Ansley Barber and Kaylin Gulledge

Content Area: Algebra II

MGSE9-12.F.IF.7 Graph functions expressed algebraically and show key

features of the graph both by hand and by using technology. (Limit to exponential
and logarithmic functions.)

How can you address the UDL principles for the selected information
above? Determine what tools can be used to support and enhance student
learning BY ALL students.

Engagement:

-Foster collaboration and community,

-develop self-assessment and reflection,

-vary demands and resources to optimize challenge

Representation:

-Alternatives for visual representation

-Offer ways of customizing the display of information, highlight patterns, critical

features, big ideas and relationships

Action & Expression:

-vary the methods for response and navigation,

-optimize access to tools and assistive technologies, build fluencies with

graduated levels of support for practice and performance, use multiple tools for
construction and composition

Mild Intellectual Disability

Low Tech Ideas:

● Graph paper- Useful as another means of representation and expression.

For students with mild intellectual disabilities, using technology and/or
sketching can be difficult. Graph paper can be used for students to aid in
sketching and limiting any technology that they may struggle with. In
relation to the given standard, this will allow students express their
understanding of graphing from characteristics of a function.
● Colored pencils/markers- aids in sensory processing and engagement.
In addition to graph paper, being able to differentiate different elements by
certain colors will help with processing the information.

High Tech Ideas:

● Math Tools - Useful for those who may need another way to
communicate their thoughts or better understand material. For students with mild
disabilities, this tool can reinforce how to find key characteristics of a function and
even help with producing a graph if needed.
● Accessibility features - used to eliminate distractions and/or add useful
tools when needed. These are applications that usually come built into
virtually every device. These features are customizable for each individual
need and accommodation to best benefit the student.

Supportive APPS:

- Text Readers- means of representation for students that benefit from

instructions/documents delivered audibly. Some students with mild
disabilities need instructions written instead of verbal. These tools can also
scaffold the verbiage used in documents to eliminate any diction that may
not be clear to the reader.
- MyScript Calculator- This app is useful for students who may need extra
help in or outside of class. It allows students to build procedural fluency
and get the necessary scaffolding which is an important element for all
students but especially for students with mild disabilities thar cannot move
past a point of confusion.
- Desmos - Useful to see the relationship of equations to their graphs and
tables. Can also be used to help with solving problems in Algebra. For
students with mild disabilities, this can be a great alternative for seeing
graphs outside of sketching or on a handheld graphing calculator.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

 - Multiple Means of Representation: Having different options for the
delivery of content crucial for students who have mild intellectual
disabilities. This can include using diagrams, graphs, and images, as well
as enlarging the font or changing the color. In addition, pre-teaching key
concepts or terms, highlighting how terms can be composed of simpler
terms and previous content, and clarifying unfamiliar syntax or words is
also a great way to make sure students understand the “what” of the
information.
- Multiple Means of Expressions: Having various options to express skills
and fluency, like having software to check grammar and spelling or correct
math mistakes, is a great UDL solution to achieving an inclusive
classroom. Also, scaffolding assignments, giving examples, and providing
a checklist is other great accommodation for students with a mild disability
- Multiple Means of Engagement: Giving students with a mild intellectual
disability the freedom to choose the type of tools, colors, and layouts used
for assignments can be a great way to ensure they are learning the best
way for them. In addition, using prompts, varying degrees of freedom, and
providing different models and feedback systems for assignments can be
a great way to aid these students!

Attention Difficulties

Low Tech Ideas:

- Graph paper, Colored pencils/markers- Useful alternative for students

to express knowledge or take notes to elevate engagement. Students with
attention deficits benefit from color coding information or use the changing
of paper/writing utensil to eliminate distractions.
- Manipulatives (i.e. yarn, Koosh Ball)- Useful alternative for students that
need multiple forms of representation. Additionally, students with attention
disorders can have difficulty sitting still and focusing. The use of
manipulatives can engage students as well as tie into the lesson to
deepen understanding.
- Graphic Organizers- Students with attention disorders benefit from a
graphic organizer to aid in deciding what is important information and how
it connects to the whole unit or math content. It can also be accelerated
 with visuals or colored coded aspects for the reasons mentioned above.

High Tech Ideas:

- Desmos Simulations (Marble Slides)- Allows math content to be

displayed in a more interactive way to help students that get distracted
easily or need visual representations. Any online simulations help with
attention disorders by changing visuals regularly.
- Accessibility in Settings- Useful to limit distraction and promote focus.
These settings are pre-programmed in almost all technology devices. They
can be customized to each users needs and be set for certain time limits
that correlate to class times.

Supportive APPS:

- Khan Academy- This app is useful as multiple means of representation

since students can watch various videos to help master procedural
fluency. Having video recordings to review is a great resource for students
with attention difficulties. They can be watched multiple times to catch any
information that may have been missed. It is also helpful that the content is
delivered through multiple different videos, so students can find which type
of instruction is most engaging for them
- Educreations Whiteboard- Useful means of expression since teacher
and students can interact and share work, questions, or thoughts.
Students can add comments or pose questions using Speech to Text or
uploading pictures.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

- Multiple Means of Presentation: Providing visual diagrams, charts, and

“chunking” information into smaller elements are some great strategies
from the UDL wheel to aid students with attention difficulties. In addition,
giving various opportunities for review and practice is a big aid for students
with attention difficulties.

- Multiple Means of Expressions: Providing alternative times requirements

and materials, offering assignments in different multimedia, and providing
scaffolds are some great ways to keep students with attention difficulties
on task during assignments. In addition, breaking long-term goals into
short-term goals and using checklists for assignments or daily tasks is
another great way to aid these students in staying focused and on task.
 - Multiple Means of Engagement: Providing learners with varying activities
and sources of information, designing tasks that have authentic outcomes,
using prompts that restate goals, providing opportunities for peer tutoring
and support, and displaying data from student behavior are some great
tools to aid students with attention difficulties with their engagement in
class. Immediate feedback that supports the student in seeing their own
progress in class is another great option for self-regulation and
engagement.

Physical Disabilities

Low Tech Ideas:

● Plastic signature guide and writing guide- Useful for students with
limited fine motor skills. Also creates a more inclusive environment for
these students.
● Finger Grip/Ruler- Useful for students with limited fine motor skills and a
means of expression. Makes note taking easier for these students and
perform better overall in the classroom.

High Tech Ideas:

● Speech Recognition- This software helps navigate online and create text.
Useful for students that have limited fine motor skills. Students benefit
from these softwares by being able to use their voice instead of their
hands. Students are then able to complete tasks in a more efficient and
beneficial manner.
● Eye Tracking- Useful for students that are nonverbal or have difficulty
using their fingers/arms. These can be implemented through devices as
supportive applications. The use for this software is almost limitless. It can
aid in the completion of assignments by allowing the student to navigate
the technology more easily and without help from another individual, and
so on.

Supportive APPS:

MathPad- Can edit text or math problems for students who have difficulty
writing.
- Math Paper- This app has a range of tools that can be used in solving
 algebra equations. It is a great alternative for students who struggle with
focusing while solving problems with a pencil and paper
- Math Talk: Math talk is a math specific talk-to-text application. Students
can speak out math equations/formulas and the software will insert the text
for them. Traditional speech-to-text software is not always able to do this
because of the specified terminology used in mathematics.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

- Multiple Means of Presentation: Varying the display of information (like

text size or color, volume, and timing of a video, etc.), activating prior
knowledge, clarifying unfamiliar syntax, and emphasizing key elements are
some great ways to provide multiple options for presentation.

- Multiple Means of Expressions: Providing alternate time requirements

on assignments, as well as alternatives for physically interacting with
materials and switch options (like alternative keyboards and custom
overlays for touch screens) are huge for students with physical disabilities.
Using web-based applications, computer-aided design, and guides for
tasks are great ways to provide alternatives for expression.

- Multiple Means of Engagement: Providing learners with multiple choices

in the level of challenge, type of tools, and layouts is a great
accommodation for students with physical disabilities. Additionally,
designing activities with authentic results and having a varying degree of
freedom for acceptable performance aid in confidence in the classroom for
students with physical disabilities.

English as a Second Language

Low Tech Ideas:

- Instructions/Word bank of vocabulary in native language: ELL/ESOL

students benefit from seeing terms in their native language. They will be
able to make deeper connections with the content and not allow language
barriers to hinder learning. This simple differentiation tool can propel
ELL/ESOL students’ academic fluency and knowledge.
- Graphic Organizers/visual aids: Graphic organizers and visuals to
represent content are a key tool to use for ELL/ESOL students. These
 students rely on visual clues and benefit from the aid of deciphering
information from verbal or written communication.

High Tech Ideas:

- Dictionary Pen: A dictionary pen gives the definition of a word when you
write it. ESOL students can use this as they are taking notes to ensure
they understand what they are writing and learning.
- Word Prediction/Auto-Correct: An example of a high-tech option could
be word prediction software. Students who are learning English might not
know how to spell certain words or might be assistance completing the
sentence. Word predictor software could help ESOL students who type
their assignments.

Supportive APPS:

- Google Translate: A text-to-Speech software that converts text into

spoken word. This type of software can aid ESOL students, especially in
math class since vocabulary is often handed out in text format. Text-to-
Speech can help ESOL students learn the pronunciation of words.
- Khan Academy: If students are not fully fluent in English, Khan Academy
can give students assignments in different languages or give closed
captions in videos.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

●Multiple Means of Representation: Pre-teach vocabulary and symbols,

especially in ways that promote connection to the learner's experience and prior
knowledge.

●Multiple Means of Expression: Emphasize process, effort, and improvement

in meeting standards as alternatives to external evaluation, performance goals,
and competition.

●Multiple Means of Engagement: Use sentence starters, sentence strips, story

webs, outlining tools, concept mapping tools, Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) &
music notation (writing) software.

Sensory Impairment
 Auditory
Low Tech Ideas:
1. Graphic organizers: Graphic
organizers are visual
representations and organizers
for content. Students who have
auditory impairments may
benefit from visual cues rather
than auditory cues. Graphic
organizers can help students
with auditory impairment to
visualize the content being
taught.
2. Manipulatives: Manipulatives
are physical items that can help
students understand more
abstract algebraic content.
Students who have auditory
impairments might enjoy
manipulatives so they can
visualize the content being
presented physically. These
can also help the teacher point
out key areas of importance
physically rather than saying it
out loud. These tools are
especially helpful for volume
modules since volume can be a
hard concept to grasp.
3. Graph Paper: Students who
have auditory impairments may
benefit from the use of low-
tech AT-like graph paper in the
classroom. Graph paper is
horizontally and vertically lined
paper that is relatively
accessible to most students.
Visual
Low Tech Ideas:
1. Raised Lined Paper: Raised
lined paper is paper that has
lines just like normal lined paper,
but has the lines raised, so you
can feel the difference between
the lines and the blank space.
Students who have visual
impairments may benefit from
being able to feel their paper.
This can help them turn in their
work or complete class notes.
2. Tactile Rulers: Tactile rulers are
rulers with raised markers. This
allows the user to measure
something by touch alone.
Students who have visual
impairments could benefit from
having a tactile ruler because
they could measure something
with touch rather than sight. This
is also particularly beneficial
when it comes to volume since
measurements are so important.
3. Light Pen: A light pen is a pen
with a built-in light. It works
similarly to a flashlight, where you
can turn the light on and off. This
can be useful for students who
have a visual impairment if they
need extra light to support their
reading.
High Tech Ideas:
1. Loc Dots - Plastic dots raised on
 Graph paper can help students
who may not be understanding
what the teacher is saying by
giving visual modes of
representation.
High Tech Ideas:
1. Alerting Device: An alerting
device provides an alert to
Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing
(HOH)people for things like fire
alarm, carbon monoxide, or
other serious
situations. Although most
schools have visual fire alarms,
it is a good idea for a student
with auditory impairment to be
aware of other situations where
a visual alarm could be helpful.
Since these alarms are visual,
they can easily be had in class
without sounding off distracting
noises. They usually combine
lights and vibrations to notify
the user of an alarm
2. Personal Listening
Device(PLD): PLDs are
devices that help the student
hear the teacher’s voice better.
A microphone picks up the
teacher’s instruction and plays
it in a headphone in the
student’s ear. This can be
helpful for any subject, but
especially for a content-heavy
subject like math. PLDs can be
used for multiple types of
keys to allow students to identify
letters on the keyboard.
2. Big Keys - A keyboard with large
letters so students can see better.
Is also in abc order for those with
motor and cognitive difficulties.
3. Optical Character Recognition
(OCR) Systems: OCR systems
can scan a text and synthetically
read the text aloud. Students who
are visually impaired could benefit
from this technology in multiple
ways. Primarily, they could use it
for understanding
homework/assignments on their
own. However, like other high-
tech ATs, OCR systems are very
pricey and inaccessible.
Supportive APPS:
1. 1.Speech-to-Text Software:
Speech-to-Text software offers
users have the option to speak
words and then have those words
typed out. Students who are
visually impaired could use this
technology in their classes and at
home. Students could speak their
answers to homework or write
essays without even picking up a
pen. Their words would be typed
out in a document that could be
submitted easily to the teacher.
One issues that could arise with
programs like this are
mathematical symbols and
content complexities.
 impairments or disabilities if
they can be accessed.
Supportive APPS:
1. Read to Text - This app takes
what is being said in videos or
a lecture from a teacher and
turns it into text in a document.
2. ASL Translator - Helps for
students with auditory
impairments to communicate
with teachers and students.
3. Closed Captions: Closed
captioning software can be
beneficial to students with
many different types of auditory
impairment. Closed Captions
are captions that include
actions for videos, music, or
other forms of online content.
Students who have auditory
impairments may not be able to
hear a sound or may get
overwhelmed with too much
sound. These students can
benefit from having closed
captions instead of audio cues.
UDL Strategy (Wheel):
● Multiple Means of
Representation: Highlight patterns,
critical features, big ideas, and
relationships.
● Multiple Means of Expression:
Vary activities and sources of
information so that they can be
2. Text Readers: Text readers are
very similar to the OCR systems.
However, it is less complex and
easier to access. Through text
readers, you can listen to any
written text audibly. Students who
have visual impairments can
benefit from this in a variety of
ways.
UDL Strategy (Wheel):
 Multiple Means of
Representation: Use text
equivalents in the form of
captions or automated speech-to-
text (voice recognition) for spoken
language.
 Multiple Means of Expression:
Provide recording devices, aids,
or charts to assist individuals in
learning to collect, chart, and
display data from their own
behavior (including emotional
responses, effect, etc.) to
monitor changes in those
behaviors
 Multiple Means of Engagement:
Provide alternatives in the
requirements for rate, timing,
amplitude, and range of motor
action necessary to interact with
instructional materials, physical
manipulatives and technology.
personalized and contextualized to
learners’ lives, culturally relevant and
responsive, and appropriate for
different racial, cultural, ethnic, and
gender groups.

● Multiple Means of Engagement:

Provide learners with spell checkers,
grammar checkers, word prediction
software, speech-to-text software,
human dictation, and recording.