Biofuels are liquid fuels that have been developed from other materials such as plant or animal

waste matter. Derived from biological carbon fixation. biofuel is considered to be a source
of renewable energy, unlike fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Biofuel is
commonly advocated as a cost-effective and environmentally benign alternative to petroleum
and other fossil fuels, particularly within the context of rising petroleum prices and increased
concern over the contributions made by fossil fuels to global warming.
Some of the agricultural products that are specifically grown for the production of biofuels are:

 United States- switchgrass, soybeans and corn

 Brazil- sugar cane
 Europe- sugar beet and wheat
 China- cassava and sorghum
 Asia- miscanthus and palm oil
 India- jatropha

Main types of biofuels

BIOETHANOL
- Is an alcohol.
- It is colorless and clear liquid.
- Made by fermenting sugar and starch components of plants materials by using a strain
of yeast.
- One of the widely used alternative automotive fuel in the world.
 Ethanol is currently most commonly used as fuel for vehicles in an blended petrol
form.

BIODIESEL
- Is not an alcohol.
- Is produced from renewable plant or animal feedstocks which contain long chain fatty
acids.
- Can be used as fuel for vehicles.
- Canola, algae, sunflower, mustard crops can all make suitable biofuels.
Application:
- Railway usage
- Aircraft use
- As a heating oil
- Cleaning oil spills
 - Biodiesel in generators
- Vehicles

BIOBUTANOL
- It refers to butanol made from renewable resources such as grain.
- Butanol is more similar to gasoline than to ethanol.
Applications:
- Gasoline and break fluid
- Solvent- for paints, coatings, varnishes
- Plasticizers- to improve how a plastic material processes
- Chemical intermediate or raw material- for other chemicals and plastics
- Textiles- as a swelling agent for coated fabric
- Cosmetics- makeup, nail care products, shaving products.
- Butanol can be used in car.

BIOGAS
- Is a fuel used as domestic purpose
- Obtained from cow manure , fruit and vegetable waste
- Is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by bacteria without oxygen
APPLICATION
- Cooking
- Lighting
- Fuel for engine