LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING (PT)

1. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is

primarily related to:
a. The viscosity of the penetrant
b. Capillary forces.
c. The chemical inertness of the penetrant.
d. The specific gravity of the penetrant
e. All of the above

2. Liquid penetrant testing is a nondestructive test hat can be used for:

a. Locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities in a test specimen.
b. Locating and determining the length, width, and depth of discontinuities
in a test specimen
c. Determining the tensile strength of a test specimen.
d. Locating discontinuities open to the surface.
e. ‘a’ , ‘b’ and ‘d’

3. Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to liquid

penetrant testing?
a. This method can accurately measure the depth of a crack or
discontinuity.
b. This method can be used for on-site testing of large parts.
c. This method can be used to find shallow surface discontinuities.
d. This method can be made more or less sensitive by using different
penetrant materials

4. The property of dye used in penetrant materials to emit light of a

range of wavelengths different from the wavelength of light that
excites the emission is called:
a. Emissivity.
b. Irradiation.
c. Black light.
d. Spectrum blocking
e. Fluorescence.

5. When using a fluorescent, post-emulsifier penetrant, the length of

time the emulsifier is allowed to remain on the part is critical for
detecting shallow discontinuities. The optimum length of time should
be:
a. 10 seconds.
b. 5 seconds
c. 2-3 minutes.
d. Determined by experimentation.

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6. A red penetrant indication against white background is most likely to
be seen when:
a. Dry developers are used.
b. Visible dye penetrants are used.
c. Fluorescent post-emulsified penetrants are used.
d. Wet developers are used.
e. Ultraviolet light is used with visible dye penetrants.

7. The most widely accepted method for removing excessive water-

washable penetrant from the surface of a test specimen is by:
a. Using a wet rag.
b. Using a water spray rinse.
c. Washing the part directly under water running from a tap.
d. Immersing the part in water.

8. Which of the following penetrant systems is generally considered the

least sensitive?
a. Water-washable; visible dye.
b. Solvent-removable; visible dye.
c. Water-washable; fluorescent dye.
d. Post-emulsified; visible dye.

9. When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent-removable

visible dye penetrant, there are several ways to remove excess
penetrant from the surface of the part. Which of the methods listed
below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test
results?
a. Squirting solvent overt the surface with no more than 10 psi pressure.
b. Wiping with a solvent-soaked cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth.
c. Wiping with a solvent-dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloths.
d. Wiping with dry wipes, then wiping with a solvent-dampened cloth, and
finally wiping with dry cloth.

10. A problem with retesting a specimen that has been previously tested
using liquid penetrant is that:
a. The penetrant may form beads on the surface
b. the penetrant residue left in discontinuities may not readily dissolve
and the retest may be misleading.
c. The penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance.
d. None of the above are correct statements.

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11. A commonly used method of checking the overall performance of a
penetrant material system is to:
a. Determine the viscosity of the penetrant.
b. Measure the wetability of the penetrant.
c. Compare two sections of artificially cracked specimens.
d. Do all of the above.

12. The function of emulsifier in the post-emulsified penetrant process is

to:
a. More rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks.
b. React with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water-
washable
c. Provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere.
d. Emulsify surface oils and greases to facilitate their removal.

13. Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used
during penetrant testing?
a. Developers are normally highly fluorescent.
b. Some developers furnish a contrasting background during inspection
c. Add fluorescent die or pigment to the penetrant.
d. Developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities
after the excess penetrant; has been removed.
e. All of the above are true statements.

14. The penetrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a casting
will normally be
a. A doted line.
b. A cluster of small indications.
c. A smooth continuous line.
d. A large bulbous indication.
e. Undetectable since cold shuts are closed over on the surface.

15. A crack-type discontinuity will generally appear as:

a. A rounded indication.
b. A continuous line, either straight or jagged.
c. A broad, fuzzy indication.
d. Random round or elongated holes.

16. In a penetrant test, scattered round indications on the surface of a

part could be indicative of:
a. Fatigue cracks.
b. Porosity
c. Weld laps.
d. Hot tears.
e. Grinding cracks.

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17. Which of the following are typical nonrelevant indications found in
penetrant testing?
a. Indications due to part geometry or part design configurations.
b. Nonmagnetic indications.
c. Multiple indications.
d. Nonlinear indications.
e. Indications on low-stressed areas of the part.

18. Which of the statements below best states the results of

sandblasting for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested?
a. Discontinuities may be closed.
b. Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities.
c. The sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the
discontinuity.
d. The sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities into the part
e. None of the above.

19. The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be:

a. A crescent type indication.
b. A cluster of indications.
c. A thin continuous line.
d. A doted line.

20. Aluminum alloy test specimens that have been tested by the liquid
penetrant method should be thoroughly cleaned after testing
because:
a. Acid in the penetrant may cause severe corrosion.
b. The alkalines in wet developers and most emulsifiers could cause
surface pitting, particularly in moist atmospheres.
c. The oily residue from the test will severely inhibit the application of
paint on aluminum alloys.
d. A chemical reaction between the penetrant and aluminum could cause
a fire

21. Penetrants may be used for leak detection:

a. If surfaces are clean.
b. If both sides are accessible.
c. In dilute form during hydro-test.
d. Effectively by using fluorescent tracers.
e. In all of the above

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22. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled
bar stock?
a. Blow holes.
b. Shrinkage laps.
c. Cracks or seams.
d. Insufficient penetration.

23. Anodized surfaces are usually considered poor candidates for high
sensitivity liquid penetrant examination because the anodizing
process produces a conversion layer that:
a. Is extremely smooth and slick.
b. Has a multitude of extremely small pores.
c. May have alkaline residue which “quenches” the penetrant.
d. Cannot be cleaned by ordinary processes.
e. Flakes off on contact with penetrant materials.

24. Which of the following penetrant methods does not normally require
a source of electricity to properly conduct a test?
a. Water-washable fluorescent penetrant method.
b. Post-emulsified fluorescent penetrant method.
c. Visible dye penetrant method.
d. None of the above required a source of electricity.

25. Which of the following statements is true concerning penetrant

testing of welds with rough surfaces?
a. The post-emulsified process offers advantages over the water-
washable process.
b. Weld surfaces must be ground flush in order to expose all subsurface
discontinuities.
c. If the solvent-removal process is used, the best developer would be an
aqueous suspension.
d. Welds with rough surfaces cannot be successfully tested by any
penetrant methods.
e. None of the above statements is true.

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 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING (PT)

ANSWERS

1 B
2 D
3 A
4 E
5 D
6 B
7 B
8 A
9 D
10 B
11 C
12 B
13 A
14 C
15 B
16 B
17 A
18 A
19 A
20 B
21 E
22 C
23 B
24 C
25 E