Bethel Cristhian School

Eight Grade

SCIENCE CLASS III PARTIAL

TOPIC: EXCRETION
Date: Monday, 24th, August to Friday, 4th September.

Excretion is biological function, by which the organism eliminates substances to keep the composition and
function of the organs of the body of living beings.
Do not confuse excretion with secretion, since secretion is the release of useful substances or hormones,
such as: saliva, gastric juices or milk.
Excretion in animals is the elimination of substances resulting after metabolism, carbon and nitrogen
compounds.
As a result of cellular metabolism, animals acquire energy and synthesize their organic matter, but waste
substances are also produced that may be toxic if they are not eliminated.
INVERTEBRATES WITH EXCRETORY SYSTEM.
Some invertebrates have an excretory system called nephridium; of which consist exist metanephridium and
photonephridium.
Protonephridium: Formed by the flame cells that mobilize by means of its cilia, water mineral salts and
ammonia towards the excretory tube.
Metanephridium: Consist of a tube surrounded by a capillary network that possesses glands with
vescicles and which usually pass waste outside of the organism.
Insects carry out excretation by means of the Malpighian tubules and the posterior intestine.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM OF VERTABRATES

Vertebrates animals have variations in their excretory system, depending on their metabolism , food and the
environment where they live.
In mammals and other vertabrates , blood is filtered by two kidneys ,which are part of the urinary system .
These produce urine ,which the ureters transport to the bladder. This Stores it and then expels it through
the urethra.
Fish excrete through two kidneys that are elongated and dark red, located on the swimming bladder.
Instruction: Answer the following questions according to the topic.

1. Make an album about the excretion system of invertebrates and vertebrates animals.

2. What is excretion?

3. What is excretion in animals?

4. How is excretion system in invertebrate animals?

5. How is excretion system in vertebrates animals?

 Bethel Cristhian School
STUDY GUIE SICENCE III PARTIAL.
Direction: study the following guide for the science test.

1. What does the human respiratory system consists?

The human respiratory system consists of a series of tubes through which the air makes its way to the
lungs.

2. What are the movements of the respiratory system?

In order for oxygen- landen air
to enter into the lungs and
carbon dioxide to be
expelled, two movements
must occur:
Inhalation or air entering the
lungs and exhalation or
exiting air .

3. What are the parts of the

respiratory System?

4. What are the types of respiration in animals?

Direct and Indirect respiration.

5. What is direct respiration?

 Occurs when the gas exchange is made through direct diffusion between the environment and cells

without the intervention of a respiratory organ.

6. What is indirect respiration?

This type of breathing is more complex and requires the presence of a respiratory organ capable of
transporting gases from the environment to the circulatory system and vice versa.

7. How is breathing in mollusks?

Terrestrial snails have an invagination called pallial cavity, which is much vascularized and acts as a

lung. In mollusks such as squid; oysters and clams, the gaseous exchange is performed by grills.

8. How is breathing in mammals?

All mammals have pulmonary respiration, including aquatic ones like whales. The exchange of gases

or hematosis is performed at the level of the alveoli, which are surrounded by blood capillaries.

9. How is breathing in arthropods?

Insects breathe througth tracheas , which are smalls chitin tubes branched all over the body and
communicated abroad through some tiny holes called stigmata.These Branches are wet and therethe
cells are oxygenated.
10. How is breathing in Fish.?
Breathing is carried out through gills. In cartilaginous fish there are branchial archs, the first is smalls and
called spiracle
11. What is stomata?
Stomata or pneumatodes are formed by a pair of modified epidermal cells, stomatal cells or occlusive
cells, which are kidney –shaped.

12. What are the two types of stomata?

13. What are Lenticels?

Lenticels are small structures or protuberances of circular shapes or elongated ones that form in the
cortex or surface of the trunks, stems and branches of the plants, replacing the stomas. Their color is
white or yellow.
14. How is the process of photosynthesis in plant’s respiration?
 Fixing of Carbon dioxide to organic matter.
 Storage of fats, proteins, and sugars in fruits and seeds.
 Storage of sugars in roots
 Adsorption of water and mineral salts
 Transpiration of water through stomata.
15. What is excretion?
Excretion is biological function, by which the organism eliminates substances to keep the composition and
function of the organs of the body of living beings.
16. What is excretion in animals?
Excretion in animals is the elimination of substances resulting after metabolism, carbon and nitrogen
compounds.