Content Area:

MGSE9-12.G.GMD.3 Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and

spheres to solve problems.

How can you address the UDL principles for the selected information
above? Determine what tools can be used to support and enhance student
learning BY ALL students.

Mild Intellectual Disability

Low Tech Ideas:

1. Graphic Organizers: For students with mild intellectual disabilities, taking

or looking at notes can be a struggle. Providing students with graphic
organizers can allow the students to see the flow of the information better
as well as keep up with note taking. Graphic organizers can also aid in
keeping information together and organized in the correct ways. In relation
to the above standard, a graphic organizer would be a great way to
organize the formulas and the parts of the formula organized with the
correct shape.
2. Manipulatives: Manipulative can benefit all students in different ways! For
students with mild intellectual disabilities, manipulatives can help them
better process the information that is given during a task. It can also help
them visualize what we are talking about instead of seeing a drawing on a
screen. In terms of the standard, having actual cones, cylinders and other
shapes will allow these students to see each part of the formula in their
hands.
3. Adapted Work Sheets: Adaptive works sheet can be anything from
having a larger or different font, as well as adding more explanation in
some places. For students with mild intellectual disabilities, having some
more structure to the worksheet would allow them to better process the
information. Fill in the blanks or step-by-step instructions can be great
ways to adapt a worksheet for these types of students. For this standard,
having a step by step set up for the formulas would be a great way to
adapt a worksheet for students.
High Tech Ideas:

1. Electronic Math Work Sheets: Electronic math worksheets can be

created using Ipads or other tablets. They can include resource videos,
step-by-step instructions, and feedback for the students. For students with
mild intellectual disabilities, this can be very useful in keeping them
engaged as well as allowing them to move at their own pace. As much
additional information can easily be added to this worksheet to match their
needs. These sheets can also include software to have the question and
numbers be read aloud.
2. Math Tools: There is a math tool that can allow the students to read out
the equation they want to be solved and have it read the response back to
them. This can help the students to practice setting up the problem in the
formula. They may use other math tools to check their computations as
well for additional aid!
3. Tablet: A tablet is a great tool to have for all students, but also for those
with intellectual disabilities. These can contain apps that aid in
communication, help them find extra support on topics, and also create an
engaging learning experience. In addition, tablets give the ability for
alternative assignments and worksheets for students who might need
them. For a volume task, these tablets could be used to complete an
electronic math sheet, or use an app that allows the students to virtually
manipulate a cylinder.

Supportive APPS:

1. Visual Manipulatives: There are many apps available online or for

smartphones that allow for manipulatives to be used online. These
websites can allow for deeper exploration into the type of content being
worked with. For example, using an online manipulative sight can allow
students to visualize the shapes the cross sections of 3D objects have,
which is useful when it comes to explaining the “why” behind the volume
formula. For students with mild intellectual disabilities, the technology can
easily be adapted to match the pace and level of explanation they might
need with the content.
2. Video Recordings: Video recordings are great supportive apps. They can
be posted to many different places for students to review materials
covered or look ahead at what might come next. Students with mild
intellectual disabilities can rewatch what was covered in class and take
their time to make sense of what they might have continued questions
about. In addition, you can use video recordings to create a step by step
instructions on tasks and materials for them to follow. This would be useful
for using manipulatives to find different volumes.
3. Text Readers: Text readers are available in much different software and
allow students to have the text read to them. There is even specific math
 software that will read the question to you along with the correct math
vocabulary for an equation. These are great for students with mild
intellectual disabilities as they can make sure they are reading and
understanding the question correctly. For volume, having a text reader for
word problems would be great.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

- Multiple Means of Representation: Having different options for the

presentation of materials is key for students who have mild intellectual
disabilities. This can include using diagrams, graphs, and images, as well
as enlarging the font or changing the color. In addition, pre-teaching key
concepts or terms, highlighting how terms can be composed of simpler
terms and previous content, and clarifying unfamiliar syntax or words is
also a great way to make sure students understand the “what” of the
information.
- Multiple Means of Expressions: Providing alternatives for time physically
responding to tasks is a great way to give different accommodations for
students with mild intellectual disabilities. In addition, having options for
expressive skills and fluency, like letting learning have different software to
check grammar and spelling, is a great UDL solution to achieving an
inclusive classroom. Lastly, scaffolding assignments, giving examples, and
providing a checklist is other great accommodation for students with mild
disability.
- Multiple Means of Engagement: Giving students with a mild intellectual
disability the ability to choose the type of tools, colors, and layouts used for
assignments can be a great way to make sure they are learning the best
way for them. In addition, using prompts, varying degrees of freedom, and
providing different models and feedback systems for frustrations with
assignments can be a great way to aid these students!

Attention Difficulties
Low Tech Ideas:

1. Sensory Input Items: For students who have attention disorders, sitting
still can be a challenge. Many students in the classroom would also benefit
from them. Having a small sensory input item (or fidget) can help them
stay more focused during lessons. These fidgets can also be based on
whenever a lesson is being taught. For example, giving the students a
squishy cylinder can be a great way to combine the two.
2. Color High Lighters: Color high lighters (or other colored stationary) can
help keep students with attention disorders engaged while they are
completing a task or taking notes. The students can color code each topic,
 or color code their answers to a task! This can be beneficial to all students,
especially on a task related to the above standard. Writing each formula in
a different color is a great use of this AT.
3. Graphic Organizers: Students with attention disorders will greatly benefit
from a graphic organizer. During note-taking, graphic organizers can
streamline the information needed and help keep the students focused. A
graphic organizer could provide these students with images that match the
notes being taken to increase their ability to engage with the notes. It could
be combined with color highlighters to be more effective.

High Tech Ideas:

1. Math Simulations: Math simulations can be a high-tech addition to a

classroom to help keep students with an annexation disorder engaged in
math. This simulation can be anything from interactive word problems to
games like Times Attack which is a game where students practice their
timetables. The different images and game-like feel can keep students
extremely engaged! An interactive word problem would be perfect for a
volume lesson.
2. Smart Board: Smart boards have lots of abilities that can be used to keep
students engaged in learning. For instance, having students work
problems out on the smart board is a great way to keep them engaged. In
addition, videos and other learning aids can be projected onto them to the
whole class as an aid. Timers can also be put on the board to help keep
students engaged for a certain amount of time. In regards to the volume
lesson, having students complete problems on the board is a great option.
3. Flexible Seating: Flexible seating is a great way to help students stay
engaged during a lesson. Being in uncomfortable seating can make
staying focused very difficult for a student who has an attention disability.
These can be yoga ball chairs, rolling chairs, cushioned seats, sitting or
standing desks, and more. There are some great flexible seating
options/ATs to aid all students and keep them comfortable in the
classroom.

Supportive APPS:

1. Video Recordings: Video recordings are available to be made in many

different types of media! They can be made with an iPhone, a computer, a
camera, and others. Having video recordings of the lectures is a great way
for students with attention difficulties to be able to review material and
learn bits of information they might have not gotten. In addition, these
videos can be made to be engaging for the students in order to keep them
engaged in the material. Lastly, video recordings can be utilized as the
students could record themselves explaining their process for an equation
instead of writing it on paper! An easy way for them to still be thinking of
math but be more engaged than working silently on a works sheet.
 2. Speech to Text: Speech to text is another great software that can really
help keep students with attention difficulties engaged. If they have to
answer a question, having to speak exactly what they need in order to get
it to type is a great way for them to stay focused. In addition, speaking out
about information is a great way for all students to learn and study what is
needed. For a lesson on volume, a student could use speech-to-text to
write out their equations in a document.
3. Audio Recordings: Audio recordings are available in much different
software and are extremely useful supportive apps. Students with attention
difficulties, can record what they want to say about a problem or record
themselves speaking the vocabulary for a specific unit! For a unit on
volume, a student could audio record themselves reciting the formulas and
what each part of the formula represented. In addition, the teacher can
create audio recordings of the lectures or small podcasts of important
information for the students to use to stay engaged and listen to at a
speed that works for them!

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

- Multiple Means of Presentation: Providing visual diagrams, and charts,

highlighting how equations are composted of simpler ones, and “chunking”
information into smaller elements are some great strategies from the UDL
wheel to aid students with attention difficulties. In addition, giving
opportunities for spaced review and practice is a big aid for students with
attention difficulties, as you can move at their pace!
- Multiple Means of Expressions: Providing alternative times
requirements, alternate materials, composing assignments in different
multimedia, and providing scaffolds are some great ways to keep students
with attention difficulties on task during assignments! In addition, breaking
long-term goals into short-term goals and using checklists for assignments
or daily tasks is another great way to aid these students in staying focused
and on task!
- Multiple Means of Engagement: Providing learners with varying activities
and sources of information, designing tasks that have authentic outcomes,
using prompts that restate goals, providing opportunities for peer tutoring
and support, and displaying data from student behavior are some great
tools to aid students with attention difficulties with their engagement in
class. In addition, lots of feedback that supports the student in seeing their
own progress in class is another great option for self-regulation and
engagement.

Physical Disabilities
Low Tech Ideas: Plastic signature guide and writing guide
 1. Binder Clips: Binder clips are great to aid students who have physical
disabilities. With a binder clip, you can make turning pages in a textbook or
notebook much easier. This could be used to separate pages of a
notebook or textbook. In addition, they could be used to separate the
different pages of a note packet on volume for students.
2. Pencil Grips/Adapted Pencils: Pencil grips or adaptive pencils could aid
some students with disabilities and make it easier for them to take notes.
This could be through a thicker pencil, a pencil with a grip, and other ways.
An adaptive pencil will allow students with certain disabilities to perform in
the classroom!
3. Adapted Ruler: An adapted ruler can make the classroom a more
inclusive space for students with disabilities. These rulers can be larger,
have larger prints, be thicker, and have other types of adaptations. These
adaptations can make reading and holding a ruler easier for some
students. This would be very useful when measuring real-world objects to
find their volume.

High Tech Ideas:

1. Sip-and-Puff Systems: Sip-and-puff systems are a high-tech assistive

technology for students with physical disabilities. These students might be
partially or fully paralyzed in the hands/arms. In these cases, the students
can use a sip-and-puff system that allows them to use their breath to
control a wheelchair and other types of technology! This type of
technology can be used to turn on and off computers/laptops, turn on and
off phones, and even launch some applications on a device. Having this
type of high-tech ATs will allow for all students to be accommodated in the
classroom no matter the lesson! Being able to switch on an iPad to take
notes or complete a task is a huge accommodation!
2. Standing/Sitting Desk: A standing or sitting desk can be very useful for
students with back problems. Being able to stand and still have a surface
to write on is huge! These desks can easily be lowered or raised via a
button or remote for ease of student use. During a lecture on volume, or
when completing a math task, being able to have a surface to write on
comfortably is crucial! This allows students with physical disabilities to
comfortably complete assignments in class!
3. Computer/Electronic Tablet: Tablets and computers have many different
supportive applications that can be added depending on what type of need
a student has! For a student with a physical disability, being able to use
talk-to-text or text readers can be extremely useful. In addition, these
devices allow students to carry all of their necessary materials in one place
instead of needing a backpack with a bunch of textbooks or materials in it.
A tablet can be used during a lesson on volume to talk digital notes, or to
use a talk-to-text application to complete an assignment.
Supportive APPS:

1. Bluetooth Connection: Bluetooth connection is a huge supportive

application. From being able to Bluetooth a computer to headphones so
you can hear a pre-recorded video, to connect a wheelchair to your
smartphone so you can diagnose any problems, it is huge in the realm of
assistive technology. This supportive app can be used in many different
aspects of a classroom.
2. Zoom: Zoom is a great supportive app for all students, but also students
with physical disabilities. If a student needs to go to the doctor or is staying
at home for an extended period of time due to their disability, the teacher
can easily check in with the student, tutor the student, or have the student
still present in class virtually through the use of zoom! It is an easy
application to download to any smart device and can bring lots of aid to
students!
3. Math Talk: Math talk is a math-specific talk-to-text software. In this
application, students can speak out math equations and formulas to the
software and it will type the exact equation for them! This can be difficult in
traditional talk-to-text software as some math vocabulary is not
recognized. This would be extremely useful for students during a lesson
on volume as speaking the formulas and steps to solve is a great
accommodation for completing a task!

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

- Multiple Means of Presentation: Varying the display of information (like

text size or color, volume, and timing of a video, etc.), activating prior
knowledge, clarifying unfamiliar syntax, and emphasizing key elements are
some great ways to provide multiple options for presentation. In addition,
Using cues and prompts, as well as checklists and reminders can be great
for students with disabilities.
- Multiple Means of Expressions: Providing alternatives for timing
requirements on assignments, as well as alternatives for physically
interacting with materials and switch options (like alternative keyboards
and custom overlays for touch screens) are huge for students with
physical disabilities. Using web-based applications, computer-aided
design, and guides for tasks are great ways to provide alternatives for
expression.
- Multiple Means of Engagement: Providing learners with multiple choices
in the level of challenge, type of tools, and layouts is a great
accommodation for students with physical disabilities. In addition,
designing activities with authentic results can aid students in confidence
with their personal outcomes, especially when different means of
expression are used. Having a varying degree of freedom for acceptable
performance, as well as emphasizing the process and effort will also aid in
 confidence in the classroom for students with physical disabilities. Lastly,
designing activities that get lots of feedback (from both the student and
teacher), and also have differentiated models for managing frustration and
emotions with assignments are great tools for students!

English as a Second Language

Low Tech Ideas:

1. Manipulatives: ESOL students can benefit from having manipulatives in

their mathematics classes. Manipulatives are physical items that students
can play with, organize, and shape to help understand the mathematical
conversations happening in the classroom. All students can benefit from
manipulatives. However, ESOL students can especially benefit since they
can convey their ideas through objects rather than words.
2. Reading Helper: A reading helper would be an amazing resource for
ESOL students. A reading helper could help the student focus on the
problem at hand. It would narrow down the words to what the student
needs to know to solve the problem. Students would only have to
understand the words being highlighted, rather than the whole page, at
one time.
3. Graphic Organizers: This would be a good visual aid for ESOL students.
A graphic organizer is a visual representation or organization of the
content presented in class. Students who are learning a new language
often rely on visual cues for support. Graphic organizers can help the
students to visualize the class content.

High Tech Ideas:

1. Dictionary Pen: This would be helpful for ESOL students. A dictionary

pen is a pen that gives you the definition of a word when you write it. This
would be helpful for ESOL students, especially in mathematics classes
where there are lots of new words. Students could use this technology to
gain support even when the teacher is not working with them individually.
2. Voice Recognition: ESOL students can benefit from a voice recognition
program. Voice recognition programs can translate spoken language to
written language. Often, ESOL students can speak social English but have
a hard time writing it down. A voice recognition program can help students
put their thoughts into words.
3. Word Predictors: An example of a high-tech option could be word
prediction software. Students who are learning English might not know
how to spell certain words, or might be assistance completing the
sentence. Word predictor software could help ESOL students who type
their assignments.
Supportive APPS:

1. Text-to-Speech Software: Text-to-Speech software is software that

converts text into spoken word. This type of software can aid ESOL
students. Especially in math class, vocabulary is often handed out in text
format. Text-to-Speech can help ESOL students learn the pronunciation of
words.
2. Virtual Manipulatives: Virtual manipulatives could help many types of
students, including ESOL students. Virtual manipulatives are online
versions of physical manipulatives. They can be toyed with to help
understand the subject. ESOL students would benefit from these visuals if
they are unable to understand the teacher's instructions before the
manipulatives.
3. Audio recordings: ESOL students can benefit from audio recordings of
their classes. Audio recording apps can record hours of content for easy
playback. Students who are learning content in a language different from
their first language may be confused when hearing content for the first
time. Audio recordings can help the student listen to the content again and
revisit any confusing sections.

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

● Multiple Means of Representation: Pre-teach vocabulary and symbols,

especially in ways that promote connection to the learner's experience and
prior knowledge.
● Multiple Means of Expression: Emphasize process, effort, and
improvement in meeting standards as alternatives to external evaluation,
performance goals, and competition.
● Multiple Means of Engagement: Use sentence starters, sentence strips,
story webs, outlining tools, concept mapping tools, Computer-Aided-
Design (CAD) & music notation (writing) software.

Sensory Impairment
Auditory Visual

Low Tech Ideas: Low Tech Ideas:

1. Graphic organizers: Graphic 1. Raised Lined Paper: Raised

organizers are visual lined paper is paper that has lines
representations and just like normal lined paper, but
organizations for content. has the lines raised, so you can
Students who have auditory feel the difference between the
 impairments may benefit from
visual cues rather than auditory
cues. Graphic organizers can
help students with auditory
impairment to visualize the
content being taught.
2. Manipulatives: Manipulatives
are physical items that can help
students understand more
abstract algebraic content.
Students who have auditory
impairments might enjoy
manipulatives so they can
visualize the content being
presented physically. These
can also help the teacher point
out key areas of importance
physically rather than saying it
out loud. These tools are
especially helpful for volume
modules since volume can be a
hard concept to grasp.
3. Graph Paper: Students who
have auditory impairments may
benefit from the use of low-tech
AT-like graph paper in the
classroom. Graph paper is
horizontally and vertically lined
paper that is relatively
accessible to most students.
Graph paper can help students
who may not be understanding
what the teacher is saying by
giving visual modes of
representation.
High Tech Ideas:
1. Alerting Device: An alerting
device provides an alert to Deaf
or Hard-of-Hearing (HOH)
people for things like fire
alarms, carbon monoxide, or
other serious situations.
Although most schools have
lines and the blank space.
Students who have visual
impairments may benefit from
being able to feel their paper.
This can help them turn in their
work or complete class notes.
2. Tactile Rulers: Tactile rulers are
rulers with raised markers. This
allows the user to measure
something by touch alone.
Students who have visual
impairments could benefit from
having a tactile ruler because
they could measure something
with touch rather than sight. This
is also particularly beneficial
when it comes to volume since
measurements are so important.
3. Light Pen: A light pen is a pen
with a built-in light. It works
similarly to a flashlight, where you
can turn the light on and off. This
can be useful for students who
have a visual impairment if they
need extra light to support their
reading.
High Tech Ideas:
1. Audio Book Recordings:
Audiobook recordings are pre-
recorded audio of written books.
Many books are available online
through resources like Audible.
Students who have visual
impairments may not be able to
read at all or for prolonged
amounts of time. Audio book
recordings of textbooks can aid
these students.
2. Optical Character Recognition
(OCR) Systems: OCR systems
are able to scan a text and
synthetically read the text aloud.

visual fire alarms, it is a good
idea for a student with auditory
impairment to be aware of other
situations where a visual alarm
could be helpful. Since these
alarms are visual, they can
easily be had in class without
sounding off distracting noises.
They usually combine lights
and vibrations to notify the user
of an alarm.
2. Personal Listening Device
(PLD): PLDs are devices that
help the student hear the
teacher’s voice better. A
microphone picks up the
teacher’s instruction and plays
it in a headphone in the
student's ear. This can be so
helpful for any subject, but
especially for a content-heavy
subject like math. PLDs can be
used for multiple types of
impairments or disabilities if
they can be accessed.
3. Noise-Canceling
Headphones: Noise-canceling
headphones are headphones
that cancel out background
noise. While these might not be
best for students while they are
receiving instruction, they can
be helpful for individual
work/practice. Students with
auditory processing disorder or
students who get overwhelmed
by constant noise feedback can
benefit from these. This would
also be a beneficial product for
students who get
overstimulated by sound.
Supportive APPS:
1. Virtual Manipulatives: Any
Students who are visually
impaired could benefit from this
technology in multiple ways.
Primarily, they could use it for
understanding
homework/assignments on their
own. However, like other high-
tech ATs, OCR systems are very
pricey and inaccessible.
3. Braille: Braille is a highly
complex form of written language.
It consists of raised dots in a
certain orientation to translate into
letters. Students who have
moderate to severe visual
impairment may benefit from
having their assignments or notes
in braille. Unfortunately, braille is
not as easily accessible as other
resources and technologies.
Supportive APPS:
1. Speech-to-Text Software:
Speech-to-Text software offers
users have the option to speak
words and then have those words
typed out. Students who are
visually impaired could use this
technology in their classes and at
home. Students could speak their
answers to homework or write
essays without even picking up a
pen. Their words would be typed
out in a document that could be
submitted easily to the teacher.
One issues that could arise with
programs like this are
mathematical symbols and
content complexities.
2. Text Readers: Text readers are
very similar to the OCR systems.

virtual manipulative is a virtual
version of a physical object that
can be manipulated to help
connect the abstract content to
visuals for students. Students
who have auditory impairments
can benefit from virtual
manipulatives, just like physical
manipulatives. If a student has
an auditory impairment, seeing
a virtual manipulative (whether
on the web or on an app) could
be a helpful connection to the
content. It can be even more
beneficial to let the students
play with these by themselves
to explore the ideas presented
in the content.
2. Closed Captions: Closed
captioning software can be
beneficial to students with
many different types of auditory
impairment. Closed Captions
are captions that include
actions for videos, music, or
other forms of online content.
Students who have auditory
impairments may not be able to
hear a sound or may get
overwhelmed with too much
sound. These students can
benefit from having closed
captions instead of audio cues.
3. Hearoes: Hearoes is an
auditory training app that has a
variety of games for people
adjusting to and learning how to
hear for the first time (people
who undergo cochlear implant
procedures). It combines
sounds and games to track
However, it is less complex and
easier to access. Through text
readers, you can listen to any
written text audibly. Students who
have visual impairments can
benefit from this in a variety of
ways.
3. YouTube: YouTube is a
wonderful resource with many
videos for many different
subjects. They can offer videos
on many content areas, including
math, to hit on key areas that
teachers may only be able to
show visually. Students who are
visually impaired may benefit
from this as an additional
resource in the classroom.
Teachers must be vigilant when it
comes to assigning YouTube
videos to students, because
many videos on the internet are
not school appropriate.
UDL Strategy (Wheel):
● Multiple Means of
Representation: Use text
equivalents in the form of
captions or automated speech-to-
text (voice recognition) for spoken
language.
● Multiple Means of Expression:
Provide recording devices, aids,
or charts to assist individuals in
learning to collect, chart, and
display data from their own
behavior (including emotional
responses, effect, etc.) to monitor
changes in those behaviors
● Multiple Means of Engagement:
Provide alternatives in the
requirements for rate, timing,
amplitude, and range of motor
action necessary to interact with
instructional materials, physical
 progress. Students who are manipulatives and technologies.
learning auditory cues for the
first time can benefit from this
fun app that can be installed on
iOS or Android devices. Best of
all, this app is free to download
currently!

UDL Strategy (Wheel):

● Multiple Means of
Representation: Highlight
patterns, critical features, big
ideas, and relationships.
● Multiple Means of
Expression: Vary activities and
sources of information so that
they can be personalized and
contextualized to learners’
lives, culturally relevant and
responsive, and appropriate for
different racial, cultural, ethnic,
and gender groups.
● Multiple Means of
Engagement: Provide learners
with spell checkers, grammar
checkers, word prediction
software, speech-to-text
software, human dictation, and
recording.