BIOFUELS

-SHORYA RAWAT
X-A
ROLL NO-32
• INTRODUCTION

• CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFUELS

• MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BIOFUELS

• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

INTRODUCTION
• Biofuel is the fuel which is produced from organic products and wastes.

• Some of the commercially used biofuels are-

Bioethanol,biodiesel,and biomethane.

• Bioethanol is made from sugar,algae,wheat and sugar beet.

• Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil,algal lipids,animal fats.

• Biomethane can be produced from waste organic material,sewage,agriculture waste and domestic wastes.
 BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK

soybean soil Animal fat Sugar beet fungi

algae Agricultural Switch grass sugarcane

Palm oil
waste
CLASSIFICATION
FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS
• Also called conventional biofuels.It includes sugar,starch,or vegetable oil.

SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS

• Known as advanced biofuels and can be manufactured from different types of biomass.The
biomass contains lignocellulosic material like wood,straw and plastic waste.

THIRD GENERATION BIOFUELS

• Extract from algae mostly marine algae.
ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
• Renewable
• Reduce greenhouse gases
• Economic security
• Easy to source
• Lower level of production.
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
• High cost of production
• Industrial pollution
• Future risk of price
• Shortage of food
• Use of fertilizer
COMMON TYPES OF BIOFUELS

BIOETHANOL

BIOFUEL BIODIESEL

BIOBUTANOL
S

BIOGAS
 BIOETHANOL

• Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate rich source which includes

sugarcane,sugar beet,corn,etc.
• It is colorless and clear liquid.
• One of the widely used alternative automotive fuel in the world.
MILLING

FERMENTATION

DISTILLATION

DEHYDRATION
 Invertase
• C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
sucrose glucose fructose

Invertase

• C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2

glucose ethanol
BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel,an alternative diesel fuel is made from renewable biological sources such as
vegetable oils and animal fats.

• Similar to petroleum,diesel and fuel in structure

• The biodiesel can be prepared by transesterification.

 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION PATH
Vegetable oil/animal fat/waste
↓
Methanol plus TRANSESTERIFICATION Crude BIODIESE
refining
catalyst biodiesel L

Crude Glycerin
↓
METHANOL GLYCERIN REFINING GLYCERIN
RECOVERY
BIOBUTANOL
• The term refers to butanol made from renewable resources such as grain or cornstalks by
fermentation process.

• Bacteria,known as,solventogenic Clostridia is used.

• Butanol is more similar to gasoline than to ethanol.

PRODUCTION OF BUTANOL FROM ETHANOL
• Use of catalysts- hydroxyapatite,hydrotaicites,etc-for ethanol conversion into
hydrocarbons

• 2CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + H2O

BIOBUTANOL APPLICATIONS
• Gasoline and brake fluid.
• Solvent-for paints,coatings,varnishes
• Plasticizers-to improve how a plastic material processes
• Coatings-as asolvent for variety of applications
• Textiles-as a swelling agent from coated fabric
• Cosmetics-makeup,nail care products,shaving products
BIOGAS
• A MIXTURE OF CH4 , CO2 AND OTHER GASES

• It is a fuel used as a domestic purpose

• Obtained from cow manure,fruit and vegetable waste
• Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by bacteria without oxygen
anaerobic digestion.
BIOGAS PLANT
STAGES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTIC PROCESS.
METHANE PRODUCTION