PRESENTATION ON BIOFUEL

BY
Md. Shahinur Rahaman
INTRODUCTION

Two hundred years ago, the world

experienced an energy revolution that
launched the Industrial Age. After two
hundreds years, the industrialized world's
thirst for energy had increased tremendously,
that causes a serious energy crisis.
WHY ENERGY IS A CRISIS?
 WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO

1%

7% 2%

11%
35%

Oil
Coal
Natural gas
21% Renewable source
Nuclear
Hydro
Other sources
24%
WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION
TWO TYPES ENERGY SOURCES

Sources

Renewable

Non-
renewable
 Non-renewable Renewable

• Oil • Solar energy

• Natural gas • Hydro power
• Coal • Biofuel
• Biomass
• Tidal energy
• Wind energy
• Geothermal
• Nuclear energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
 WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY?
The fast growing population, rapid modernization and industrialization have relentlessly
increased the demand of energy in developing countries like Bangladesh. The current
demand of energy in Bangladesh is mostly met from non-renewable resources such as
natural gas and coal. Since these sources are non-renewable in nature, the reserve will be
depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these fossil fuels, which are largely
been imported, has serious implications on economy and environment. Fossil fuels are
coming to the end, scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be
finished. So for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable
energy resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal energy etc.
 WHAT IS BIOFUEL?
 A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is
derived from biological carbon fixation.
 In other words, Fuel which produced from
renewable biological resources such as plant
biomass and treated municipal and industrial
waste.
WHY BIOFUELS?
 WHY BIOFUELS?

Therefore, there are many reasons why

we are interested in biofuels:
 To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
 To reduce reliance on foreign oil

 To lower emissions of greenhouse gases

 To bring business to rural economics

 ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
1.There is no emission of hazardous gases
2.Locally available in every region of the world.
3.Friendly with the environment, so they do not
cause global warming
4.The energy release per unit mass of biofuel is
greater than the energy released from the unit
mass of fossil fuels.
TWO METHODS TO FORM BIOFUEL :

A) SUGAR CROPS AND STARCH ARE

GROWN AND THROUGH PROCESS
OF FERMENTATION, ETHANOL IS
PRODUCED.
B) PLANTS ARE GROWN NATURALLY TO
PRODUCE OIL LIKE ALGAE.

- OILS ARE HEATED TO REDUCE

VISCOSITY, THEN DIRECTLY USE AS
FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINES
THEY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE
CATEGORIES

First generation Biofuel

• Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.

Second generation Biofuel

• Made from non-edible plant materials.

Third generation Biofuel

• Made from algae and microbes.
FIRST
GENERATION
BIOFUEL
FIRST GENERATION
Biodiesel

Vegetable
Biogas
Oil

Bioalcohols Syngas
BIODIESEL
 BIODIESEL

 Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe

 Produced from oils or fats using trans-esterification
after mixing the biomass with methanol and
sodium hydroxide.
 methanol and sodium hyrox
 Produced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
 Used for car diesel engi
PrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

Used for car diesel engines

oduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

Used for car diesel engines

 MAKING BIODIESEL

Inputs:
 Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”)
 Methanol/Ethanol
 Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide)
 Water

Outputs:
 Biodiesel
 Dirty Water
 Glycerine
Bio-diesel feed stock:
Coconut seeds
Palm
Coconut Palm seeds
Jatropha curcas
Pond Algae
Rapeseed/ Mustard seed
Sunflower
Corn
Soybean
Peanuts
Algae
Used restaurant oil
Animal fats Rapeseeds Jatropha seeds

Sunflower seeds Soybean seeds

Corn
WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL

 car diesel engine

 effective solvent
 oxygenated fuel
 ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
 Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not contain
carcinogens and its sulphur content is also lesser than the
mineral diesel.
 It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating
property
 Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle.
 Domestic resource,
 Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio
 Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and storage;
 Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon monoxide
emissions.
 DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

Higher production cost.

Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum diesel
to attract moisture.
Poor low temperature properties.
BIOALCOHOL
BIOALCOHOLS
Biologically produced alcohols, most
commonly ethanol, and less
commonly propanol and butanol.

Synthesis:
Bioalcohols are produced by the action
of microorganisms and enzymes through the
fermentation of sugars or starches (easiest), or cellulose
(which is more difficult).
APPLICATION OF BIO-ETHANOL

 Petrol engines as a replacement for

gasoline
 fireplaces

 fuel for vehicles

 Ethanol fuel is the most commonly used

bio-fuel in the world and particularly in
Brazil
VEGETABLE OIL
VEGETABLE OIL

 Generally used for cooking purpose.

 It is used in several old diesel engines that
have indirect injection systems.
 Vegetable oil is mainly used for the
production of biodiesel.
BIOGAS
APPLICATION OF BIOGAS

 To produce Electricity
 Cooking purpose

 to heat the digester

 space heating

 water heating

 process heating.
 SYNGAS
Gas mixture of CO , CO2 and H2 i s
pr oduced by par t i al combust i on of
bi omass.
This is a gas that is produce after the combined
process of

A)gasification
B)combustion
C)pyrolysis
.
APPLICATION OF SYNGAS
Can be used t o produce methanol
and hydrogen
Can be used t o gener at e
el ect r i ci t y
 CONCLUSION

Biofuel production has

lead to :
rural electrification
improving agriculture
job creation
power to local community