Petronas Technical Standards: Heat Exchangers - Shell and Tube Type

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Heat Exchangers - Shell And Tube Type
PTS 12.21.01
May 2017
© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner.PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
PTS 12.21.01
HEAT EXCHANGERS - SHELL AND TUBE TYPE May 2017
Page 2 of 40
FOREWORD
PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.
Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.
PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.
The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 3 of 40
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..................................................................................................... 4
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ................................................................................................ 5
2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................... 6
2.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................ 6
2.2 THERMAL DESIGN AND RATING ..................................................................................... 6
2.3 MATERIAL SELECTION ..................................................................................................... 6
2.4 TUBE SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 7
2.5 TUBE PITCH, TUBE LAYOUT AND TUBE LENGTH........................................................... 10
3.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 16812 ................................................................. 12
4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 32
APPENDIX A -1 : MATERIALS FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS ................................... 35
APPENDIX B : METHOD OF DETECTION OF HARMFUL OXIDE FILMS ON COPPER-NICKEL ALLOY
TUBES ...................................................................................................... 39
PTS 12.21.01
Page 4 of 40
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS provides technical requirements of Shell and Tube heat exchangers used for both
offshore and onshore applications. This PTS is in compliance with ISO 16812 with additional
technical requirements indicated in the form of amendments/supplements based on
PETRONAS lessons learnt and best practices.
1.1 SCOPE
1.1.1 This scope of this PTS is to design, construct and supply shell and tube heat exchangers having
a bare tube surface area of greater than 0.5 m2. The detail scope shall be mentioned in the
Engineering Data Requisition Sheet (EDRS), based on this PTS and relevant codes and
standards.
1.1.2 The scope of Contractor / Manufacturer includes thermal and mechanical design including
performance guarantee of the shell and tube heat exchanger considering the requirements of
Owner or Project Specification.
1.1.3 The statutory requirements and registration, if any, at the location of installation of the
exchanger shall be complied with by Contractor / Manufacturer.
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations
Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.
1.2.2 Specific Definitions
None.
1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations
No Abbreviation Description
1 CA Corrosion Allowance
2 CS Carbon Steel
3 GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
4 HAZ Heat Affected Zone
5 LAS Low Alloy Steel
6 PQR Procedure Qualification Record
7 PWHT Post weld heat treatment

PTS 12.21.01
Page 5 of 40
No Abbreviation Description
8 SCC Stress Corrosion Cracking
9 WPS Welding Procedure Specification
10 WQT Welder Qualification Test

Table 1.1: Specific Abbreviations
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This PTS 12.21.01 (May 2017) replaces PTS 12.21.01 (June 2014).
PTS 12.21.01
Page 6 of 40
2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
2.1.1 Shell and tube heat exchangers shall be considered as pressure vessels and shall be designed
as per ASME Section VIII and PTS 12.20.01. The requirement of ISO 16812 and TEMA shall also
be complied with.
2.1.2 TEMA class “R” shall be selected unless other wise specified in the data sheets.
2.1.3 Contractor / Manufacturer may propose alternate design with proven methods of enhanced
surface area/ heat transfer e.g. helical baffles/ rod-baffles/ or other types of baffles; low-
finned tubes/ twisted tubes, tube inserts etc., if economical and ease for inspection and
maintenace, for Owner’s review. The thermal design inputs and methods of calculation
including mechanical design for the alternate design shall be submitted for Owner’s review.
2.1.4 In case of proprietary design heat exchangers, the design calculation and method of
fabrication, inspection and maintenance shall be submitted for Owner’s review.
2.2 THERMAL DESIGN AND RATING
2.2.1 The thermal design and rating of shell and tube heat exchanger shall be carried out based on
the proven thermal design software as indicated in the EDRS. The Contractor shall submit the
input/output data of the thermal design including data sheet indicating shell and tube side
details e.g. TEMA type, shell/channel configuration, tube diameter/length/thickness, tube
counts, number of passes, tube pitch, baffle details, tube layout, nozzle sizes, and material of
construction etc. based on the desired operating parameters for Owner’s review.
2.2.2 The heat exchangers shall (PSR) be analysed for flow induced and acoustic vibrations.
Adequate measure shall be taken in the design of the bundle including shell entrance/exit,
baffle cuts to minimize the vibration. The design output showing the adequacy of the
exchanger shall be furnished for Owner’s review.
2.2.3 PTS 16.12.01 shall be referred to for the fouling factor for compliance. The thermal design
shall consider, the permissible pressure drops, velocity and any multiplication factor on
fouling resistance / margin in surface area etc as per EDRS.
2.3 MATERIAL SELECTION
2.3.1 Selection of materials shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII, ASME Section II and as
specified in the Project Specification. The material shall comply with the requirement of PTS
12.20.01 and PTS 15.10.01.
2.3.2 All materials for pressure and non-pressure components shall be specified by Contractor in
the data sheets and supply of materials shall be from reputable mills as specified in the ITB.
Any deviation shall be approved by the Owner.
2.3.3 The list of ASME materials for various material groups are indicated in Appendix A-1 of this
PTS for various components of exchanger. The adequacy of the recommended materials shall
be investigated by the Contractor based on design and operating conditions, fluid property
and potential degradation mechanisms.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 7 of 40
2.4 TUBE SELECTION
2.4.1 General
The heat exchngers tubes shall be seamless. Welded tubes may be used if specified in EDRS.
The minimum adopted tube thickness for the exchanger shall be adequate to sustain internal
and external design pressure and other loadings at the specified deisgn temperature, as per
design code. The actual thickness of tube shall consider thnning allowance for U bends as well
as corrosion and/ or erosion allowances for tubes as indicated in EDRS. The tube wall
thickness as minimum shall be selected as per Table 2.1 or thicker if required by design
calculation unless otherwise specified by Owner.
Nominal Tube gauge

Tube material tube outside diameter (BWG) Tube wall thickness
( Note 1)
mm mm
Copper and 15.88 16 1.65

copper alloys
19.05 16 1.65
25.40 14 2.11
31.75 14 2.11
38.10 14 2.11
50.80 12 2.77
Carbon steel, low alloy 15.88 14 2.11

steel and aluminium
alloys 19.05 14 2.11
25.40 14 2.11
31.75 12 2.77
38.10 12 2.77
50.80 12 2.77
High alloy steels (refer to 15.88 16 1.65

ISO 16812 for definition,
thickness shown for high 19.05 16 1.65
alloy steel may be
considered as avg. 25.40 14 1.65
thickness)
31.75 14 2.11
38.10 14 2.11
PTS 12.21.01
Page 8 of 40
Nominal Tube gauge

Tube material tube outside diameter (BWG) Tube wall thickness
( Note 1)
mm mm
50.80 14 2.11
Table 2.1: Minimum thickness of tubes
NOTE(S): i. Minimum outside diameter of tubes shall be 19.05 mm unless otherwise specified in EDRS.
ii. For special materials e.g. titanium tubes, the minimum wall thickness shall be 18 BWG (1.245 mm),
iii. The equivalent Standard Wire Gauge (SWG) in case of non-availability of BWG may be used if the
minimum thickness requirement as per design calculation and thermal design are met with. The Standard
used shall be specified on the EDRS.
2.4.2 Circumferentially-finned tubes
i. The circumferentially - finned tube shall be low fin tube, High-finned tubing
construction shall not be used. The use of finned tube is only in clean shell-side
service (fouling resistance less than or equal to 0.00018 m2.K/W) and non-
abrasive services. Tubes shall have no more than 1181 fins per metre.
Circumferentially finned tubes shall not be finned at the U-bends.
ii. To avoid fretting of the finned tubes without lands (unfinned portion) in
baffle/support plates, the baffle/support plates shall have a thickness in
accordance with TEMA Table R-4.41 and Table CB-4.41; however, the minimum
thickness shall not be less than 12 mm.
iii. Fin height and wall thickness under the fins determine the inside diameter. Wall
thickness under the fin and diameter greatly affect the cost of finned tubes. Their
minimum values are determined by the cleaning requirements of the tube-side
fluid, as well as by the tube material selected.
Mechanical cleaning required Yes No
Minimum inside tube diameter 15.0 mm 13.0 mm
Minimum wall thickness carbon steel under the fins 2.0 mm 1.6 mm
Minimum wall thickness non-ferrous and stainless steel 1.6 mm 1.2 mm

under the fins (NOTE(S))
NOTE(S): Titanium low-finned tubes shall have a minimum bare end wall thickness 16 BWG/SWG so that the
minimum thickness under the fins is not less than 1.0 mm – irrespective of tube-side mechanical cleaning
requirements.
iv. Surface cracking at the fin or wall shall not be accepted, Low finned tubes shall be
eddy-current tested at the mill.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 9 of 40
2.4.3 Longitudinally-finned tubes
Longitudinally high finned tubes may be used only for double-pipe and multi-tube heat
exchangers.
2.4.4 U-tubes
Seamless tubes shall be used for U-tube bundles. U-tubes shall not be constructed by welding
U-bends to straight tubes.
U-Bends with radius R < 1.5 times nominal tube OD shall not be used
The tolerance of the centre-to-centre distance between the parallel legs of the U-tubes shall
be as follows:
Centre-To-Centre Distance Tolerance

≤ five times the nominal tube OD ± 1.0 mm
> five times the nominal tube OD ± 1.5 mm
Table 2.2: Tolerance of the centre-to-centre distance between the parallel legs of the U-tubes
For U-tubes the following heat treatment shall be applied:
i. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of the bend area for carbon steel (CS) and low
alloy steel (LAS) U-tube bends if it is for Wet H2S, caustic, amine,
carbonate/bicarbonate services.
ii. Solution annealing heat treatment for bend area for material 304 and 316 grade
stainless steel U-bends having a mean radius smaller than 5 times the nominal
tube OD; for material 321 grade stabilizing annealing for U-bends required
irrespective of bend radius.
iii. Heat treatment for U-bends in duplex alloys S31803 and S32205 for tubes with a
bend radius less than 3.3 times the nominal tube outside diameter;
iv. Bends in aluminium and copper alloys regardless of bend radii.
v. Heat treatment is not required for U-bends in duplex alloys S31803 and S32205
with bend radii greater than or equal to 3.3 times the nominal tube outside
diameter, or for U-bends in duplex alloy S32750 regardless of bend radii, unless
otherwise specified.
vi. For 12 Cr and 17 Cr materials and nickel alloys, heat treatment of U-tubes shall
only be applied when approved by Owner.
vii. If heat treatment is specified in the datasheet for material having cold working
induces susceptibility to stress corrosion or environments, it shall be complied
with.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 10 of 40
viii. Unless otherwise agreed with the Owner, heat treatment shall be applied to
bonnets and floating head cover if there are 4 or more tube side passes and the
partition plates are in two different planes.
2.5 TUBE PITCH, TUBE LAYOUT AND TUBE LENGTH
2.5.1 Tube pitch
The minimum tube pitch for 19.05 mm OD expanded tube-to-tubesheet joint for 30 or 60
degrees layout may be 23.8 mm and for 45° and 90° layout, it shall be 25.4 mm. Tubes shall
be spaced with a minimum ligament of 6.35 mm for tube OD of 19.05 mm for all types of tube
layout if it is a strength-welded joint. For tube OD ≥ 25.4 mm a minimum centre-to-centre
distance of 1.25 times the tube outside diameter shall be provided.
Triangular or rotated triangular pattern should not be used for retractable tube bundles and
if external surface of tubes is to be cleaned mechanically.
Note: if smaller tube OD of 15.88 mm is used, the pitch shall be 20.60 mm for expanded type joints, and 22.20 mm for welded
type joints.
2.5.2 Tube pitch over pass partition lane
The minimum tube pitch over the pass partition lane is determined as follows:
For straight tubes with a tube pattern of 30 or 60 degrees, the centre-to-centre distance is
determined by the nominal tube OD and the width of the pass partition plate gasket groove,
see TEMA clause RCB-6.4.
The following requirements shall apply:
i. The difference between the thickness of the partition plate (at the tapered end)
and the width of the gasket groove shall result in a clearance of 3.2 mm with a
tolerance of ± 0.5 mm, and
ii. The minimum distance between the edge of the gasket groove and the tube hole
shall be 1.5 mm for expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints, and 3.2 mm for strength-
welded tube-to-tubesheet joints.
2.5.3 Tube lay-out
The tube lay-out shall ensure that the allowable stresses in the tubes due to temperature
differences between tubes in adjacent passes are not exceeded.
For shell side heat transfer and the mechanical construction of the pass partition plates, there
shall be at least two tube rows per pass.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 11 of 40
2.5.4 Tube length
The tube length and bundle diameter shall be decided based on available space and bundle
removable requirements, if any. The ratio of tube length to tube bundle outer diameter for
removable bundles should not exceed 12: 1.
During the design stage the ease of handling of the tube bundle and exchanger shall be
ensured. Tube lengths exceeding 7315 mm shall be subject to the approval of the Owner.
The tube length for vertical thermosyphon reboilers shall not exceed 6100 mm.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 12 of 40
3.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 16812
In this section, the reference clauses of ISO 16812 are amended or supplemented, existing
clause is deleted or new sections are added as mentioned. Clauses of ISO 16812 that are not
mentioned in this PTS shall apply and remain valid.
3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Add new definitions:
3.14 Hydrogen service
Service in which the fluid contains hydrogen at a partial pressure of at least 690 kPa
(abs) at any temperature.
3.15 Very toxic service
See definition in PTS 16.50.01.
4. GENERAL
4.1 PRESSURE DESIGN CODE
Replace this clause by:
Shell and tube heat exchangers shall be considered as pressure vessels. It shall be
designed as per ASME Section VIII as well as requirements of ISO 16812 and PTS
12.20.01 shall be complied with.
4.2 Replace this clause by:
Heat exchanger construction shall conform to TEMA, Class R unless otherwise

specified.
4.6 DATASHEETS
Datasheet shall be in accordance with the EDRS and Requisition Sheet R 12.90.100
5. PROPOSALS
5.1 Add to this clause:
The proposals shall include the requirement of requisition sheet R 12.90.100.
Data/requisition sheet R 12.90.016, sheet 4 shall include the tubesheet layout

drawing, on which at least the following shall be indicated:
- Tube pattern
- Number of tubes per pass

PTS 12.21.01
Page 13 of 40
- The provision of impingement protection
- The provision of sliding strips
- The provision of sealing devices
- Baffle cut and orientation
- Support plates
- Tie rods
- Drain notch
- Nozzles, and
- The main dimensions in millimetres (including actual outer tube limit).
The drawings shall be supplied for approval in accordance with the requirements of R
12.90.100 and applicable standard forms as per PTS 00.11.02.
Expansion joints, distributors, nozzle with stuffing box for floating head and other
special details (if any) shall be furnished for Owner’s review.
The use of distributor belt requires Owner’s approval.
6. DRAWINGS AND OTHER REQUIRED DATA
6.1.1 Replace this clause by:
j) Specified corrosion allowance for shell side and tube side of the heat exchanger.
Also corrosion allowance (CA) for special items e.g. expansion joints, tubes,
internals etc. shall be indicated separately in the datasheets and drawings.
The Contractor shall submit the flow-induced vibration analysis result for the
proposed design to Owner for review.
All welding procedure specification (WPS), procedure qualification records (PQR), and
welder qualification test records (WQT) as required by the design code shall be
submitted for Owner’s review. The laboratory test results e.g. tensile test, impact test,
hardness test, corrosion test or other test as required shall be furnished prior to
fabrication for Owner’s approval.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 14 of 40
6.2.4 a) Add this clause by:
i. Design calculations of pressure parts shall include the static head that is
completely filled process fluid or water whichever have higher density.
Calculation showing adequacy of thickness for non-pressure parts shall
also be furnished e.g. pass partition plate, longitudinal baffle, lifting lugs,
support etc.
ii. Expansion joint calculations;
iii. Actual and allowable tube-to-tubesheet loadings for fixed tubesheet

exchangers;
6.2.4 c) Add this clause by:
PTS 12.00.06 for Bolted Flanged joint Assembly shall be complied with and the torque
calculation and its value shall be furnished for Owner’s review.
Approval drawings shall be supplied in accordance with the requirements of R

12.90.100 and applicable standard forms as per PTS 00.11.02.
7. DESIGN
7.1 DESIGN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
7.1.1 DESIGN TEMPERATURE
The design temperature for the shell side and the tube side shall be specified by the
Owner in the EDRS.
The supplier shall apply the highest design temperature with condition that reduction
of allowable stress is not allowed and flange rating is not the limiting element.
7.1.4 DESIGN PRESSURE (New clause)
Design pressures for the shell side and tube side shall be specified separately by the
Owner in the EDRS.
The design pressure considering the most extreme condition shall be used for
calculations for the components e.g. tubes, tubesheets, floating heads, bellows etc.
For the determination of the design pressure on the low pressure side, the initial
design pressure on the low pressure side or 10/13 of the design pressure on the high
pressure side, whichever is greater, shall be taken (refer to PTS 16.50.01 for
limitations). However, if it is economic to maintain the initial design pressure on the
low-pressure side by installing a relief device, this may be considered and proposal
shall be submitted for Ownner’s review. The justification shall consider the size of the
PTS 12.21.01
Page 15 of 40
relief device based on a full tube rupture and the size of the leak shall be taken as
twice the internal cross-sectional area of one tube. To determine the influence of
piping on the low-pressure side of the heat exchanger, either in eliminating the need
for a relief device or in reducing relief quantities, reference is made to API RP 521.
All parts of a heat exchanger that are subjected to a differential pressure only, i.e. if
the circuit between shell and tube side is open, may be designed based on the
maximum differential design pressure between shell and tube side. A WARNING sign,
stating the maximum differential design pressure and the maximum differential test
pressure, shall be located next to the nameplate of the exchanger.
The possibility of exposure to system pressure waves, e.g. water hammer, shall be
taken into account.
7.2 CLADDING FOR CORROSION ALLOWANCE
Where corrosion-resistant lining or cladding is specified, the lining shall be applied to

all exposed (wetted) surfaces including the surface of pass partition plates and the
side and bottom of gasket grooves. The full thickness of the cladding/corrosion
resistant lining shall be used as CA, unless specified otherwise by the Owner.
Only integral bonded lining shall be used unless approved by the Owner.
Pass partition plate shall be of the same material as the cladding at the welded
locations. The thickness of the cladding plate at the location where pass partition
plates are welded shall be minimum of 5mm when the base material requires PWHT.
The minimum cladding or weld overlay thickness for the shell side face of tubesheet
shall be 10 mm. The minimum cladding or weld overlay thickness for the tube side
face of tubesheet shall be 6 mm for strength welding of tubes to tubesheet cladding.
If tubes are expanded in two grooves at least one groove shall be in the cladded
portion and in that case the cladding thickness shall be 10 mm for tube sheet face
except gasket seating surface.
Weld overlays for corrosion protection shall have minimum thickness of 2.5mm depth
of the specified chemical composition, unless otherwise specified in the EDRS.
For good sealing, rolling of plate shall extend to within 3mm of the shell side cladding
or weld overlay surface.
The cladding shall be integrally and continuously bonded to the base material. Brazing
shall not be used to bond the cladding to the tubesheet.
Integrally clad tubesheets and tubesheets with cladding applied by overlay welding
shall be inspected with ultrasonice (UT) to check the integrity of the bonding in
accordance with ASTM A578, with an acceptance level of C.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 16 of 40
7.3 SHELL SUPPORTS
7.3.1 Add this clause by:
The fixed support and anchor bolts for the lower exchanger of stacked exchangers
shall be able to withstand the longitudinal force applied at the centreline of the upper
exchanger tube bundle.
7.3.2 Add this clause by:
iv. Support saddles shall be in accordance with Standard Drawings D

12.92.054 and D 12.92.055, as applicable. Support brackets for vertical
exchangers shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing D 12.92.044.
The sliding plate underneath the sliding support saddle shall be in
accordance with Standard Drawing D 12.92.056.
v. In order to protect the flange facings during transport, storage and

maintenance, saddles shall protrude beyond the bottom nozzles,
including the drain nozzle with blind flange, by at least 50 mm during
transport, storage and maintenance.
vi. Support design shall comply with UG23, UG 54 and Appendix G of ASME
Code. Intermittent welding of support is not permitted, the support shall
be continuously welded. The horizontal exchanger support shall be
designed / adequacy shall be verified based on revised L.P. Zick Analysis
method.
7.3.3 Add to this clause:
The saddle support for the lower shell shall be of full enclosure type if the exchanger
diameter ≥1000mm to prevent bending. If more than two (2) exchangers are stacked,
Contractor shall propose justifications for Owner’s approval.
7.3.5 Replace last sentence of this clause with :
The length of the slot shall be equal to the anchor bolt diameter plus twice of the
thermal expansion of the shell calculated based on the shell side design temperature
plus 8mm whichever is higher.
7.3.6 Add new Clause:
Exchanger supports shall be designed based on the most severe stresses including
nozzle external loads, and difference in thermal growth of stacked exchangers, etc.
Boltings of Flanged nozzle connection between stacked exchanger shall be removable

from one side without removal of upper shell.
7.4 STATIONARY HEAD

PTS 12.21.01
Page 17 of 40
The full pressure drop across the pass partition plate with the margin of two times
shall be taken as the pressure drop across each pass partition plate for design of pass
partition plate thickness.
The pass partition plate thickness shall be designed in accordance with TEMA RCB-
9.132 considering two times maximum calculated pressure drop across each pass
partition plate.
The mechanical calculation for maximum allowable differential pressure across the
pass partition plate shall be submitted for Owner’s review.
7.4.3 Add new Clause
Cladded or weld overlaid channel head shall also have the same clad or weld overlay
material applied on the channel cover.
7.5 FLOATING HEAD
Add to the Clause
7.5.5 Floating head flanges shall have additional 3 mm for the gasket contact surface for
extra allowance should flange face machining is required in future. This additional
thickness shall have no credit for calculation of maximum allowable working pressure.
This is not applicable for cladded or weld overlaid components.
7.6 Add new Clause:
Divided floating heads shall not be used.
Applications of bolts threaded into tapped holes are not permitted for floating
tubesheets.
For single tube pass heat exchangers, the floating head shall be connected to the shell
cover by means of an expansion joint of approved type, similar to the construction
shown in Standard Drawings D 12.92.050, D 12.92.051, D 12.92.052 and D 12.92.053.
For single tube pass heat exchangers, the expansion joint shall be located at the
smallest nozzle and/or cold end of the heat exchanger.
The nominal wall thickness of floating head covers shall be at least equal to the
minimum wall thickness of the appropriate nominal shell diameter given in TEMA
Table R-3.13 or Table CB-3.13. The backing ring or split ring floating head shall be in
accordance with TEMA Figure RCB 5.141, style A.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 18 of 40
7.6 TUBE BUNDLE
7.6.1 TUBES
Refer to para 2.4 of this PTS
7.6.2 TUBESHEETS
7.6.2.1 Add to this clause:
The stamped marking of the collar bolts shall also be made on each end of studs, one
end of collar bolts shall be machined with standard size for hex head.
7.6.2.4 Replace second sentence with this clause by:
Suitable collar type studs shall be supplied for 25 % of the bolt holes in the
stationary tubesheet to maintain the gasket in its position during the removal of the
channel/bonnet. The extended portion of the tubesheet shall be designed for
hydrotesting of the shell side or tubeside independently, with the respective bonnet
or shell removed. Removable bundle units with ‘A’ type heads need not have full
diameter tubesheets.
7.6.2.5 Add new clause:
If the tubesheet forms a flange or is directly welded to the shell it shall be a forging
and not a plate material.
If the selected pressure design code includes design rules for calculating the required
effective tubesheet thickness, then the pressure design code shall overrule the
calculation method of the TEMA standards, and in that case paragraphs A.13 and
A.131 are not applicable.
Tubesheets with non-ferrous or alloy cladding for corrosion protection shall meet the
following requirements:
i. The cladding shall be integrally and continuously bonded to the base

material.
ii. All surfaces exposed to the corrosive medium, excluding gasket seating
surfaces, shall have at least a 10 mm thickness of cladding if tubes are
expanded only (to allow a groove within the cladding thickness) and at
least a 5 mm thickness for a strength-welded connection.
iii. Brazing shall not be used to bond the cladding to the tubesheet.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 19 of 40
iv. Integrally clad tubesheets and tubesheets with cladding applied by

overlay welding shall be ultrasonically tested to check the integrity of the
bonding in accordance with ASTM A 578, with an acceptance level of C.
7.6.3 BAFFLES AND SUPPORT PLATES
For single-phase fluid flow, horizontally cut baffles should be used. For two-phase
fluid flow, or shells with a longitudinal baffle, transverse baffles with a vertical cut
should be used.
Other baffle types, such as disk and doughnut, rod baffle and spiral (helix), require the
approval of the Owner.
The end support plate shall have rectangular or square windows located so that the
unsupported span length of the tubes is not increased.
The clearances given in TEMA Table RCB-4.3 shall only be exceeded if specified on the
data/requisition sheets.
The thickness of the baffle or support plates shall be according to TEMA tables R-4.41
and CB-4.41 and shall be based on maximum unsupported tube length in the straight
section of the tube bundle.
For titanium tubes (unfinned) the baffle/support plates shall have a thickness in
accordance with TEMA Table R-4.41 and Table CB-4.41; however, the minimum
thickness shall not be less than 5 mm.
7.6.3.2 Replace this clause by:
To facilitate draining of heat exchanger shells, all baffles and support plates extending
to the bottom of the shell shall have a V-notch - 20 mm wide X 10 mm high at the
lowest point for a shell ≤ 1200 mm diameter and for > 1200 diameter it shall be 25
mm X 20 mm high.
Tube support plates shall be spaced so that the unsupported tube span does not
exceed 0.8 times the value indicated in TEMA Table RCB-4.52 for the tube material
used.
7.6.4. IMPINGEMENT PROTECTION
Impingement plate shall be as per TEMA para RCB-4.6 or as per EDRS. Heat exchangers
with vapour or steam (superheated, saturated or wet) as heating medium on the shell
side shall always have impingement protection. The impingement plate size shall be
not less than greater of, 1.2 X inner diameter of nozzle or 50 mm higher than inner
diameter of nozzle.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 20 of 40
For non-corrosive, non-abrasive, single-phase fluids, instead of using impingement

protection the nozzle diameter should be increased to reduce the fluid velocities at
the shell entrance.
If the diameter of impingement plate exceeds 50% of baffle spacing or for no tubes in
window (NTIW) baffle design or vibration at bundle entrance is an issue the
impingement rods shall be used instead of impingement plate, the following shall
apply:
At least two rows of impingement rods shall be used and laid on a lay-out angle of 30
or 45 degrees conforming to the following table:
TUBE LAYOUT VERSUS ROD CONFIGURATION

Tube lay-out angle Rod lay-out angle Rod pitch (mm)
(degrees) (degrees) 25.4 31.75
Rod diameter (mm)
30, 60, 90 30 16 20
45 45 20 25
7.6.5 BYPASS SEALING DEVICES
Sealing strips shall be provided for all shell and tube exchangers, except in the case of
fixed tubesheet and U-tube bundles with a diametric bundle-to-shell clearance of less
than 19 mm (3/4 inch).
Sealing strips may be counted as tie rods if properly seated in the baffles, secured with
a complete fillet weld and attached to the stationary tubesheet with a full penetration
weld.
One pair of sealing devices shall be provided for every 5 to 6 rows of tubes in the cross
flow area.
Sealing strips shall be fixed as close to the baffle-cut line as possible but in no case
shall they be placed more than 32 mm or one tube pitch (whichever is smaller) from
the baffle cut line.
Sealing strips and sliding strips shall not block the entrance or exit areas under the
nozzle.
7.6.6 BUNDLE SKID BARS
Skid bars also called Sliding strips shall be provided to facilitate pulling the tube
bundle. Sliding strips may be counted as tie rods if properly seated in the baffles,
secured with a complete fillet weld and attached to the stationary tubesheet with a
full penetration weld. To avoid damage to the baffles during bundle pulling and
PTS 12.21.01
Page 21 of 40
replacement, the sliding strips shall protrude 1 to 2 mm beyond the periphery of the
baffles.
For vertical exchangers, four sliding strips shall be provided, evenly divided around
the circumference of the bundle.
The sealing and sliding strips shall not obstruct the tube lanes or pass partition lanes
for tube patterns of 45 and 90 degrees (or hinder the liquid inflow to the centre tube
rows in a kettle-type reboiler).
Table 3 shows the minimum required size of the sliding strips.

Sliding strip dimensions (minimum)
Height Thickness
mm mm mm
132- 393 30 6
394- 698 40 10
699- 850 50 12
851-1231 60 12
1232-1537 75 15
1538-2540 75 20
TABLE 3: MINIMUM SLIDING STRIP SIZE
Sealing and sliding devices should be located in such a way as to minimize the force
exerted by the hoisting band on the outer tubes of the bundle.
Sealing strips and sliding strips shall not block the entrance or exit areas under the
nozzles.
Longitudinal slots shall be cut in sliding strips when they are running under the inlet
or outlet nozzles to prevent blocking entry/or exit of process streams with respect to
the tube bundle.
7.6.7 TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT
As default, the tube-to-tubesheet joint shall be only expanded. If specified by the

Owner, tubes shall be strength welded and expanded. Seal-welded joints shall not be
used irrespective of the material. Where appropriate, and if approved by the Owner,
explosive bonding and/or explosive expanding may also be used.
7.6.8 TIE RODS AND SPACERS (New clause)
Tie rods and spacers, or other equivalent means of tying the baffle system together,
shall be provided to retain all transverse baffles and support plates securely in
position.
Tie rods and spacers shall be evenly distributed around the circumference of the
baffles.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 22 of 40
Additional tie rods may be required near the centre of the bundle.
Spacers shall not be used if there is a hazardous (H2, H2S, HCN etc.) service on the shell
side.
Table 4 shows the minimum number of tie rods, the minimum diameter of the solid
rod and the spacer pipe OD for various sizes of heat exchanger and tube ODs.
Tube OD of 19.05 Tube OD of 25.4 mm
Nominal shell diameter
mm and less and larger Minimum
Solid Rod Spacer Pipe Solid Rod Spacer Pipe number of
minimum OD minimum OD tie rods
diameter (sched 80) diameter (sched 80)

Mm (inch) mm Mm mm mm
132- 393 (6-15) 12 DN 10 12 DN 10 4
394- 698 (16-27) 15 DN 10 15 DN 10 6
699- 850 (28-33) 15 DN 10 19 DN 15 6
851-1231 (34-48) 15 DN 10 19 DN 15 8
1232-1537 (49-60) 19 DN 15 22 DN 20 10
1538-2540 (61-100) 19 DN 15 22 DN 20 12
TABLE 4 : TIE ROD STANDARDS
NOTE(S): 1. The baffles shall be supported by solid rods welded to the baffles or by spacer pipes, keeping the baffles at
distance, with supporting rods inside.
2. The screw thread connection of the tie rod in the tubesheet shall have a diameter that is equal to, or slightly
smaller than, the diameter of the tie rod.
3. When solid rods are used without spacer pipes, the rod diameter shall be as indicated in the table above.
When spacer pipes are used, the solid rod diameter shall be in accordance with TEMA Table R-4.71.
7.7 NOZZLES AND OTHER CONNECTIONS

Shell or channel nozzles shall not protrude beyond the inside contour of the shell or
channel. Nozzle Flange dimensions and facings shall comply with ASME B16.5.
Nozzle gaskets shall be in accordance with the piping class of the connecting lines
(PTS 12.31.01 or PTS 12.31.02, as applicable).
Packed floating head nozzles and packing boxes shall not be used.
All Vents and Drain connections shall be flanged and provided with a blind flange
unless otherwise noted in the data/requisition sheets.
Table 5 shows the minimum size for vent and drain connections on heat exchangers.
Nominal Shell Diameter Minimum vent and drain sizes, DN
mm mm
150-300 40 x 25 (reducer)
350-500 40
Above 500 50
TABLE 5 : MINIMUM VENT AND DRAIN CONNECTION SIZES
NOTE(S): If a vent or drain connection will be used as cleaning connection the minimum connection size shall be DN 50.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 23 of 40
If required, temperature instrument connections and pressure gauge connections

shall be specified on the data/requisition sheets (R 12.90.025).
There shall be no temperature instrument or pressure gauge connections in heat

exchanger nozzles, except for direct interconnection nozzles of stacked exchangers.
Flanges for safety/relief valve nozzles shall have a minimum rating of ASME Class 300.
Only forged long weld neck flanges shall be used for DN 40 and below.
7.7.5 This clause is not applicable to this PTS:
If exchangers will require in-service cleaning with hot water, steam, solvents or other
chemical methods, suitable flanged nozzle connections of DN 50 minimum size shall
be provided on the shell. There shall be no cleaning connections on exchanger nozzles,
but they may be located on the connecting piping.
The design of Nozzle connections shall be suitable to withstand the forces and
moments as indicaed in PTS 12.20.01.
The alternate tongue and groove joint arrangement shown in TEMA Figure F-3 shall
not be used.
Replace the last sentence of note 1 of Figure F-3 by -“The plus tolerance on dimension
R4 shall be 5 mm “.
The outside diameter of the stationary tubesheet should be equal to the outside
diameter of the shell flange.
It is important that all bolt joints be tightened uniformly and in a diametrically

staggered pattern as illustrated in Figure E-3.25 of TEMA standards.
Hydraulic bolt tensioning shall be in accordance with PTS 12.00.03
If the application of bolt tensioning equipment is anticipated in the design stage, due
attention shall be given to the clearance required to accommodate the tensioning
tools.
7.9 EXPANSION JOINTS
Add before 7.9.1:

PTS 12.21.01
Page 24 of 40
The use of flexible shell-side elements is subject to the approval of the Owner.
7.9.2 c) Replace this clause by:
If specified, the light gauge bellow type expansion joint shall be designed in
accordance with the EJMA Standards on the basis of a minimum of 10000 cycles
before rupture.
Light gauge bellow type joints shall be properly protected against damage during
installation and transportation.
Data/requisition sheet R 12.90.042 shall be used to specify the joint.
7.10 GASKETS

Gaskets in hydrocarbon services shall be selected from Table 6 of this PTS.
Double-jacketed fibre-filled metal gaskets shall not be used.

To avoid overstressing, spiral-wound gaskets shall have an inner ring and/or centring
ring.
7.10.10 Add new clause:
If a heat exchanger is dismantled for any reason, it shall be reassembled with new
gaskets.
7.10.11 Add new clause:
Flanges with a nubbin shall not be used.
7.11 HANDLING DEVICES
The lifting devices shall be located above the centre of gravity of the parts to which
they are welded or cast.
Where welded plate type lugs are used, these shall be welded on with full
penetration welds and shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing D 12.92.003.
For cast components the lugs shall be integrally cast with the casing.
The hole shall be 28 mm diameter minimum.
The load bearing capacity of the lugs in supporting the required load shall be
demonstrated by calculation. In any case the lugs shall be designed for a static force
of at least twice the mass of the heat exchanger part(s).
PTS 12.21.01
Page 25 of 40
Eyebolts shall be of ASTM A307 grade B material. Unless special dimensions are used,
eyebolts should not be in the scope of supply of the Manufacturer.
Stationary tubesheets shall have two or more holes UNC threaded to take eyebolts
for removing the tube bundles from the shells. Floating head covers shall have one
hole UNC threaded to take an eyebolt.
NOTE(S): 1) The required size and length of thread for the eyebolt shall be calculated to resist the force of tube bundle
removal. The threads shall be well formed and be a tight fit for maximum grip.
Removable threaded plugs shall be provided to protect the eyebolt holes during
operation. Materials for the threaded plugs shall be similar to the base metal.
Jack bolts (minimum three, equal spaced) and dowels (minimum two, 180 degree
apart) shall be provided in heat exchanger tubesheets and girth flanges.
7.11.5 TUBE BUNDLE REMOVAL (New clause)
During removal of a tube bundle from a shell, a pulling cable shall be attached to the
eyebolts screwed into the tubesheet. The bundle shall be supported on the tube
baffles, supports or tubesheets to prevent damage to the tubes. Contact surfaces shall
be protected, see 7.11.1 of this PTS. If tube bundle pulling equipment that requires
special provisions is to be used this shall be stated in the Project Specification and on
the data/ requisition sheets.
8. MATERIALS
8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1 Replace this clause with:
The Requirement of ISO 15156 for Hydrogen sulphide servcies shall be complied with.
Owner shall indicate its requirement in the EDRS.
The most commonly used materials for shell and tube heat exchangers as described
in this section shall be used.
8.2 GASKETS
Add new clause:
8.2.6 Type of gaskets
The following shall apply to gaskets for end flanges (girth flanges) only.
Gaskets for nozzles shall comply with the requirements of EDRS and PTS 12.30.01 and
12.30.02.
Double-jacketed gaskets shall not be used.

PTS 12.21.01
Page 26 of 40
The type of gasket and the minimum width of peripheral ring gaskets shall be in
accordance with Table 6.
Minimum Minimum
Type Description width thickness
mm mm
1 Solid flat metal, 5 Cr-0.5 Mo, maximum 6.35 2.4
hardness 160 HBW
(NOTE 4)
2 Solid flat metal, soft iron, maximum 6.35 2.4
hardness 90 HBW
(NOTE 4)
3 Solid flat metal AISI 316, maximum hardness 6.35 2.4
160 HBW
(NOTE 4)
4 Spiral-wound AISI 316 with graphite filler 10.0 4.5
(NOTES 1 and 5)
5 Metal-grooved gasket, AISI 316L or 12.7 3.0
AISI 316Ti, with a lateral profile and an (NOTE 2)
exfoliated expanded graphite facing layer on
both sides, minimum 0.5 mm thick.
(NOTE 5)
6 Metal grooved gasket, AISI 321H or 12.7 3.0
AISI 347H, with a lateral profile and an
exfoliated expanded graphite facing layer on
both sides, minimum 0.5 mm thick.
(NOTES 2 and 5)
7 Exfoliated graphite sheet gasket with one 9.53 1.5
stainless steel reinforcement insert,
expanded or tanged.
(NOTES 3 and 5)
TABLE 6 : TYPE OF GASKETS
NOTE(S): 1. To avoid overstressing, spiral-wound gaskets shall have an inner ring and/or centring ring. Spiral
wound gaskets shall comply with PMRC MAR. Spiral wound gaskets shall not be used in sizes DN 1000
and larger.
2. For shell diameters above 1000 mm the minimum thickness shall be 4 mm. Metal-grooved gaskets
shall comply with PMRC MAR.
3. Exfoliated graphite sheet gaskets shall comply with PMRC MAR.
4. The hardness of the metal gasket shall be at least 20 HBW less than the hardness of the mating
flanges.
5. For seawater applications, gaskets containing graphite (with or without reinforcing metal) are
susceptible to galvanic corrosion and shall not be used. Suitable alternatives are bi-axially expanded
PTFE and non-asbestos gaskets made from compressed fibers with rubber binders.
Add new clause:

8.2.7 Gasket selection
The service conditions to which exchangers are generally exposed are described in
Table 7.
Service Description
Condition
PTS 12.21.01
Page 27 of 40
I Non-corrosive and mildly corrosive

II Hydrocarbon streams containing sulphur compounds and naphthenic
acids with an acid value exceeding 0.3 mg KOH/g, and maximum
operating temperatures above 230 °C
III Hydrocarbon streams containing sulphur compounds and naphthenic
acids with an acid value not exceeding 0.3 mg KOH/g, and maximum
operating temperatures above 330 °C
IV Hydrocarbon streams containing hydrogen
V Non-corrosive cooling water below 50 °C (NOTE 1)
VI Mildly corrosive cooling water below 50 °C (NOTE 1)
VII Corrosive cooling water below 50 °C (NOTE 1)
VIII Any other corrosive environment
IX Frequent changes in temperature and pressure, (e.g. hot washing,
dewaxing, chilling) and frequent cleaning (i.e. more than twice a year
under all conditions I to VIII).
TABLE 7 : SERVICE CONDITIONS
NOTE(S): 1. Definitions of non-corrosive, mildly corrosive and corrosive cooling water are as follows:
 Non-corrosive cooling water in a closed or open recirculating system that is fully chemically
treated and controlled.
 Mildly corrosive cooling water may be called as sweet untreated aerated water from lake.
 Corrosive cooling water is sea water/ brackish water when the average chloride mass fraction
exceeds 0. 2%
The selection of gaskets depends on the design temperature and pressure, and the
corrosivity of the service to which the flange and gasket are exposed.
Gaskets shall be selected in accordance with Table 8 of this PTS.
For design temperatures and pressures, and service conditions other than those given
in the tables, gasket selection shall be as agreed between the Owner and the
Manufacturer.
If two gasketed joints are compressed by the same bolting, the gasket and the area of
gasket facing shall be selected so as to ensure effective sealing of both joints of the
gasket being crushed under the required bolt load. This shall be demonstrated with
calculations, for approval by the Owner.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 28 of 40
Service Design Design pressure Preferred Alternative

Condition temperature type type
°C bar (ga) (NOTE 2)
I -200 to 450  50 7 5, 4
 550  105 5 1, 2, 3, 4
II 230 to 450  20.5 7 5, 4
230 to 550  105 5 1, 2, 3, 4
230 to 815  105 6
III 330 to 550  105 5 2
330 to 815  105 6
IV  550  105 5 2
 550 106 to 350 5
551 to 815  350 6
V 0 to 50  80 5 7
VI
VII
VIII NOTE 1
IX 0 to 550  350 5
551 to 815  350 6
TABLE 8 : SELECTION OF TYPE OF GASKET
NOTES: i. To be agreed between the Owner and the Manufacturer.
ii. For the gasket descriptions, see Table 6 of this PTS.
9. FABRICATION
9.2 PASS-PARTITION PLATES
Add new clauses 9.2.1 and 9.2.2:
9.2.1 Drain holes shall be provided in pass partition plates only in very toxic or
environmentally harmful services. Holes shall have a maximum diameter of 6 mm.
9.2.2 To allow full tightening of the flange bolting, the free edge of pass partition plates
shall be recessed with 0.2 mm measured from the joint face of the head flange.
The strength welded tube to tube sheet joints, if specified in the EDRS, shall be full
strength-welded in accordance with ASME Section VIII and its qualification as per QW-
193 of ASME Sec IX.
A minimum of two (2) weld passes shall be applied using the Gas Tungsten Arc
Welding (GTAW) technique. If required by Owner, a minimum of three (3) tensile pull-
test tests shall be performed on the qualification test coupon.
A micro-hardness survey on the weld metal, heat affected zones (HAZ), and base
metals shall also be provided on the qualification test coupon for the following cases:
PTS 12.21.01
Page 29 of 40
 Carbon and low alloy steels in wet hydrogen sulphide or sour service=-
Micro-hardness values shall be limited to 248 HV10.
 Materials subject to hardening during welding and cooling such as
ferritic/martensitic stainless steels, and duplex stainless steels.
Micro-hardness values for these materials shall be provided by
contractor, for Owner’s review.
Refer to clause 2.4.4 of this PTS for heat treatment after bending the U-tubes.
9.8.1 Replace this clause, and Table 2, by:
The arithmetic average roughness, Ra, of the flange face surface finish shall be in
accordance with Table 9.
Ra value
Gasket type
m
4, 5, 6, 7 3.2 to 6.3
1, 2, 3 0.8 to 1.6
TABLE 9: SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF FLANGE FACE REQUIREMENT
Refer to Table 6 of this PTS for a description of the gasket type.
9.9 TUBE- HOLE GROOVES
Add new clause 9.9.3
9.9.3 The distance from the centre line of the first groove to the face side of the tubesheet
should be 9.5 mm. The distance between groove centre lines should be 9.0 mm.
For tubesheets constructed of integrally clad plate or with applied corrosion-resistant

facings, one groove shall be in the centre of the cladding/facing material layer.
10. INSPECTION AND TESTING
10.1.3 PLUGGING TUBES IN TUBE BUNDLES
Use RGP-RCB-2 of TEMA with the following additional text:
If U-tubes have to be plugged, defective tubes shall be cut and the method agreed
with the Owner.
Faulty U-tubes in hydrogen and/or very toxic service shall not be plugged. Each U-tube
shall be removed and be replaced by two solid rods. The rods shall be welded to the
tubesheet and shall fill the holes in the baffle plates.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 30 of 40
10.3 PRESSURE TESTING

10.3.12 The Manufacturer shall perform the following tests:
- Tests specified in the pressure design code, national and/or local

regulations, the TEMA standards and the requisition;
- Routine tests specified by the Manufacturer to verify the proven design.

NOTE(S): Unless otherwise agreed by the Owner:
1) The Manufacturer's routine tests shall not be used for the purposes of design
development. They shall be used only to verify the proven design.
2) The Manufacturer shall not extend the severity of any specific test for the purposes of
gathering design development data.
10.4 NAMEPLATES AND STAMPINGS

10.4.2 Add to this clause:
If specified by the Owner, an asset number plate of corrosion-resistant metallic
material shall be provided, attached to the exchanger alongside the Manufacturer's
nameplate.
If a spare tube bundle are part of the supply of the heat exchanger, an asset number
plate shall also be provided and fixed to the tubesheet.
If test flanges and/or test rings form part of the supply, an asset number plate shall
also be provided and fixed to the test flanges and/or test rings.
Add new para 10.5
10.5. TEST RING AND TEST FLANGE
Shell and tube heat exchangers shall be provided with test flanges or test rings as
follows:
- Each exchanger with a bonnet-type head, a removable bundle, and a
tubesheet of diameter smaller than the outside diameter of the
connecting shell flange shall be provided with a test flange.
- Each exchanger with split ring floating head (S type) shall be provided with
a test ring with packing gland.
Unless otherwise specified in the data/requisition sheet, each unit of identical heat
exchangers performing a common duty shall be equipped as follows:
(1) One test flange or ring, for two bundles per unit.
(2) Two test flanges or rings, for three or more bundles per unit.
(3) Two test flanges or rings, for stacked exchangers with direct interconnections.
11. PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
11.1 PROTECTION
11.1.1 Add to this clause
PTS 12.21.01
Page 31 of 40
After draining, the heat exchanger shall be dried. Degree of dryness to be agreed
between Owner and Manufacturer.
11.1.5 This clause is not applicable to this PTS
11.1.10 Equipment shall be made seaworthy for overseas shipment. Flange covers shall be
installed and the equipment shall be filled with dry inert gas. Chloride protection shall
be provided for stainless steel equipment
PTS 12.21.01
Page 32 of 40
4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/ Publication. Unless specifically
designated by date, the latest edition of each standard shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:
PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations PTS 00.01.03
& Reading Guide
Index to Standard Forms PTS 00.11.02
Index to Requisitions PTS 00.11.03
Symbols and identification system - Mechanical PTS 12.00.02
Equipment and tools for maintenance: Mechanical maintenance PTS 12.00.03
equipment, tools and bolt tensioning
Spare parts PTS 12.00.04
Bolted Flange Joint Assembly (Amendment/Supplements to PTS 12.00.06
ASME PCC-1)
Pressure vessels PTS 12.20.01
Air-cooled heat exchangers (amendments/supplements to ISO PTS 12.21.02
13706)
Piping classes – Refineries, Chemical And Gas Plants, Onshore PTS 12.31.01
Exploration And Production Facilities
Piping classes – Exploration And Production (Offshore) PTS 12.31.02
Positive Material Identification (PMI) PTS 15.02.01
Welding for Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries (Amendments / PTS 15.12.01
Supplements to API RP 582)
Protective Coatings and Lining PTS 15.20.03
Preservation of Upstream Production and Process Facilities PTS 15.20.16
Heat Transfer Equipment Fouling Factor PTS 16.12.01
Design Conditions : Temperature, Pressure & Toxicity PTS 16.50.01
Covered serrated metal (Camprofile) gaskets to EN 12560-6 PMRC PMR
Non-metallic flat gaskets, with or without insert, to ASME B16.21 PMRC PMR
Spiral wound gaskets to ASME B16.20 PMRC PMR
NOTE(S): PETRONAS Materials Reference Code - Mandatory
Additional Requirements
(PMRC PMR) shall be as referenced in EDRS.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 33 of 40
ENGINEERING DATA REQUISITION SHEETS

Shell and tube heat exchangers R 12.90.016
Pressure vessels (columns, reactors accumulators, etc.) R 12.90.025
Expansion joints R 12.90.042
Engineering documents (“RED” form) R 12.90.100
NOTE: Data/requisition sheets are contained in the
Requisitioning binder, PTS 00.11.03
STANDARD DRAWINGS
Lifting lug for top covers (material: carbon steel, low alloy steel D 12.92.003
or stainless steel)
Brackets for standard vertical reboilers. Nom. dia. 350 up/incl. D 12.92.044
1100 mm
Sacrificial Anodes for Tubular D 12.92.046
Steel Sacrificial Plate for Tubulars 350mm Nom. Dia. and Larger D 12.92.047
Bottom part for 14”, 16” and 18” dia. reboiler with floating head D 12.92.050
Bottom part for 20”, 24” and 26” dia. reboiler with floating head D 12.92.051
Bottom part for 24”, 26”, 30”, 32” and 36” dia. reboiler with floating D 12.92.052
head
Bottom part for 30”, 32”, 36”, 40” and 44” dia. reboiler D 12.92.053
Saddles for horizontal vessels. Shell dia. 150 OD up to and incl. D 12.92.054
1000 mm OD
Saddles for horizontal vessels. Shell dia. 1050 mm OD up to and D 12.92.055
incl. 3600 mm OD
Sliding plate for saddles of horizontal vessels. D 12.92.056
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Heat transfer calculations for tubular equipment - computer
programmes:
1. HTRI Xchanger Suite Xist
2. Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis Program VIB
Guide for pressure-relieving and depressuring systems API RP 521
Pipe flanges and flanged fittings NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 ASME B16.5
metric/inch standard
Standard specification for carbon steel bolts and studs, ASTM A 307
60 000 psi tensile strength
Specification for straight-beam ultrasonic examination of plain ASTM A 578
and clad steel plates for special applications
PTS 12.21.01
Page 34 of 40
Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association EJMA standards

Standard for steam surface condensers HEI 10
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in ISO 15156:2009
H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Shell-and-tube heat ISO 16812:2007
exchangers
Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association TEMA standards,
9th edition, 2007
PTS 12.21.01
Page 35 of 40
APPENDIX A -1: MATERIALS FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
TABLE A-1 below shows preferable material types for most service conditions, the Notes on
Table A-2 shall also be applicable. The construction materials specified in this Table are
referenced by ASTM standards, however, equivalent ISO standards or other standards, may
be used with the approval of the Owner. The material selection shall be decided based on
Corrosion design basis memorandaum and shall be indicated in the datasheets.
For ease in identifying the following seven (7) groups of materials have been considered, other
low alloy steel material as per service condition may be chosen and indicated in data sheet for
Owner’s review:
CS Carbon steel
LTCS Low temperature carbon steel
SS Stainless steels
Cu Alloy Copper-based alloys
DSS Duplex stainless steels
Alloy 400 Alloy 400 (Monel)
Ti Titanium
The most common types of heat exchangers are indicated in TEMA, including fixed tube sheet,
floating head and U-tube bundle designs.
The Contractor shall specify on the data/requisition sheet the materials group that will apply,
or the specific materials required for each component.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 36 of 40
Materials groups with ASTM Material Numbering

CS LTCS SS CU Alloy DSS Alloy 400 Ti
Component Carbon Low Stainless steel Copper Duplex Alloy Titanium
item nos.
steel temp. alloys stainless 400

[1] carbon steel [2] (Monel)
steel
1 Plate or pipe A 515- A 516- A 263-410S B 171-C61400 A 240 [2] B 127- B 265-Gr.2
for Shell side 60/65 [5] 60/65/70 A 264-304L/321 [14] N04400 [14]
shell/ head ; A 516- [9] A 240- B 171-C71500 [14]
channel side 60/65/70 A 333-6 304L/316L/321 [14]
Shell/ head A 106-B B 171-C63000
[5,6] [14,15]
B 148-C95800
2 Body Flanges A 105 A 765-II A 182 F- Same as for A 182- As for As for
Shell side/ [7,8,9] [6] 304L/316L/321 shell/ F51/F53 channel - channel -
tube side A 266-Cl2 channel shell shell
(forging) or [7,9] forgings (if
forged cover available) or
plates
3 Stationary A 266-Cl2 A 765-II A 263-410S B 171-C61400 A 182- B 127- B 265-Gr.2
tube sheet [7,9] [6] A 264- [14] F51/F53 N04400 [14]
with u-tube A 515-70 A 516- 304L/316L/321 B 171-C71500 A 240 [2] [14] B 381-F-2
or floating (not 65/70 A 240- [14]
head or welded) [6][9] 304L/316L/321 B 171-C63000
floating tube A 516- A 182 [14,15]
sheet [3] 65/70 F304L/316L/321
;Fixed tube
sheets [3,4];
(forging,
plate)
4 Floating head A 105 A 765-II A 182 B 283-C63000 A 182- B 564- B 381-F-2
flange [7,8,9] [6] F304L/316L/321 B 148-C95800 F51/F53 N04400 B 367-C-2
(forging) A 266-Cl2 B 369-C96200
[7,9] B 369-C96400
5 Floating head A 515- A 516- A 263-410S B 171-C61400 A 240 [2] B 127- B 265-Gr.2
(plate) 60/65 [5] 60/65/70 A 264-304L/321 [14] N04400 B 367-C-2
A 516- [9] A 240- B 171-C71500 [14]
60/65/70 304L/316L/321 [14]
B 171-C63000
[14,15]
B 148-C95800
B 369-C96200
B 369-C96400
6 Channel A 266-Cl2 A 765-II A 263-410S B 171-C61400 A 182- B 127- B 265-Gr.2
cover [7,9] [6] A 264- [14] F51/F53 N04400 [14]
(forging, A 515- A 515- 304L/316L/321 B 171-C71500 A 240 [2] [14] B 381-F-2
plate) 60/65 [5] 60/65 [9] A 240- [14]
A 516- A 516- 304L/316L/321 B 171-C63000
60/65/70 60/65/70 A 182- [14,15]
[9] F304L/316L/321
PTS 12.21.01
Page 37 of 40

item nos.

steel
7 Tubes A 179 A 179 A 268- B 111-C70600 A 789 [2] B 163- B 338-

A 214 A 214 TP405/410 [16] N04400 Grade 2
[10] [10] A 213 B 111-C71500
A 334-6 TP304L/316L/32 [16]
1 B 111-C71640
A 249 [16]
TP304L/316L/32 B 111-C68700
1 [10] [16,17]
8 Nozzles – A 106-B A 333-6 A 312- Same as for A 790 [2] Same as Same as for
shell side/ A 105 A 350- TP304L/316L/32 channel - for channel –
tube side [7,8,9] LF2 Cl.1 1 shell channel - shell, or A
(pipe, A 266-Cl2 A 765-II A 182- shell 105 with Ti
forging) [7,9] [6] F304L/316L/321 Gr.2 lap
9 Cladding – - - A 263-410S B 171-C61400 - B 127- B 265-Gr.1

channel side A 264- [14] N04400 [14]
/ tube sheet 304L/316L/321 B 171-C71500 [14]
and floating [14]
head B 171-C63000
[14,15]
10 Baffles and A 283-C A 283-C A 240-405/410S A 283-C [18] A 240- B 127- A 283-C
support A 515- A 515- A 240- B 171-C61400 304/316 N04400 [18]
plates (plate) 60/65 60/65 304/316/321 B 171-C63000 A 240 [2] A 516-
A 516- A 516- 60/65/70
60/65/70 60/65/70 [18]
B 127-
N04400
B 265-Gr.2
11 Eye A 193-B7 A 193-B7 A 193-B7 A 193-B7 A 193-B7 A 193-B7 A 193-B7
bolt/loosenin
g bolts
12 Expansion [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11]
bellows
(internal)
13 Bearing ring A 283-C A 283-C A 283-C A 283-C A 283-C - -
(plate) A 675- A 675- A 675-45/50/55 A 675- A 675-
45/50/55 45/50/55 45/50/55 45/50/55
14 Internal set A 193- A 193- A 193-B7,B6X, A 193- A 193- A 193- A 193-
of screws of B7/B7M B7/B7M B7M B7/B7M B7/B7M B7/B7M B7/B7M
bearing ring
15 Test Carbon Carbon Carbon steel Carbon steel Carbon Carbon Carbon
ring/flange steel steel steel steel steel
16 Sacrificial Zn, Mg - - Soft iron [19] - - -
plates/anode [12,13]
s
PTS 12.21.01
Page 38 of 40

item nos.

steel
17 Reducer A 105 - A 387-5/9 B 171-C63000 - - B 861

construction [7,8,9] A 240-
(plate, pipe) A 106-B TP405/410S
TABLE A-1 COMMON MATERIALS FOR USE IN SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
TABLE A-2 - ITEM LIST AND NOTES FOR TABLE –A-1

NOTE(S): 1. Refer to ISO 15156 for carbon steel exchangers in sour or wet hydrogen sulphide service,.
2. UNS S31803, UNS S32205, UNS S32750, UNS S32760.
3. Matching tube-tubesheet compositions are required, unless otherwise specified.
4. If the tubesheet forms a flange or is directly welded to the shell it shall be supplied as a forging and not as plate material.
5. C-content max. 0.23 % for carbon steel.
6. Mn < 1.3 %.
7. C < 0.25 %.
8. Mn < 1.2 %.
9. Normalised.
10. Welded tubes may be used only when specified on the data/requisition sheet.
11. Bellows material shall be identified on the data/requisition sheet, and requires approval of the Owner.
12. Composition of sacrificial anodes are given in PTS 15.20.01
13. For correct mounting of Mg and Zn anodes refer to drawing D 12.92.046
14. Clad plate may be used when specified on the data/requisition sheet. When Titanium cladding is applied, ASTM B265
Gr.1 clad material shall be used.
15. Recommended grade for seawater service.
16. Tubes provided with low-fins shall be ordered according to ASTM B 359
17. Al brass tubes (bare or low-finned) shall only be used in the fully annealed condition and shall be capable of meeting the
requirements of the stress corrosion susceptibility tests (as in ASTM B 154, B 858, ISO 196 or ISO 6957).
18. Only for non-corrosive non-aqueous service.
19. Required for C68700 tubes. For correct mounting of Fe anodes refer to drawing D 12.92.047.
PTS 12.21.01
Page 39 of 40
APPENDIX B : METHOD OF DETECTION OF HARMFUL OXIDE FILMS ON COPPER-NICKEL ALLOY

TUBES
Applicable to all grades of copper nickel tubes
(ASTM B111, ASTM B359,)
1. GENERAL
To avoid pitting corrosion during operating condition, the tubes shall be properly preserved
and the following test shall be carried out by the Contractor/ tube supplier as part of the
quality control procedure.
When the tubes are ordered according to ASTM B111 or ASTM B359, one (1) tube shall be
tested per lot.
2. PROCEDURE
2.1 Cleaning
Prior to testing, the tube should be degreased thoroughly by pulling a soft cloth, soaked in a
petroleum spirit, through the tube and repeating this until the cloth is clean. Allow the solvent
to evaporate. The potential Etcorr is noted 10 minutes after inserting the reference electrode.
2.2 Filling with KCl
One end of the tube is plugged with a rubber stopper and, with the tube either vertical or
inclined, it is filled with a potassium chloride solution. To enable the steady-state potential to
be reached quickly a dilute solution of potassium chloride (0.02 M or approximately 1.5 g/l)
shall be used to fill the tube. Potentials shall be measured against silver/silver chloride
reference electrode, also in 0.02 M KCl solution, so avoiding liquid junction potentials.
2.3 Measuring potential of "as delivered condition"
Without undue delay the reference electrode, removed from its storage capsule, is carefully
lowered into the tube to dip into the solution, so completing the circuit via high impedance
millivolt meter. (The connections to the meter are: reference electrode to the ground (or
black) terminal tube/crocodile clip (kept dry) to the positive (red) terminal.).
Note: It is important to prevent the solution wetting either the tube exterior/crocodile clip junction or a freshly cut end of the
tube since either possibility will result in false readings.
2.4 Measuring potential of "bare material"
To obtain the value for the freshly abraded tube alloy a piece of tube is stoppered as before
with a rubber bung and the outer surface of the tube is abraded with silicon carbide paper
under clean water to obtain a bright surface. This is rinsed first with clean water and then with
the potassium chloride (KCl) solution (0.02 M) before being immersed in fresh KCl solution
into which the reference electrode is placed. A crocodile clip is attached to a dry portion of
the tube and the potential Eacorr noted after 10 minutes.
3. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
PTS 12.21.01
Page 40 of 40
For ASTM B111 C71640 repeated measurements of many tubes have shown that Eacorr
determined by this method is -0.230 ± 0.010 volts.
An acceptable tube has the difference, ΔE, below +0.070 Volts
Where, ∆E = Etcorr - (-0.230) volts,
e.g. for an acceptable tube Etcorr may be found to be -0.180 Volts
so that ∆E = -0.180 - (-0.230)
= +0.050 volts
Where as for an unacceptable tube Etcorr would be more positive than - 0.160 volts.
4. REMOVAL OF AN UNACCEPTABLE CATHODIC OXIDE FILM
Removal of an unacceptable cathodic film (∆E > +0.07 Volts) may be done by either blast
cleaning or acid cleaning. After cleaning the test shall be repeated on representative samples.
5. CERTIFICATION
Manufacturers shall issue certificates showing that each (inspection) lot of tubes supplied is
free of harmful films.
Note: Etcorr – corrosion potential for the tube bore in as received condition
Eacorr - corrosion potential of freshly abraded tube alloy

Petronas Technical Standards: Heat Exchangers - Shell and Tube Type

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Petronas Technical Standards: Heat Exchangers - Shell and Tube Type

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PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Heat Exchangers - Shell And Tube Type

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.2 Specific Definitions

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

3 GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

4 HAZ Heat Affected Zone

5 LAS Low Alloy Steel

6 PQR Procedure Qualification Record

7 PWHT Post weld heat treatment

8 SCC Stress Corrosion Cracking

9 WPS Welding Procedure Specification

10 WQT Welder Qualification Test

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

2.2 THERMAL DESIGN AND RATING

2.3 MATERIAL SELECTION

2.4 TUBE SELECTION

Nominal Tube gauge

Copper and 15.88 16 1.65

Carbon steel, low alloy 15.88 14 2.11

High alloy steels (refer to 15.88 16 1.65

Nominal Tube gauge

2.4.2 Circumferentially-finned tubes

Mechanical cleaning required Yes No

Minimum inside tube diameter 15.0 mm 13.0 mm

Minimum wall thickness non-ferrous and stainless steel 1.6 mm 1.2 mm

2.4.3 Longitudinally-finned tubes

Centre-To-Centre Distance Tolerance

For U-tubes the following heat treatment shall be applied:

iv. Bends in aluminium and copper alloys regardless of bend radii.

2.5 TUBE PITCH, TUBE LAYOUT AND TUBE LENGTH

2.5.1 Tube pitch

2.5.2 Tube pitch over pass partition lane

The following requirements shall apply:

2.5.3 Tube lay-out

2.5.4 Tube length

3.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 16812

3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Add new definitions:

3.14 Hydrogen service

3.15 Very toxic service

See definition in PTS 16.50.01.

4.1 PRESSURE DESIGN CODE

Replace this clause by:

4.2 Replace this clause by:

Heat exchanger construction shall conform to TEMA, Class R unless otherwise

5.1 Add to this clause:

The proposals shall include the requirement of requisition sheet R 12.90.100.

Data/requisition sheet R 12.90.016, sheet 4 shall include the tubesheet layout

- Number of tubes per pass

- The provision of impingement protection

- The provision of sliding strips

- The provision of sealing devices

- Baffle cut and orientation

- The main dimensions in millimetres (including actual outer tube limit).

5.2 Add to this clause:

5.3 Add to this clause:

The use of distributor belt requires Owner’s approval.

6. DRAWINGS AND OTHER REQUIRED DATA

6.1.1 Replace this clause by: