP 934C to be complied with.
3.2. Material’s chemical composition, temperature and soaking period for austenitizing, quenching
and tempering and intermediate and final heat treatment envisaged including guarantee of as
built properties after heat treatment to be furnished for Owner’s approval. The base material
shall be vacuum degassed and aluminium killed.
3.3 Vanadium modified grades of 2.25Cr-1Mo shall only be used if Manufacturer can demonstrate
experience in welding and heat treating these materials in heavy wall reactors. Procedures and
practices to detect and avoid reheat cracking shall be submitted for Owner’s review before
manufacturing.
3.4 When using vanadium enhanced steels, two of the untested welding production control test
plates shall be used to prepare four test blocks for installation in the equipment, Preparation
and installation of the test blocks shall be in accordance with the requirements below:
i. The test blocks shall be made by welding a block from the heat with the lowest J-factor to
the block from the heat with the highest J-factor, as shown in Figure C -1.
ii. J-factor = (%Si + %Mn) x (%P + %Sn) x 104
iii. The outside surface shall be clad or weld overlayed in accordance with the same
procedures used for the vessel. The heat number and J-factor shall be stamped in the
cladding or weld overlay of the respective piece.
iv. A total of four test blocks shall be installed as follows:

 2 blocks, 180° apart, in the top of the vessel and 2 blocks, 180° apart, in the bottom of
the vessel.
v. Each block shall be installed loose, in a cage attached to supports on the vessel wall. The
design of this cage shall be subject to the approval of the Owner.
PTS 12.20.01
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Figure 3 -1 Test block for installation in a Cr-Mo vessel
3.5 Fabrication and Inspection

i. The preheat temperature shall be maintained during flame cutting, inter-passes
welding, arc gouging, welding of temporary attachments and other thermal
applications.
ii. If the final required heat treatment is not performed directly after welding, a
post-weld soaking heat treatment shall be performed at a temperature of 345°C
for 3 hours, without cooling down below the preheat temperature, prior to
cooling down to ambient temperature.
iii. Nozzle welds in 2¼ Cr or higher alloys shall receive an intermediate post-weld
heat treatment (called an ISR) in accordance with API RP 934A.
iv. Formed heads shall be inspected in the same way as the base plate material and
shall be delivered in the quenched and tempered condition.
v. The cut edges shall be given 100 % magnetic particle examination and there shall
be no indications.
PTS 12.20.01
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APPENDIX 4 : TOLERANCES
Figure 4 -1 Tolerances
PTS 12.20.01
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APPENDIX 5 : SOUR SERVICE REQUIREMENT FOR UPSTREAM PRESSURE VESSELS

5.1 SCOPE
This specification establishes the minimum requirements for sour service requirements for
upstream pressure vessels.
5.2 SPECIFIC ABBREVIATIONS

No Abbreviation Description
1 ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
2 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
3 CE Carbon Equivalent
4 CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy
5 CTR Crack Thickness Ratio
6 CLR Crack Length Ratio
7 CSR Crack Sensitivity Ratio
8 FCAW Flux Core Arc Welding
9 FN Ferrite Number
10 GHSC Galvanically Induced Hydrogen Stress Cracking
11 HAZ Heat Affected Zones
12 HIC Hydrogen Induced Cracking
13 ISO International Standard of Organization
14 MT Magnetic Particle Testing
15 NDT Non-Destructive Testing
16 NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineer
17 PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment
18 PT Penetrant Testing
19 PTS PETRONAS Technical Standards
20 SSC Sulphide Stress Cracking
21 SCC Stress Corrosion Cracking
22 SOHIC Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking
23 TMCP Thermal/Mechanical Controlled Process
24 WPS Welding Procedure Specification
25 WPQR Welding Procedure Qualification Record
26 WPQT Welding Procedure Qualification Tests
Table 5.1: Abbreviations
5.3 DEFINITION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SOUR SERVICE
“Sour” service is the term used for environments containing sufficient H2S to cause cracking of
materials by the mechanisms addressed in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 when the following
conditions exist:
i. H2S concentrations are
PTS 12.20.01
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a) For gas-containing systems the partial pressure of H2S exceeds 3.0 mbar
(0.05 psi) (abs), or;
b) For liquid containing systems when the concentration of H2S is higher
than that occurring in a liquid equilibrium with a gas containing H2S at a
partial pressure of 3.0 mbar (0.05 psi) (abs); and
ii. An electrolyte (typically an aqueous phase) is in contact with the steel
Cracking of materials by the mechanisms addressed in this appendix requires that an

electrolyte or aqueous phase that may enter a nominally dry system.
Applicable conditions for SSC and HIC susceptibility for carbon or low alloy steel can be referred
to sections E 4.3 and E 4.4 of this appendix.
Applicable conditions for SSC, SCC and GHSC susceptibility for CRA can be referred to section E
5.4 of this appendix.
The approach to materials selection and testing has been standardised and is described in the
applicable sections of this appendix.
5.4 CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS

All carbon and low alloy steel pressure vessels operating in upstream exploration and
production environments (offshore/onshore) that are or maybe exposed to process streams
where potential cracking mechanisms caused by sour process environment are considered a risk
shall be designed and fabricated in accordance with the additional requirements of this
appendix.
There are several types of material damages that can occur as a result of aqueous hydrogen
charging in sour process environments. These include sulphide stress cracking (SSC) of hard
weldments and microstructures, hydrogen blistering, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and
stress-oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC).
SSC is the occurrence of brittle crack propagation under the combined action of stress and
absorbed atomic hydrogen. Hydrogen blistering, HIC and SOHIC are lamellar cracking
phenomena, often connected or (in the case of HIC and SOHIC) propagating in a stepwise
manner. Hydrogen blistering, HIC and SOHIC are most commonly associated with plate or strip
product forms and are much less common in seamless pipe or wrought products (although HIC
has been experienced in seamless products which have a poor microstructure due to incorrect
chemistry or heat treatment).
5.4.1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

All materials shall be in accordance with the chemistry, mechanical properties and heat
treatment requirements of NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-2 and as specified by this appendix.
All materials shall be supplied in the normalised condition as a minimum requirement.
Normalising shall be carried out as a separate heat treatment.
The material hardness requirement shall be at 248 HV10 maximum.
5.4.1.1 Plates
Heat treatments other than normalising such as quench and tempering (Q+T) or
thermal/mechanical controlled process (TMCP), used to improve microstructure homogeneity
and enhance HIC resistance may be applied only with the approval of the Owner.
PTS 12.20.01
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5.4.1.1.1 Chemical Composition

Chemical composition (product analysis) shall meet the requirements of Table 5.2, unless the
standard material specification is more restrictive.
Single Elements Maximum %
Carbon (C) 0.20
Manganese (Mn) 1.30
Phosphorous (P) 0.01
Sulphur (S) 0.003
Silicon (Si) 0.40
Nickel (Ni) 0.40
Copper (Cu) 0.40
Chromium (Cr) 0.30
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.12
Vanadium (V) 0.02
Niobium (Nb) 0.02
Titanium (Ti) 0.02
Boron (B) 0.001
Multiple Elements
Cr + Mo 0.30
Ni + Cu + Cr + Mo 0.80
Carbon Equivalent (CE)
Notes 1 and 2
t  50 mm (2 in) 0.43
50 mm (2 in) < t  200 mm (4 in) 0.45
t > 200 mm (4 in) 0.48
NOTES:
1. Carbon Equivalent (CE) shall be calculated by the following formula:
2. The micro-alloying elements boron (B), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) shall not be
intentionally added to the steel unless the TA has given prior approval. Chemical analysis results and
carbon equivalent shall be reported in a material test report (MTR).
3. Refer to sections E 4.3 and E 4.4 for SSC and HIC requirements respectively.
Table 5.2: Material Chemistry Requirements (Note 3)

PTS 12.20.01
Page 52 of 71
5.4.1.1.2 Mechanical Properties

All plates shall have actual yield strength of less than 450 MPa. If the actual yield strength is
greater than 450 MPa , the materials shall undergo SSC testing in addition to HIC testing.
5.4.1.1.3 Examination
Ultrasonic testing shall be performed on all carbon steel plate materials regardless of the
thickness according to ASTM A578, supplementary requirements S2.2, maximum defect area
100mm2 or EN10160 grade S2E2 to avoid the presence of delamination that may initiate HIC.
Scanning shall be continuous over 100 % of the plate surface.
5.4.1.2 Forgings
Forgings shall be in accordance with ASME SA-105N, ASME SA-266, ASME SA-350-LF2 or
ASME SA-765, with the following restrictions:
i. Carbon : 0.25 % maximum
ii. CE : 0.43 maximum
iii. Sulphur content : 0.025% maximum
iv. Hardness value : 200HV10 maximum and shall be maintained as base metal
hardness value during welding procedure qualification and the production welds
5.4.1.3 Seamless Pipes and Fittings
Seamless pipes shall be in accordance with ASME SA-106 or ASME SA-333 and ASME SA-
234/ASME SA-420 for fittings, with the following restrictions:
i. Carbon : 0.23 % maximum
ii. CE : 0.43 maximum
iii. Sulphur content : 0.01% maximum
5.4.1.4 Welded Pipes and Fittings

Generally, only seamless pipes and fittings should be used for pressure vessel nozzles. Base
materials shall be in accordance with the above specifications. Where this is impractical,
welded pipes and fittings may be used and shall be manufactured from plate complying with
section 5.4.1.1 of this appendix. Such fittings shall be welded by means of welding procedures
qualified in accordance with section E 4.2 of this appendix and shall be HIC tested.
5.4.1.5 Wrought Fittings for Seamless and Welded Type
Hardness value for wrought fittings shall be less than 210HV10 and shall be maintained as a
base metal hardness value during production welds.
5.4.2 WELDING AND HARDNESS REQUIREMENTS

5.4.2.1 Welding Procedure Qualification
Welding procedure qualification for sour service material during manufacturing and
fabrication shall include hardness and HIC testing requirement. HIC test results from the same
HIC compliant base material and electrode can be used to qualify other WPS with the same
base material specification and electrode of the same brand and specification. A separate HIC
test is required to qualify WPS with PWHT from the same base material and electrode.
The level of sulphur in the welding consumables should be controlled to less than 0.02%.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 53 of 71
The welding consumables shall not contain more than 1.00% nickel. The welding consumables
containing more than 1.00% nickel are acceptable after successful weld SSC qualification
testing in accordance with NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-2 Annex B.
In addition to the standard mechanical tests, each WPQT shall include a macro-section and
hardness traverses in accordance with EN 1043-1. No part of the weld, HAZ or base metal shall
exceed 248 HV 10. WPQT hardness testing shall be performed by the Vickers method.
5.4.2.2 Production Welds
The following shall be implemented for pressure vessels fabrication:
i. Transverse weld hardness testing of production welds shall be carried out at the
root and cap weld using a portable Vickers hardness tester in accordance with
ASTM E 110 or by another method capable of detecting the hardness in a reliable
and reputable manner if approved by Owner.
ii. Whenever possible, hardness tests shall be made on the inside (process-contacted
side) of the pressure vessels.
iii. Hardness tests shall be made on properly prepared ground surfaces.
iv. On heat-treated pressure vessels, hardness testing shall be carried out after
PWHT.
v. A minimum one set of hardness measurements shall be carried out for each
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) applied during weld production and for
each 3 m of finished weld on the pressure vessels.
vi. A minimum one set of hardness measurements shall be carried out for each
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) applied during weld production for pipe
nozzles and subsequently 5% of the total joints for each WPS.
vii. For each set of hardness measurements required, the average of three
measurements on the weld and on each HAZ shall be reported.
viii. No part of the weld and HAZ shall exceed 248 HV 10.
When one set of the average hardness measurements fails to meet the required acceptance
criteria for piping, two additional weldments shall be prepared for retesting. If one or both of
the retest weldments fail, then this shall be cause for rejection of the weldment.
5.4.2.3 Weld Joint Requirements
Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW) shall not be used for pressure boundary or welds attaching parts
to the pressure boundary.
Filler material with yield strength greater than 450 MPa (65 ksi) shall undergo SSC testing in
addition to HIC testing. All arc strikes and areas where temporary attachments have been
welded shall be ground smooth. Appropriate NDT method (MT and/or PT) shall be conducted
after ground smooth
Same NDT method shall be conducted prior to and after PWHT.
5.4.2.4 Post Weld Heat Treatment
PWHT shall be conducted as specified in ASME Sec VIII for pressure vessels. The final hardness
value of the weldment, HAZ and base metal shall be at 248 HV10 maximum.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 54 of 71
If the nominal thickness is less than specified in ASME Sec VIII for pressure vessels but the
hardness value is more than 248HV10, PWHT shall be conducted to reduce the final hardness
below 248 HV10. As an alternative, the weldment for the piping maybe cut out and re-welded.
The maximum hardness for the new weld shall be below 248HV10
5.4.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR SSC TESTING
The materials shall comply with SSC-resistant carbon and low alloy steel materials
requirements as per NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-2 Annex A and as specified in this appendix.
Materials which do not meet any of the requirements stated above or with yield strength
above 65 ksi shall undergo SSC Test. The material hardness shall be at maximum of 248 HV10.
5.4.3.1 Test Procedures and Reporting
Test procedures and reporting shall be in accordance with NACE TM0177 Solution A.
5.4.3.2 Acceptance Criteria
Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 Annex B.
5.4.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR HIC TESTING
The risk of HIC to carbon steel or low alloy steel materials shall be considered if the partial
pressure of wet H2S > 3.0 mbar (0.05 psi) as specified in section E 3.0.
HIC testing is not required in the event of partial pressure of wet H2S < 3.0 mbar (0.05 psi).
However, HIC testing requirement shall be considered under the following conditions:
i. Inadequate and/or contradicting H2S data.
ii. High potential souring of the reservoir.
iii. Future tie-ins with high H2S fields.
iv. Longer design/operating life of the facilities e.g. > 25 years.
HIC test shall be performed on flat rolled carbon steel products and welded pipe with the
maximum sulphur content 0.003%, regardless of the material thickness. If the sulphur content
is greater than 0.003%, the materials shall be rejected.
Seamless pipes or products e.g. nozzles and forged carbon steel materials are not required to
be HIC tested but shall comply with maximum sulphur requirement specified in Table 5.3.
These materials shall be HIC tested if the maximum sulphur level is exceeded.
Steel product %wt

Seamless 0.01
Forging 0.025
Table 5.3: Maximum Acceptable Level of Sulphur in Steels
Casting products are not required to be HIC tested unless joining and repair by welding is to
be utilized.
Testing and reporting shall be in accordance with PTS 15.23.01: Hydrogen induced cracking
sensitivity test (Amendments/supplements to NACE TM0284).
PTS 12.20.01
Page 55 of 71
The equipment or material supplier shall be responsible for ensuring their equipment or
material complies with the HIC testing requirements. HIC testing by the original material
manufacturer is acceptable provided traceability of the materials to the final product is
established.
Material inspection certificates shall be in accordance with ISO 10474 Type 3.1C or EN 10204
Type 3.2. The equipment or material supplier shall be responsible to appoint the approved
independent 3rd party inspector by the Owner.
Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with PTS 15.23.01, as stated in Table 5.4 below:
%(maximum)
CLR CTR CSR
Average per specimen 15 5 2
Table 5.4: Acceptance Criteria for HIC Testing
If more stringent criteria are specifically required by the Owner based on severity such as plate
thickness ≥30mm or design as per ASME Sec VIII Div. 2, the acceptance criteria shall be in
accordance with Table 5.5.
%(maximum)
CLR CTR CSR
Average per specimen 5 1.5 0.5
Single 7 2 0.7
Table 5.5: Acceptance Criteria for HIC Testing for More Severe Cases
5.5 CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS (CRA) MATERIALS

All materials shall be in accordance with NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3 and as specified by this
appendix in sections E 5.1 and E 5.2 for Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels respectively.
Other CRA materials shall be referred to NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3.
5.5.1 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS (IDENTIFIED AS MATERIAL TYPE AND AS INDIVIDUAL ALLOYS)
Table A.2 of Annex-A in NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3 shall be replaced with Table 5.6 as shown
below. If any of properties specified in Table 6 are exceeded, the Austenitic Stainless Steels
shall be tested for SSC, SCC and GHSC cracking resistance as indicated in section 5.5.4
No Materials Temperature Partial Chloride pH Sulphur Remarks
type/ Pressure concentration Resistant?
Individual H2S,pH2S (d)
alloy UNS max
number max max mg/L
0
C (F) kPa (psi)
93 (200) 10.2 (1.5) 5 000 ≥ 5.0 No
S31603
1 See Any in-situ pH
(316L) (b) 120 (248) 0.8 (0.12) 60 000 No
remarks occurring in
production
PTS 12.20.01
Page 56 of 71

alloy UNS max
number max max mg/L
0
C (F) kPa (psi)
environment is
acceptable
149 (300) 10.2 (1.5) 1 000 ≥ 4.0 No
155 (311) 1.5 (0.22) 38 000 ≥ 3.8 No
Any
combinations
of chloride
concentration
S20910 See and in situ pH
2 66 (150) 100 (15) See remarks No
remarks occurring in
(XM-19)
production
(c)
environments
are
acceptable.
Any in-situ pH
occurring in
production
environments
is acceptable
All other Cold working
Austenitic (bending) of
stainless See instrument
steel 60 (140) 1.5 (0.22) 60 000 No tubing up to
remarks
9.5% total
deformation is
from acceptable
3 materials even if the
maximum
type
hardness of 22
described
HRC is
in A.2 of exceeded
NACE MR
These
0175/ISO
materials have
15156-3
been used
(a)
See See See without
50 No restrictions on
remarks remarks remarks
temperature,
pH2S, or in situ
pH in
production
PTS 12.20.01
Page 57 of 71

alloy UNS max
number max max mg/L
0
C (F) kPa (psi)
environment.
No limits on
individual
parameters
are set but
some
combinations
of the values
of these
parameters
might not be
acceptable.
NOTES:
A limit on the martensite content of these austenitic stainless steels should be considered. The stress
corrosion cracking resistance of all austenitic stainless steels of the material type described in A.2 can
be adversely affected by cold working.
(a) These materials shall:
 be in the solution-annealed and quenched, or annealed and thermally-stabilized heat-treatment
condition,
 be free of cold work intended to enhance their mechanical properties, and
 have a maximum hardness of 22 HRC.
 have a ferrite number in the range of 3FN to 8FN for the base material, HAZ and the weldment.
(b) UNS S31603 shall be in the solution-annealed and quenched condition when used in environments
outside the limits imposed for the material type (i.e. in the top two rows), but within those given
specifically for S31603. The following conditions shall apply:
 The material shall be free from cold work caused by shaping, forming, cold reducing, tension,
expansion, etc. after the final solution annealing and quenching treatment.
 After the final solution annealing and quenching treatment, hardness and cold work incidental to
machining or straightening, shall not exceed the limits imposed by the appropriate product
specification.
(c) UNS S20910 is acceptable for environments inside the limits imposed for the material type and for
this alloy specifically, in the annealed or hot-rolled (hot/cold-worked) condition at a maximum
hardness of 35 HRC.
(d) All the above indicated Austenitic Stainless Steel shall not be used if the hydrocarbon has any
presence of elemental sulphur. If there is any presence of elemental sulphur, the material shall be
selected based on Annex F Table F-1 MR0175/ISO15156-3/Cir.2:2013(E)
Table 5.6: Environmental and Materials Limits for Austenitic SS Used for Any Equipment or
Components
PTS 12.20.01
Page 58 of 71
5.5.2 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS (IDENTIFIED AS MATERIAL TYPE AND AS INDIVIDUAL ALLOYS)
Table A.24 of Annex-A in NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3 shall be replaced with Table 5.7 as shown
below. If any of properties specified in Table 5.7 is exceeded, the Duplex Stainless Steels shall
be tested for SSC, SCC and GHSC cracking resistance as indicated in section E 5.4

Individual H2S,pH2S (b)
alloy UNS max
number max max mg/L
0
C (F) kPa (psi)
30 ≤ FPREN
≤ 40, See
1 200 (390) 1 (0.15) 150 000 No
Mo ≥ 1.5 remarks Any in situ pH
% occurring in
production
See environments
200 (390) 2 (0.3) 150 000 No
40 < FPREN remarks is acceptable
2
≤ 45 See
200 (390) 8 (1.2) 30 000 No
remarks
These
30 ≤ FPREN
materials have
≤ 40, See See
3 See remarks 50 NDS(a) been used
Mo ≥ 1.5 remarks remarks without
% restriction on
temperature,
pH2S or in situ
pH in
production
environment.
No limits on
individual
40 < FPREN See See parameters
4 See remarks 50 NDS(a) are set but
≤ 45 remarks remarks
some
combinations
of the values
of these
parameters
might not be
acceptable
Wrought and cast duplex stainless steels shall:
 be solution-annealed and liquid-quenched,
 have a ferrite content (volume fraction) of between 40-60% for base material and HAZ, and 30-
60% for weldment and
PTS 12.20.01
Page 59 of 71
 not have undergone ageing heat-treatments.

Hot isostatic pressure-produced (HIP) duplex stainless steel UNS S31803 (30 ≤ FPREN ≤ 40, Mo ≥ 1.5 %)
shall have a maximum hardness of 25 HRC and shall:
 be solution-annealed and liquid-quenched,
 have a ferrite content (volume fraction) of between 40-60% for base material and HAZ, and 30-
60% for weldment and
 not have undergone ageing heat-treatments
NOTES:
Higher values of FPREN provide higher corrosion resistance; however, they also lead to increased risk of sigma- and alpha-
prime phase formation, in the materials' ferrite phase, during manufacture, depending on product thickness and achievable
quench rate. The ranges of FPREN quoted are typical of those found to minimize the problem of sigma- and alpha-prime phase
formation. For FPREN calculation can be referred to Section 6.3 of NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3. The reference FPREN value also
given in Annex D of NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3
(a) No data submitted to ascertain whether these materials are acceptable for service in the presence of elemental sulphur
in the process environment. Refer to note (b)
(b) All the above indicated Duplex Stainless Steel shall not be used if the hydrocarbon has any presence of elemental
sulphur. If there is any presence of elemental sulphur, the material shall be selected based on Annex F Table F-1
MR0175/ISO15156-3/Cir.2:2013(E)
Table 5.7: Environmental and Materials Limits for Duplex Stainless Steels Used for Any Equipment or
Component

The requirements for the cracking-resistance properties of weldment of austenitic stainless
steels and duplex stainless steels (and their materials groups) shall be in accordance with NACE
MR 0175/ISO 15156-3 section A.2.3 and A.7.3 respectively.
However, the ferrite content (volume fraction) of duplex stainless steel shall be in between
40-60% for base material and HAZ, and 30-60% for weldment.
The maximum hardness for weldment and HAZ for Austenitic Stainless Steel and Duplex
Stainless Steel are 22HRC and 28 HRC respectively.
5.5.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR SSC, SCC AND GHSC TEST
The materials shall comply with SSC/SCC/GHSC-resistant CRA materials requirements as per
Annex A in NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3 and as specified by this appendix.
Materials which do not meet any of the requirements stated above shall undergo SSC, SCC and
GHSC Test.
Test procedures and reporting shall be in accordance with NACE TM0177 Solution A.
Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with Annex B of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3
PTS 12.20.01
Page 60 of 71
5.6 CARBON OR LOW ALLOY STEEL MATERIALS CLAD WITH CRAs

Pressure vessel may be constructed as Carbon Steel Clad with CRAs depends upon an analysis
of the corrosivity of the internal and external environment, material properties and economic
factors. CRA cladding may be full or partial depending upon the assessed corrosivity of the
pressure vessel.
CRA cladding will reduce the amount of hydrogen produced due to corrosion (possibly to zero
- no corrosion process on the CRA) and diffusion of hydrogen through the CRA will be several
orders of magnitude slower than through carbon steel.
Therefore the risk of SSC and HIC on the carbon steel behind the cladding is considered
negligible and no HIC and SSC testing are required for fully cladded vessel.
In case where the risk of erosion is expected throughout the service life to damage the CRA
cladded layer, the base carbon and low alloy steel materials shall comply with the requirement
as per section E 4.0 of this appendix.
However for partially cladded pressure vessel, the uncladded portion of carbon or low alloy
steel materials shall follow the SSC and HIC requirements as per sections E 4.3 and E 4.4 of this
appendix.
For internal cladding performed through weld overlay, carbon or low alloy steel base materials
shall follow the SSC and HIC requirements as per sections E 4.3 and E 4.4 of this appendix.
Sheet lining is not acceptable for sour service application for any components of pressure
vessel.
The additional following requirement shall be followed for both partially and fully carbon or
low alloy steel CRA clad pressure vessel:
i. NDT inspection shall be applied with 100% coverage on the CRA surface of cladded
carbon or low alloy steel material e.g. UT and DPI to ensure there will be no defects
that exposed to the surface of carbon or low alloy steel e.g. pinhole etc.
ii. The materials for cladding shall comply with SSC/SCC/GHSC-resistant CRA material
requirements as per Annex A in NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156-3 and as specified by this
appendix in section E 5.0.
The requirement of welding and hardness for carbon steel or low alloy steel clad with CRA
shall be similar with requirement as specified in section E 5.3 depend upon the respective
consumables used.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 61 of 71
APPENDIX 6 : WET H2S SERVICE REQUIREMENT FOR DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE VESSELS
6.1 SCOPE
This specification establishes the minimum requirements for wet H2S service requirements for
downstream pressure vessels.
6.2 SPECIFIC ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
The same abbreviations in Appendix 5 applies for this Appendix.
6.3 DEFINITION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WET H2S SERVICE
6.3.1 Specific Definition
"Wet H2S " or “Sour Service” are the terms used for Oil and Gas process environments
containing water and H2S (including other corrosives or contaminants). The Specific Definition
of Terms are listed in Table 6.1 below.
No. Terms Definition
1. H2S content of The sum of the dissolved (molecular) H2S, bisulphide ion (HS-1),
water and sulphide ion (S-2) concentrations in the water phase,
resulting from the presence of H2S in the process system.
2. Cyanide content The concentration of ‘free’ cyanide (CNFree), expressed in
of water ppmw, in the sour water resulting from the presence of HCN
and CN- in the process stream.
3. The carbonate This is the actual carbonate ion concentration used to
ion (CO3-2) determine the susceptibility to carbonate cracking.
concentration
4. Sulphide Stress Carbon and low alloy steel can be susceptible to SSC when
Cracking (SSC) exposed to wet H2S. SSC is a form of delayed fracture
consecutive to absorption of hydrogen specifically in the
presence of H2S. Only short duration of exposure (a matter of
hours) can be sufficient to lead to SSC.
5. Hydrogen HIC is also related to hydrogen embrittlement in presence of
Induced H2S and is identified as internal cracking caused by gaseous
Cracking (HIC) hydrogen recombination inside steels. Step Wise Cracking
(SWC) is a form of embrittlement related to HIC. SWC is a
cracking mechanism that connects hydrogen-induced cracks
on adjacent planes in steel. These phenomena are slower than
SSC and can take several months or few years to occur.
The susceptibility to HIC/SWC depends on the amount of

metallic impurities in the steel (mainly sulphur) and on the
manufacturing route that induce particular microstructure and
inclusion morphology.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 62 of 71
HIC concerns only flat-rolled and long products such as plates,

strips etc. HIC risk shall be considered for continuous wet H2S
service conditions.
6. Stress Oriented SOHIC is SSC caused by combination of external stress and the
Hydrogen local strain around HIC. SOHIC is related to SSC and HIC/SWC.
Induced It has been observed in parent metal and in the HAZ of welds.
Cracking
(SOHIC) SOHIC risk is only considered for carbon and low alloy steel
equipment operated continuously in wet H2S service.
7. Carbonate Carbon and low alloy steel in wet H2S environment containing
Stress Corrosion also carbonate can be susceptible to Carbonate SCC. The risk
Cracking of cracking mostly depends on the carbonate concentration,
(Carbonate SCC) the pH, the NH3 content and the ratio NH3/H2S.
Table 6.1: Specific Definition of Terms
6.3.2 Susceptibility to cracking and Wet H2S severity categories
Environment severity e.g water, H2S, CNFree, CO3-2, material properties e.g chemistry,
mechanical properties, thermal history and susceptibility of materials to each potential
damage mechanism shall be considered in the selection of materials, testing and requirements
for PWHT of downstream pressure vessels.
6.3.2.1 Process environment considerations
Process environment in normal operating condition and short-term upsets e.g. start-up,
shutdown, process upsets, shall (PSR) be considered if the damage mechanism is anticipated.
For normal operating condition, Table 6.2 provides the Wet H2S severity category based on
pH, cyanide content and sulphide content of water.
Where more than one active mechanism is anticipated, the materials and PWHT requirements
may have to be combined.
Owner shall approve the Wet H2S severity category for each equipment.
6.3.2.2 Wet H2S severity categories
The wet HsS severity category shall be assessed in accordance with Table 6.2.
Sulphide content of water

Cyanide content [mg/kg (ppmw)]
pH of water [mg/kg (ppmw)] <1 1 to 49 50 to 1000 > 1000
(Note 1)
WET H2S SEVERITY CATEGORY
(Note 2)
<4 NA Neg HIC HIC HIC
≥4 NA Neg Neg HIC HIC
7.6 to 7.9 >50 Neg HIC HIC SOHIC
>7.6 >20 Neg HIC SOHIC SOHIC

Table 6.2: Wet H2S Severity Categories
PTS 12.20.01
Page 63 of 71
Note 1: The level of cyanide has no significance at pH 7.5 and below

Note 2: pH values are from NACE MR 0103
Note 3: Wet H2S is considered when H2S partial pressure exceeds 0.0003 MPa a (0.05 psia) with presence of
water.
Supplementary requirements to Table 6.2 are as follows:
Wet H2S service – HIC is applicable to:

1 Pressure vessels in contact with gas phase, if the partial pressure of H2S is higher than
0.3 kPa and cyanide content is lower than 20 ppm.
Wet H2S service – SOHIC is applicable to:
1 Pressure vessels in contact with gas phase, if the partial pressure of H2S is higher than
0.3 kPa and cyanide content is higher than 20 ppm.
Carbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking – CSCC is applicable to:
1 Wet H2S service and a pH of 7.6 or greater and carbonate concentration of 100 ppmwt
or greater in water.
2 Wet H2S service and a pH of 8.4 or greater and carbonate concentration of 10 ppmwt
or greater in water.
Table 6.3: Supplementary requirements to Table 6.2
Cracking of materials by the mechanisms addressed in this appendix requires that an
electrolyte or aqueous phase that may enter a nominally dry system.
The approach to materials selection and testing has been standardised and is described in the
applicable sections of this appendix.
6.4 CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS

All carbon and low alloy steel pressure vessels operating in downstream that are or maybe
exposed to process streams where potential cracking mechanisms caused by wet H2S
environment are considered a risk shall be designed and fabricated in accordance with the
additional requirements of this appendix.
6.4.1 Material Requirements for Carbon Steel
All materials exposed to wet H2S service including pressure retaining base materials shall (PSR) be
supplied with an inspection certificate in accordance with EN 10204 Type 3.2.
The requirements for chemical analysis shall apply to heat and product analysis. For welded
components, chemical analysis shall include the elements used for the determination of CE.
Explosively clad, roll bonded or fusion-bonded corrosion resistant overlay such as austenitic or
austenitic-ferritic stainless steel or nickel alloy are considered to be effective barriers when
exposed to “Wet H2S services” and the backing material does not require to conform to this PTS.
In cases of erosion of the CRA clad layer is anticipated, the backing carbon steel material shall
conform to this PTS.
All carbon steel components shall comply with ISO 15156/NACE MR 0103.
All materials shall be supplied in the normalised condition as a minimum requirement.
Normalising shall be carried out as a separate heat treatment.
The material hardness requirement shall be at 248 HV10 maximum.
PTS 12.20.01
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6.4.1.1 Plates
Plates shall conform to ASME II SA 516 or ASTM A 516 (as applicable) with supplementary
requirement S1 (Vacuum Treatment) and S3 (Simulated Post Weld Heat Treatment of
Mechanical Test Coupons).
Non pressure retaining attachments, both internally and externally, are exempted from
this PTS with the exception of materials as detailed in 3.0 which has undergone successful Wet
Fluorescent Magnet Particle Testing.
Plates produced from coils are not permitted.
All carbon steel plate materials shall be fully killed and supplied in the normalized
condition. The acceptability of hot-finished material shall be subject to the approval of the
Owner.
Other heat treatment conditions such as Q&T or TMCP shall be subjected to Owner
agreement.
Plate material shall be mechanically tested in the simulated PWHT condition (to anticipate the
minimum heat treatment cycles foreseen during fabrication of the vessel).
6.4.1.1.1 Chemical Composition
Chemical composition (product analysis) shall meet the requirements of Table 6.4, unless the
standard material specification is more restrictive.
Single Element: Maximum wt%

a) Carbon (C) 0.20
b) Manganese (Mn) 1.30
c) Silicon (S) 0.40
d) Sulphur (S) 0.002
e) Phosphorous (P) 0.010
f) Copper 0.40
g) Nickel (Ni) 0.40
h) Chromium (Cr) 0.30
i) Molybdenum (Mo) 0.12
j) Vanadium (V) (Note 2) 0.020
k) Niobium (Nb/Cb) (Note 2) 0.020
l) Titanium (Ti) (Note 2) 0.020
m) Boron (B) (Note 2) 0.0005
n) Oxygen 0.0025
Multiple Elements
o) Cr + Mo 0.30
p) Ni + Cu + Cr + Mo 0.80
PTS 12.20.01
Page 65 of 71
q) V + Titanium (Ti) + Nb 0.15

r) V + Nb 0.02
CE (Note 1)
t ≤ 50mm 0.43
50mm < t ≤ 200mm 0.45
t > 200mm 0.48
Table 6.4: General material chemistry requirements
Notes:
1. CE shall be calculated by the following formula:
2. Deliberately added micro alloying elements shall require prior approval of Owner Micro alloying elements are
considered to be deliberately added when the single values of Niobium (Nb), Vanadium (V), and Titanium (Ti)
are greater than 0.02 and Boron (B) greater than 0.0005.
6.4.1.1.2 Mechanical Properties

All plates shall have actual yield strength of less than 450 MPa. If the actual yield strength is
greater than 450 MPa, the materials shall undergo SSC testing in addition to HIC testing.
6.4.1.1.3 Manufacturing of Steel Plate
The steel shall be produced by electric arc furnace or in the basic oxygen furnace process. The
steel shall be vacuum degassed and produced to a fine grain practice, with low sulphur and
phosphorus process. Grain size shall be 7 or finer as defined by ASTM E 112.
Calcium treatment shall be applied for inclusion shape control, except that it need not be
applied to plate with very low sulphur levels (below 0.002%). The calcium content should not
exceed 3 times the sulphur content. Alternative methods of inclusion shape control shall be
subject to the acceptance of Owner.
The manufacturing/rolling process shall be such that a homogeneous microstructure is
obtained, i.e. the structure shall be free of any significant ferrite/pearlite banding and any
centre line segregation.
The Manufacturer shall submit the following information in the proposal:
a) Steel making route, deoxidisation and desulphurisation practice, inclusion
shape control method, use of vacuum degassing.
b) Casting route, ingot or continuous casting, segregation control procedures,
rolling reduction.
Material test certificate shall include the provisions for simulated PWHT to anticipate
maximum heat treatment cycle foreseen during fabrication of the equipment in
accordance with the supplementary requirements S3 of ASTM A 20. As a minimum, material
certificate shall include but not limited to:
a) Chemistry
b) Mechanical properties after simulated PWHT
c) HIC testing results (when required)
d) UT results
PTS 12.20.01
Page 66 of 71
e) Impact tests results (when required to satisfy MDMT requirements)

f) Heat treatment reports
g) Hardness test results and location shall be recorded in CMTR
6.4.1.1.4 Examination
Ultrasonic testing shall be performed on all carbon steel plate materials regardless of the
thickness according to ASTM A578, supplementary requirements S2.2, maximum defect area
100mm2 or EN10160 grade S2E2 to avoid the presence of delaminations that may initiate HIC.
Scanning shall be continuous over 100 % of the plate surface.
Acceptance criteria Level C shall apply.
6.4.1.2 Forgings
Forgings shall be in accordance with ASME SA-105N, ASME SA-266, ASME SA-350-LF2 or
ASME SA-765, with the following restrictions:
Element Maximum %
Carbon 0.25
Manganese 1.35
Phosphorus 0.015
Sulphur 0.010
CE (formula in 6.4.1.1.1) 0.43
Table 6.5 Chemical Analysis Requirement for Forgings
For any reduction of 0.01 below the specified Mn % content, an increase of 0.01 Sulphur and
Phosphorus above the specified maximum values shall be permitted up to respectively 0.025
for Phosphorus and 0.015 for Sulphur.
No HIC Testing is required on Forgings.
Hardness value shall be 200 HV 10 maximum and shall be maintained as base metal hardness
value during welding procedure qualification and the production welds.
6.4.1.3 Seamless Pipes and Fittings

Chemical analysis on heat shall be in accordance with following restrictions:
Element Maximum %
Carbon 0.23
Manganese 1.20
Silicon 0.30
Sulphur 0.010
Phosphorus 0.020
CE (formula in 6.4.1.1.1) 0.43
Table 6.6: Chemical Analysis Requirement for Seamless Pipe and Fittings
6.4.1.4 Welded Pipes and Fittings
PTS 12.20.01
Page 67 of 71
Generally, only seamless pipes and fittings should be used for pressure vessel nozzles. Base
materials shall be in accordance with the above specifications. Where this is impractical,
welded pipes and fittings may be used and shall be manufactured from plate complying with
section 6.4.1.1 of this appendix. Such fittings shall be welded by means of welding procedures
qualified in accordance with section 6.4.2 of this appendix and shall be HIC tested.
After rolling and welding, pipes shall be subjected to PWHT in accordance with 6.4.1.7 at the
pipe mill (Refer NACE SP 0472).
Longitudinal welds shall be examined on their full length by UT and/or RT.
CE calculated using the formula specified in 6.4.1.1.1 shall be 0.43% Maximum.
6.4.1.5 Wrought Fittings for Seamless and Welded Type

Hardness value for wrought fittings shall be less than 210 HV 10 and shall be maintained as a
base metal hardness value during production welds.
6.4.1.6 Pressure Retaining Equipment Design
Slip-on flanges shall not be permitted.
All internal and external attachments shall be attached to the pressure retaining parts using
full penetration weld.
6.4.1.7 Forming
Carbon steel shall be thermally stress-relieved (either PWHT as per 6.4.2.5 or
Normalized) following any cold deforming by rolling, cold forging, or another
manufacturing process that results in a permanent outer fibre deformation greater than 5%.
The use of pipe and weld caps for shells and heads is not allowed.
6.4.2 Welding and Hardness Requirements
6.4.2.1 Welding Procedure Qualification
Welding procedure qualification for wet H2S service material during manufacturing and
fabrication shall include hardness and HIC testing requirement. HIC test results from the same
HIC compliant base material and electrode can be used to qualify other WPS with the same
base material specification and electrode of the same brand and specification. A separate HIC
test is required to qualify WPS with PWHT from the same base material and electrode.
The level of sulphur in the welding consumables should be controlled to less than 0.02%.
Welding parameters for production welding shall be within the following ranges of the PQR:
• Amps -5% to +15%
• Volts -5% to +15%
• Travel Speed -15% to +5%.
Minimum / maximum interpass temperatures shall be restricted to the values shown in

the supporting WPQR and the maximum interpass temperature shall be 200°C.
6.4.2.2 Hardness Test on Transverse Section
In addition to the standard mechanical tests, each WPQT/WPQR shall include a macro-section
and hardness traverses in accordance with EN 1043-1. No part of the weld, HAZ or base metal
shall exceed 248 HV 10. WPQT hardness testing shall be performed by the Vickers method.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 68 of 71
The series of readings shall include unaffected base material (BM), Heat Affected Zone (HAZ),
Weld Metal (WM). Typically HAZ is taken from Fusion Line (FL) +2mm and from FL +5mm.
Photomacrographs showing the indent locations shall be submitted with the PQR.
The maximum hardness shall not exceed 210 HV10 in any area of BM, WM and HAZ.
WPQR shall also include surface Brinell hardness test on WM, and BM as per the same test
method that will be used during production as per 3.8.3. The maximum value shall not exceed
200HB.
Test coupons for hardness testing shall be subject to the minimum heat treatment cycle
anticipated during fabrication.
6.4.2.3 Production Welds
The following shall be implemented for pressure vessels fabrication:
ix. Transverse weld hardness testing of production welds shall be carried out at the
root and cap weld using a portable Vickers hardness tester in accordance with
ASTM E 110 or by another method capable of detecting the hardness in a reliable
and reputable manner if approved by Owner.
x. Whenever possible, hardness tests shall be made on the inside (process-contacted
side) of the pressure vessels.
xi. Hardness tests shall be made on properly prepared ground surfaces.
xii. Hardness testing shall be carried out after PWHT.
xiii. A minimum one set of hardness measurements shall be carried out for each
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) applied during weld production and for
each 3 m of finished weld on the pressure vessels.
xiv. A minimum one set of hardness measurements shall be carried out for each
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) applied during weld production for pipe
nozzles and subsequently 5% of the total joints for each WPS.
xv. For each set of hardness measurements required, the average of three
measurements on the weld and on each HAZ shall be reported.
xvi. No part of the weld and HAZ shall exceed 248 HV 10.
When one set of the average hardness measurements fails to meet the required acceptance
criteria for piping, two additional weldments shall be prepared for retesting. If one or both of
the retest weldments fail, then this shall be cause for rejection of the weldment.
6.4.2.4 Weld Joint Requirements
Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW) shall not be used for pressure boundary or welds attaching parts
to the pressure boundary.
Filler material with yield strength greater than 450 MPa (65 ksi) shall undergo SSC testing in
addition to HIC testing. All arc strikes and areas where temporary attachments have been
welded shall be ground smooth. Appropriate NDT method (MT and/or PT) shall be conducted
after ground smooth
Same NDT method shall be conducted prior to and after PWHT on all arc strikes and locations
where temporary attachments have been removed and ground smooth; all accessible inside
PTS 12.20.01
Page 69 of 71
surfaces of pressure retaining welds and internal accessible attachment welds. No linear
indications shall be acceptable.
Nickel content of welding consumables shall not exceed 1%.
Weld metal analysis shall be within ASME IX A-Numbers 1.
6.4.2.5 Post Weld Heat Treatment
PWHT is mandatory irrespective of thickness when classified as wet H2S service category.
PWHT shall be conducted as specified in ASME Sec VIII for pressure vessels. The final hardness
value of the weldment, HAZ and base metal shall be at 248 HV10 maximum.
If the nominal thickness is less than specified in ASME Sec VIII for pressure vessels but the
hardness value is more than 248HV10, PWHT shall be conducted to reduce the final hardness
below 248 HV10. As an alternative, the weldment for the piping maybe cut out and re-welded.
The maximum hardness for the new weld shall be below 248HV10.
When Carbonate SCC is expected in the service, the minimum heat treatment temperature
shall be 650°C with a hold time of one hour per 25 mm of thickness, with a minimum of one
hour.
6.4.3 Requirements for SSC and SOHIC Testing
If there is no evidence on the suitability of wet H2S service for the raw materials or
manufacturing procedure provided by the plate manufacturer or Contractor, SSC tests shall be
conducted as part of the manufacturing procedure qualification.
Three specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld.
All SSC test specimens which meet the acceptance criteria of 6.4.3.1 shall be evaluated for
SOHIC. However, Contractor shall seek Owner advice on the necessity of SOHIC test.
Test procedures and reporting shall be performed according to NACE TM0177 Solution A.
The SSC acceptance criteria shall be to ISO 15156-2 Annex B, clause B.4.2.3.
Minimum acceptance criteria for SOHIC test shall be agreed with Owner.
6.4.4 Requirements for HIC Testing
HIC test shall be performed on flat rolled carbon steel products and/or welded pipe.
Testing and reporting shall be in accordance with PTS 15.23.01: Hydrogen induced cracking
sensitivity test (Amendments/supplements to NACE TM0284).
The vendor/supplier shall be responsible for ensuring their pressure vessel or material
complies with the HIC testing requirements. HIC testing by the original material manufacturer
is acceptable provided traceability of the materials to the final product is established.
Material inspection certificates shall be in accordance with ISO 10474 Type 3.1C or EN 10204
Type 3.2. The equipment or material supplier shall be responsible to appoint the approved
independent 3rd party inspector by the Owner.
Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with PTS 15.23.01, as stated in Table 6.7 below:
PTS 12.20.01
Page 70 of 71
%(maximum)
CLR CTR CSR
Average per specimen 15 5 2
Table 6.7: Acceptance Criteria for HIC Testing
If more stringent criteria are specifically required by the Owner based on severity such as plate
thickness ≥30mm or design as per ASME Sec VIII Div. 2, the acceptance criteria shall be in
accordance with Table 6.8.
%(maximum)
CLR CTR CSR
Average per specimen 5 1.5 0.5
Single 7 2 0.7
Table 6.8: Acceptance Criteria for HIC Testing for More Severe Cases
6.5 OTHER METALLIC MATERIALS

Metallic materials are classified in several material groups in NACE MR0103 Table 1.
All alloys highlighted below may be suitable in “Wet H2S service” provided they comply with
the following requirements.
6.5.1. Alloy Steel, Cast Iron and Ductile Iron
This covers sections 2.1 and 2.2 of NACE MR0103, with the exception of Carbon Steel.
6.5.1.1 Material Requirements
For downstream pressure vessel, NACE MR0103 requirements shall apply. Alternatively, PTS
15.01.05, PART III Amendments and supplements to ISO 15156-2 may be applied at the
discretion of the Owner.
6.5.2. Alloy Steel Non Ferrous Material

This covers sections 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 of NACE MR0103.
PTS 12.20.01
Page 71 of 71
6.5.2.1 Material Requirements

For onshore processes and equipment, NACE MR0103 requirements shall apply. Alternatively,
PTS 15.01.05, PART IV Amendments and supplements to ISO 15156-3 may be applied at the
discretion of the Owner.
6.5.2.1.1 Titanium alloy
For temperatures greater than 80°C, Titanium alloys shall not be allowed in “Wet H2S service”.
Titanium alloys shall be galvanically insulated from materials which can create an electrical
couple with titanium.
6.5.2.1.2 Aluminium alloys
In process streams outside the pH range of 4.0 to 8.5, Aluminium alloys shall not be allowed.
6.5.2.1.3 Copper alloys
The Owner shall review the condition for the use of copper alloys in process streams
containing free NH3, amines, sulphides.

Petronas Technical Standards: Pressure Vessels

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Petronas Technical Standards: Pressure Vessels

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PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

© 2015 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 6

5.0 DRAWINGS AND FINAL DATA ........................................................................................ 24

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definitions of Terms & Abbreviations

1.2.2 Specific definitions

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

ii. Design pressure ≥ 10 MPa

iii. Operating in cyclic service

iv. Operating in creep region

2.2 CODE STAMP

i. Material of Construction (MOC) of Cr-Mo steel or high alloy steels

ii. Hydrogen and lethal services

iii. Low temperature equipment of lower than -46°C

2.3 MINIMUM THICKNESS

Table 1: Minimum Wall Thickness

2.3.4 Cladding/ Lining

2.4 CORROSION ALLOWANCE

Service Material Minimum Corrosion

General process and mild carbon steel and low-alloy 1.5 mm

Corrosive Service carbon steel and low-alloy 3 mm

Non-corrosive or very mildly carbon steel and fine grain 1 mm

Flanges Faces All material Nil

Service in which the fine grain carbon steel, 3.5% 1 mm

All services Aluminium and stainless None (unless specified

Table 2: Minimum Corrosion Allowance for pressure parts

2.4.2 Corrosion allowance for non-pressure internal parts

Item Corrosion allowance

Stainless steel internals none

Heavily-loaded components (catalyst grids, 100% of the corrosion allowance

Table 3: Minimum Corrosion Allowance for non-pressure internal parts

2.5 DESIGN TEMPERATURE

i. Lowest temperature which can occur during full operation pressure/design

ii. Lowest temperature during depressurization conditions

iii. Lowest ambient temperature

2.6 DESIGN PRESSURE

2.6.3 External pressure

2.7 OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION

2.8 DESIGN LOADS

2.8.4 Wind Induced Loadings

ii. Vessel design shall include following:

ii. H/200 all other equipment

2.9 CREEP ANALYSIS

2.9.2 If cyclic service is a consideration or operation temperature is in the time dependent

2.10 FATIGUE EVALUATION

2.11 PRESSURISED LPG STORAGE

2.12 MARINE SYSTEM VESSELS

3.0 MATERIALS SELECTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

3.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIAL BASED ON SERVICE CONDITION

Table 4: Bolting Materials

3.4 POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION (PMI)

3.4.1 PMI shall be in accordance with PTS 15.02.01.

3.5 APPROVAL OF MATERIALS SUPPLIERS

4.2 FORMED HEADS

ii. Design temperatures in a range of 50 °C to 345°C.

iii. Vessel internal diameters in a range of 480 mm to 2200 mm.

4.3 FLAT HEADS

4.4 NOZZLES, FLANGED CONNECTIONS AND OPENINGS

4.4.6 Flanges used for Vessel nozzles shall be as follows: