INDIAN SOCIETY FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

Model Examination – PT Level III

PT – 3

1. Lipophilic emulsifiers have limited water tolerance. Excessive water

can reduce their activity, change their viscosity and change their
appearance. What is the general range of water tolerance?
a. 1 to 5%
b. 5 to 10%
c. 5 to 20%
d. over 20%

2. Penetrant used emits yellow green light. To avoid eye ball

fluorescence, the operator is permitted to wear
a. Sun glasses
b. Yellow glasses
c. Green glasses
d. All of the above

3. Liquid penetrant inspection detects only those discontinuities that

are open to the surface. In a casting hot tear is suspected, but
subsequently shot blasted for better surface finish and painted. This
defect can be detected by liquid penetrant
a. after cleaning the surface with paint remover
b. after cleaning the surface with penetrant remover
c. after wire brushing and cleaning with cleaner
d. by none of the above methods

4. Excess penetrant from the part with hydrophilic emulsifier is

removed by
a. Spraying coarse jet of water over the surface.
b. Dipping the part in a water mixed with emulsifier
c. Spraying with water mixed with emulsifier
d. All of the above
e. (b) and (c)

5. Acids and chromates contamination in fluorescent penetrant will

a. Cause loss of fluorescence
b. Increase visibility
c. Increase brightness contrast
d. Increase washability

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6. Dual response penetrant means
a. The indications can be viewed with white light and black light
b. Visible colour contrast with white light and only the developer will emit
light with black light
c. It can be removed with solvent and water
d. Its availability in solution form and suspension form

7. A visible dye penetrant is not as sensitive as most fluorescent dye

penetrant. Why?
a. A red visible dye needs a thicker threshold film
b. A visible dye does not emit light to attract the eye
c. A thick developer coat to provide a good white background can mask
an indication
d. All of the above
e. Only (a) and (c) above

8. Defect detectability increases, if the component is

a. In as machined condition
b. In etched condition
c. In etched or proof loaded condition
d. All of the above

9. Effects of evaporation of volatile component of liquid penetrant

materials includes
a. Increased dragout
b. Change in fluorescence
c. Increased viscosity
d. All of the above

10. The flash point for Trichloroethylene is

a. 65 degree C
b. 72 degree C
c. (-) 18 degree C
d. None

11. The activity of emulsifier determined its speed of interaction with

penetrants. Activity is principally determined by
a. The viscosity of the emulsifier
b. Efficiency of the emulsifier
c. Method of application of emulsifier
d. All of the above
e. (a) and (b)

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12. Water washable fluorescent penetrant
a. Contains no built in emulsifier
b. Contains built in emulsifier
c. Requires emulsifier to be added before Precleaning
d. Requires emulsifier to be added before Precleaning

13. The diffusion rate (emulsification time) will depend on the viscosity
of lipophilic emulsifier and drain off of the emulsifier from the
surface Comparing a part immersed in an emulsifier and another
immersed and withdrawn to drain off,
a. The emulsifier mixes with penetrant faster when immersed in the
emulsifier bath
b. The emulsifier mixes with penetrant faster when it is immersed and
withdrawn from the bath
c. Both process will have same effect of emulsifier mixing with the
penetrant
d. After applying the penetrant, the part should not immerse in the
emulsifier bath.

14. Vapour degreasing is a process suitable for removal of

a. Organic contaminants such as mineral oils and grease
b. Contaminants such as carbon, varnish, paints
c. (a) and (b)
d. All of the above

15. During process, it is found that post emulsification penetrant was

not properly removed from the surface. The best method of
reprocessing is
a. Send it back to re emulsification station
b. Proceed with application of penetrant
c. Reprocess these parts through the entire penetrant inspection process
with thorough cleaning
d. Apply developer and observe any indication is visible

16. It is often desirable for test operators to examine the test parts soon
after developer applications, and periodically thereafter throughout
the recommended development time,
a. To observe the initial appearance and growth of defect indications
b. To observe any bleed out, and if not to reapply the developer
c. To observe the drying time of the developer
d. To observe any false indication

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17. Aqueous developers
a. Should be applied only on wet surfaces
b. Can be applied on surfaces dry or wet with water
c. Should be applied on the surface after heating with hot air
d. ]are available only in solution form

18. Diffused or weak indications

a. May be caused by improper penetrant procedure
b. Difficult to interpret
c. can be ignored
d. both (a) & (b)

19. Heating the part to 38 degree C to 40 degree C max. just before

applying the penetrant:
a. Will lead to some gain in sensitivity
b. Will volatalise the penetrant and washing will be difficult
c. Will reduce fluorescence
d. All of the above

20. Dwell time is the period

a. A part is immersed in liquid penetrant tank
b. A part is kept out side the tank after immersion
c. A part immersed in penetrant, and the drain time during which a film of
penetrant covers its entire surface.
d. From surface preparation to excess penetration removal

21. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a

service induced discontinuity
a. Fatigue crack
b. Porosity
c. Machining tear
d. Shrinkage

22. The surface of on Ideal penetrant in a capillary tube should have

a. Flat surface
b. The level (meniscus) will be convex
c. The level (meniscus) will be concave
d. The shape of the meniscus is immaterial

23. Developer assists in the detection of penetrant retained in

discontinuities by aiding the
a. Drying process
b. Bleed-out process
c. Spreading process
d. (b) & (C)

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24. The bulk density of dry developer is ------- comparing to the bulk
density of developer used in water for wet type
a. Equal
b. Less
c. High
d. Unpredictable

25. The normal human eye has its highest sensitivity in the
a. red wavelength region
b. green wavelength region
c. blue wavelength region
d. yellow or yellow green wavelength region

26. The recommended black light intensity is:

a. 800 to 1000 micro watts per Sq.Cms
b. 300 micro watts per Sq.Cms
c. 3000 micro watt per Sq.cms
d. not established

27. Light in the wavelength region of 4 and 400 nm (40 and 4000
Angstroms) are known as ultraviolet. Waves ranging from
a. 4 and 320 nm is injurious to eyes.
b. 320 and 400 nm is injurious to eyes
c. 365 and 400 nm is injurious to eyes
d. 320 and 365 nm is injurious to eyes

28. Concentration of aqueous wet suspendable developer is checked by

hydrometer. The low specific gravity observed is corrected by
a. Removing water
b. Adding developer powder and stirring thoroughly
c. By heating
d. Adding water

29. Water is added to a lipophilic emulsifier to balance the activity loss

caused by
a. Increasing the viscosity
b. Decreasing the viscosity
c. Making the emulsifier cloudy
d. Reducing the flash point

30. One of the common contaminant found in lipophilic emulsifier tank is

a. Oil
b. Water
c. Developer
d. Chromates

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31. The property of a dye used in penetrant materials to emit light of a
range of wave lengths different from the wave length of light that
falls on it (excites the emission) is called
a. Emissivity
b. Black light
c. Excitation
d. Fluorescence

32. The temperature recommended for rinse water in water washable dye
penetrant is 15 to 32 degree C. If the water used is at low
temperature
a. More rinsing may be required
b. Less rinsing is sufficient
c. No change in rinsing time
d. Water should not be used with lesser temperature

33. Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant

indications?
a. Excessive application of penetrant
b. Inadequate application of developers
c. Penetrant or part hot during penetration time
d. Improper pre-cleaning

34. When penetrant testing for wide and less deep discontinuity using a
post emulsification penetrant, the emulsification time should be long
enough to:
a. Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only
b. Mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the surface and in
discontinuities
c. Allow the emulsifier to dry out to a white powder
d. Mix the emulsifier with the penetrant in the discontinuity

35. Which developer is not recommended with water washable

penetrant?
a. Dry
b. Plastic film
c. Solvent suspended
d. Water soluble

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36. By applying nonaqueous developer to the test parts with visible dye,
a. The liquid vehicle in the developer aids in drawing penetrant from the
discontinuities to the surface of the developer film, thus revealing
discontinuities.
b. The active particle in the developer draw the trapped penetrant to the
surface by a so-called “blotter action”.
c. The fine film of developer on the part furnishes a white coating that
serves as a contrasting background for the colored dye penetrant.
d. All of the above
e. (b) and (c)

37. The part is a 65 mm alloy steel pipe weld after stress relief. During
PT a long sharp indication is observed between the edge of the weld
and parent metal. The indication is:
a. A relevant indication
b. False indication
c. Non-relevant indication
d. To be confirmed by another NDT

38. Penetrant may be used for leak detection

a. If surfaces are clean
b. If both sides are accessible
c. In dilute form during hydro test
d. All of the above

39. A partially welded forging lap would probably

a. Give no indication
b. Appear as an intermittent line
c. Appear as very thin, continuous line
d. Appear as a broad, continuous line

40. A cold shut in a casting would show which type of indication?

a. A line of dots
b. A group of dots
c. An intermittent line
d. A continuous line, narrow and not jagged

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 MODEL EXAMINATION – PT LEVEL III
ANSWERS

Q.NO ANSWERS Q.NO ANSWERS

1 A 31 D
2 B 32 A
3 D 33 D
4 D 34 A
5 A 35 D
6 A 36 D
7 D 37 A
8 C 38 D
9 D 39 B
10 D 40 D
11 E
12 B
13 B
14 A
15 C
16 A
17 B
18 D
19 A
20 C
21 A
22 C
23 D
24 B
25 D
26 A
27 A
28 B
29 B
30 B