CONTENT AREA: ​Functions

OBJECTIVE: ​Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities

How can you address the UDL principles for the selected information above?
Determine what tools can be used to support and enhance student learning
BY ALL students.

Mild Intellectual Disability

Low Tech ideas:
X-Y Stamp- ​I would use an X-Y Stamp to teach how to build a function by letting the
students plot points they may have found in the word problem or task to have a
visual representation of the relationship.
Magnetic Sheets- ​I would use magnetic sheets for students to substitute in values
to the functions to see if it is true and have them explain their reasoning of why they
picked the values.

High Tech ideas:

Desmos​- I would use this as a high tech version of the X-Y stamp. It will allow
students to input the function and use sliders to see what values make the line fit
the information given.
Touch Screen Computer​- I would use a touch screen computer as an interactive
lesson where students can use technology to play around with and fill in the
relationships to create a function.

Supportive APPS:
Math Paper-​ This app allows students to do math without a pencil and paper. It is
great for people with motor challenges and lines work up to be neater and lessens
the risk of mistakes.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

Options for Recruiting Interest-​ ​Provide learners with as much discretion and
autonomy as possible by providing choices in the level of challenge, type of tools
used, color, design and layout of graphics, and sequences or timing of tasks.
 Attention Difficulties
Low Tech ideas:
Fidget tools- ​A general low tech tool used for students with attention difficulties is
fidgeting devices such as fidget cubes or spinners. As long as these devices are
silent and don’t disrupt others’ learning, they can be extremely useful in keeping
kids engaged with the content.

Outlines​- Creating a notes outline for any information present in the class helps
students better organize their information and be able to follow along easier.

High Tech ideas:

Adaptive Learning Programs​- While these are very specific and often hard to
implement, a learning program that changes depending on the student and
provides variation in activities and lessons can be very beneficial to a student with
attention difficulties.

Supportive APPS:
Algebra Touch-​ Algebra is an interactive app that allows students to engage with
algebra concepts that are needed as support for creating functions relating two
variables. This would physically engage the student more while supporting
foundational skills for the lesson.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

Options for Recruiting Interest: Design activities so that outcomes are authentic,
communicate to real audiences, and are purposeful.

Physical Disabilities
Low Tech ideas: ​pencil grips and Evo Pen- ​Pencil grips can provide students with
physical disabilities a sturdy grip and more control over their pencil movements. If a
student is not able to or has difficulty holding a pencil in their fingers, the Evo Pen
can be used in the palm of their hand. This allows the student to draw the functions
more accurately than before.

Rug Lock- ​Rug locks stabilize desks or any other surface being used by a student.
A sturdy, level writing surface is necessary for students to be able to work.

High Tech ideas: ​Touch Screen Computer- ​It may not be possible for all students
to use a pencil so having a touch screen computer would be more accessible for
some students with physical disabilities. Also the computers could have a program
which gives the student a model to follow for displaying a function between two
quantities.

Accessibility Features- ​There are a variety of settings and control panels built into
every device that accommodate various disabilities.

Supportive APPS: ​Cogi: Beyond Notes- ​Cogi is a free app available to both
Android and iPhone users. This app has speech-to-text features that allows the app
to record the speaker and turn it into text which can be viewed at any time. This can
allow some students with physical disabilities to focus on the visual representations
of functions modeling relationships and re-visit the accompanying explanations from
the teacher.

Explain Everything Whiteboard- ​This app is a free, easy-to-use virtual whiteboard

compatible with both Androids and iPhones. This allows the user to write, annotate,
screen-cast, import and export their work on the whiteboard. If a student with a
physical disability cannot write or keep up with the pace of instruction, the teacher
can send guided notes on the whiteboard to the student. For instance, the teacher
could have all the words filled out and let the student draw in the functions.

UDL Strategy (Wheel): ​Options for Physical Action- ​Provide alternatives for
physically interacting with materials (e.g. by hand, voice, switch, joystick, keyboard,
or adapted keyboard).
Options for Expressive Skills and Fluency- ​Provide learners with spell checkers,
grammar checkers, word prediction software, speech-to-text software, human
dictation, and recording.

English as a Second Language

Low Tech ideas:
White Board: ​White boards are a good tool to help students draw and write what
they are thinking. It is a good way to help students explain what they are thinking
mentally by showing it visually. Since students in this section may struggle speaking
English, they can draw on their white board how two quantities relate to each other
and their graphs.

Velcro Enhanced Books:​ This low tech tool is a good way to help provide visuals for
students. This tool allows teachers to have cut outs of visuals from textbooks. Using
these visuals may help students who learn visually. Since many students in this
section may struggle with speaking and understanding English, this allows them to
visualize what they are learning by seeing visuals. This is a good way to help
students visualize what they are learning like the relationship between two
quantities.

High Tech ideas:

Touch screen Computer: ​This tool is similar to a white board, but a touch screen
computer can allow students to write and draw on things even further than a blank
screen or board. This is a good way to help students explain what they are thinking
mentally by showing it visually. Students would be able to draw on worksheets on
the computer or graphs on the computer in this case to show the relationship
between two quantities.

E-reader-​This tool would allow students to be able to listen to their textbook and
assignments. This tool would help guide students through their textbooks and
assignments. This is a good tool to use for students whose primary language is not
English because they would be able to change the settings to listen to their work
and textbook in their primary language. This would help these students have a
better understanding of the concept they are learning.
Supportive APPS:
Youtube:​ This app is a good technology tool to use when trying to initially teach a
student about a concept like the relationship between two quantities. If a teacher
has students with different primary languages they can assign helpful videos about
the concepts they are teaching to the students. When the students are watching the
video, they can change the settings to the video so that the video has captions that
are written in their primary language.

Google Translate: ​This is a good app for students to use when they do not
understand a word or phrase in English. This app allows students to type in a word
or phrase in English and translate it to their primary language so that they have an
understanding of what they are being told or asked of.

Desmos:​ This app is a good technology tool to help students visualize what a
function or graph is doing. If a student struggles understanding how to
read/understand a function in English, this app allows them to graph a function,
which will help the students see a visual, which they may understand better.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

Options for Recruiting Interest:​ Vary activities and sources of information so that
they can be personalized and contextualized to learners’ lives, culturally relevant
and responsive, appropriate for different racial, cultural, ethnic, and gender groups.

Options for Language and Symbols:​ Clarify unfamiliar syntax (in language or in
math formulas) or underlying structure (in diagrams, graphs, illustrations, extended
expositions or narratives)

Sensory Impairment
Auditory Visual
Low Tech ideas:
​Magnetic Sheets- ​I would use
magnetic sheets for students to
substitute in values to the functions to
see if it is true and have them explain
their reasoning of why they picked the
values. This will let students with an
auditory impairment place the magnetic
numbers to the sheet to fill in the
relationships.
White Board-​ By using a white board,
the teacher would be able to write out
and show the auditory impaired student
how to build a function that shows the
relationship with two quantities by
making it color coordinated.
High Tech Ideas:
​Desmos​- I would use this as a high
tech version of the X-Y stamp. It will
allow students to input the function and
use sliders to see what values make
the line fit the information given. This
would allow for the auditory imparied
students to join in on the activity as
well.
Powerpoint-​ Powerpoint would be a
good resource to show the steps of
forming the relationship between the
two quantities. The teacher would be
able to color code the quantities and
how they relate to each other visually.
Supportive APPS:
Youtube: ​This app allows students to
watch a video by listening or by reading
captions. Since students in this section
have hearing disabilities, Youtube
Low Tech ideas:
Bar Magnifier- ​Providing tools that let the
students see the worksheets better and
examine the graphical representations of
functions easier would overall be
beneficial to students with visual
impairments.
High Tech ideas:
E-Reader-​ Using an e-reader for any
provided notes or worksheets for the
class would help support any students
with visual impairments.
Desmos/Geogebra- ​Desmos is not only a
valuable tool for graphing in general, but
also a support for students with visual
impairments since they are able to zoom
in on functions and create visually distinct
graphs to directly compare them.
Supportive APPS:
iDocCam​- ​This app is free and
compatible with both iPhones and
Androids. This app gives the user control
over the camera and gives a large-screen
projection of the object being looked at.
This can be especially useful for students
with visual impairments when they are
examining two different functions and
comparing them.
Voice Aloud Reader-​ ​This app is free for
Android and will read webpages, PDF,
DOC, DOCX, and other common file
types. This app can help students who
would allow a teacher to assign helpful may not be able to look at screens for
videos about a concept (the relationship extended periods of time or students with
between two quantities) and students severe visual impairments.
could change the settings to be able to
see captions. This allows students to be
able to read about what they are UDL Strategy (Wheel): ​Options for
learning which is crucial if they have Expressive Skills and Fluency-​ Provide
auditory disabilities. learners with spell checkers, grammar
checkers, word prediction software,
The Book App(on iphone):​ This app speech-to-text software, human dictation,
would allow students to purchase books and recording.
and textbooks. This would help them be
able to read, visualize, and learn any Options for Physical Action- ​Provide
concept their teacher is teaching to alternatives in the requirements for rate,
them. Students would be able to read timing, amplitude, and range of motor
and learn about the relationship action necessary to interact with
between two quantities even with their instructional materials, physical
auditory disabilities. manipulatives, and technologies.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

Options for Recruiting Interest:​ Vary
activities and sources of information so
that they can be personalized and
contextualized to learners’ lives,
culturally relevant and responsive,
appropriate for different racial, cultural,
ethnic, and gender groups.

Options for Expressive Skills and

Fluency:​ Compose in multiple media
such as text, speech, drawing,
illustration, comics, storyboards,
design, film, music, visual art, sculpture,
or video