NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY

Integrated Basic Education Department

Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

General Mathematics

Quarter/Term: Midterm Date: 2020.09.07 – 2020.09.11

Week No.: 3 21st Century Skills:
Damean’s Beat: Simplicity  Critical Thinking
NDDU’s 4Cs: ☐ Christian Leaders ☐ Computing/ICT Literacy
 Competent Professionals ☐ Communication
 Community-Oriented Citizens ☐ Creativity
☐ Culture-Sensitive Individuals ☐ Collaboration
Teacher/s: Arvin Eric A. Caga ☐ Cross Cultural Understanding
Ever Joy P. Hinampas ☐ Career and Learning Self
Reliance Rachel Lou P. Paranga

Module No.:3
I. Topic: Rational Function
II. Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can…
COGNITIVE
1. determine the: (a) intercepts (b) zeroes; (c) asymptotes of rational function
2. solve problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities
AFFECTIVE
3. relate asymptotes in real-life situation
PSYCHOMOTOR
4. write solutions of the problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities on
the given answer sheet legibly

III. Introduction/Review/Content:

Definition
• Intercepts are the points at which a graph crosses either the x or y-axis.
• ‘Zeros’ of a Rational Function it is the value that will equate the function
to zero.
• Asymptote is a line that a graph approaches, but does not intersect

2020.09.03 2:47:24 PM
 I. FINDING THE INTERCEPTS AND ASYMPTOTES USING A GIVEN GRAPH

By looking at the graph, we can

simply find the intercepts and
asymptotes.
On the x-axis, the graph crosses at
-4, while on the y-axis, the graph
crosses at -2. Therefore, we could
say that the x-intercept is -4 and
the y-intercept is -2 or the
coordinates (-4,0) and (0,-2)
respectively.

To find the asymptotes using

graph, simply find a vertical and
horizontal line where the graph
could approach but cannot cross
over.
In the given example, the vertical
asymptote is the line 𝑥 = 2, while
the horizontal asymptote is the
line 𝑦 = 1 .

QUestion 1:
Why do Rational Functions has asymptotes?
 Integration

Always getting closer,

Soulmates
Soulmates who
who never
are never but To be together once, then Keep falling in and out of
meant to meet
meant each
to meet each will never be together drift apart forever love, forever out of step
other

Some sad love stories can be related in Mathematics and one of these is the asymptote. If you
know a friend who has this kind of relationship, what can you advice to that person? Write your
answer on the given answer sheet.

II. FINDING THE INTERCEPTS AND ASYMPTOTES USING A GIVEN FUNCTION

Finding the intercepts and asymptotes using a given graph requires your analytical skill in graphing.
But finding it using a given function is a different story. It requires your skills in algebra.

A. x-intercept

How to find the x- intercept or zeros of the

function Step 1: Substitute 𝒇(𝒙) to zero
Step 2: Find the value of x

Examples
Find the x-intercepts of the given functions

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5
𝑥+3
𝑥−5
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 0= (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜)
𝑥+3
𝑥−5
(𝑥 + 3)(0) = ( ) (𝑥 + 3) (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦
𝑥+3
𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
0=𝑥 −5 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
0+5=𝑥−5 +5 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑃𝐸)
5=𝑥

Therefore, the x-intercept is at 𝑥 = 5 or at the coordinates (5,0).

 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒
(
2. 𝒇 𝒙)
= 𝟒𝒙
𝑥2 − 9𝑥 + 14
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 0= (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1)
4𝑥
𝑥2 − 9𝑥 + 14
(4𝑥)(0) = ( )(4𝑥) (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
2 4𝑥
0 = 𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 14 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
0 = (𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 2) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑)

𝑥 − 7 = 0, 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥 = 7, 𝑥 =2

Therefore, the x-intercepts are at 𝑥 = 7 and 2 or at the coordinates (7,0) and (2,0) respectively.

B. y- intercept

How to find the y- intercept

Step 1: Substitute 𝒙 to zero
Step 2: Find the value of 𝒇(𝒙)𝒐𝒓 𝒚

Examples
Find the y-intercepts of the given functions

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5
𝑥+3
0−5
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑓(0) = (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜)
0+3
−5
𝑓(0) = (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑜𝑟 𝑦)
3
−5
𝑦= (𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑓(0) 𝑡𝑜 𝑦)
3 5 5
Therefore, the y-intercept is at 𝑦 = − or at the coordinates (0, ).
3 3
−

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒
𝟐. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟒𝒙
02 − 9(0) + 14
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑓(0) = (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1)
4(0)
1
4 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
𝑓(0) =
0
𝑓(0) 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
Therefore, the function has no y-intercept.
 C. Vertical Asymptote

How to find the Vertical Asymptote

Step 1: Take only the denominator and equate it to zero
Step 2: Find the value of x

Examples
Find the Vertical Asymptotes of the given functions

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5
𝑥+3
𝑥−5
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑓 (𝑥 )
= 𝑥+3
𝑥+3 =0 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜)
𝑥+3−3=0 −3 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 3 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
𝑥 = −3
Therefore, the Vertical asymptote is the line 𝑥 = −3.

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒
𝟐. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟒𝒙
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝟒𝒙
4𝑥 = 0 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜)
1 1 1
( ) (4𝑥) = 0 ) (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔
(4 4 4
𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
𝑥= 0
Therefore, the Vertical asymptote is the line 𝑥 = 0.

D. Horizontal Asymptote

How to find the Horizontal Asymptote

Theorem: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be
n n1
a x  an1x ... a1 x  0a
f (x)  n , an  an bk  0
where k k1 0 d
b x  b x ... b x  b
k k1 1 0

If 𝑛 < 𝑘 then the line 𝒚 = 𝟎 is the horizontal asymptote.

If 𝑛 = 𝑘, then line 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒏/𝒃𝒌 , the ratio of leading coefficients, is the horizontal asymptote.
If 𝑛 > 𝑘, then the graph of the function has no horizontal asymptote.
 Examples
3𝑥 − 2 𝑦=0
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 1, 𝑘 = 4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 < 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 .
22𝑥 + 10
− 4𝑥 −4
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 1, 𝑘 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 .
𝑦 == −4 1
12 − 4𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 1, 𝑘 = 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 < 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑦 = 0.
𝑥5𝑥− −
52 1
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 1, 𝑘 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑦 = = 1.
𝑥𝑥2+−39𝑥 + 14 1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 2, 𝑘 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 > 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒.
5𝑥4 +4𝑥
12
6 𝑓( 𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 1, 𝑘 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒.
4𝑥3

Examples
Find what is asked.
5 𝑥+12
1. Given the rational function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = , find the following:
4−𝑥
a) Vertical and Horizontal asymptotes, (b) x and y-intercepts,

Solution:
(a) Vertical Asymptote:
5𝑥 + 12
𝑓( 𝑥 ) =
4−𝑥
4−𝑥 =0 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜)
4−𝑥+𝑥 =0+𝑥 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜
𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
4=𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)

Horizontal Asymptote:
5𝑥 + 12 5
𝑓( 𝑥 ) =
4 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 1, 𝑘 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑦 == −5
−1
Therefore, the Vertical asymptote is the line 𝑥 = 4 and the Horizontal Asymptote is the line 𝑦 = −5.

(b) x-intercept:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 + 12
4−𝑥
0= 5𝑥 + 12
(𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1)
4−𝑥
5𝑥 + 12
(4 − 𝑥)(0) = ( )(4 − 𝑥) (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
0 = 5𝑥4+−12𝑥 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
0 − 12 = 5𝑥 + 12 − 12 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 12 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
−12 = 5𝑥 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
1 ( ) (−12) = (5𝑥) ( 5

12
−5
=𝑥
1 ) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 1/5 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
5
(𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)

y-intercept:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 + 12
4−𝑥
𝑓( 0 ) = 5(0) + 12
(𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1)
4 − (0)
𝑓( 0 ) = 12
(𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
4
𝑦=3 (𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑡𝑜 𝑦)
12 12
Therefore, the x- intercept is at 𝑥 = − or at point (− , 0) and the y-intercept is at 𝑦 = 3 or at the
5 5
coordinates (0,3).

𝑥 +12𝑥+36
2. Given the rational function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 , find the following:
5−3𝑥
a) Vertical and Horizontal asymptotes, (b) x and y-intercepts,

Solution:
(a)Vertical Asymptote:
𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 36
𝑓( 𝑥 ) =
5 − 3𝑥
5 − 3𝑥 = 0 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜)
5 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 0 + 3𝑥 (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜
𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
5 = 3𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
1 1 1
( ) 5 = 3𝑥 ) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
(3 3 3
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)
5 (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
=
𝑥
Horizontal Asymptote:
3 𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 36
(
𝑓 𝑥 =)
5 − 3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛 = 2, 𝑘 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝐻𝐴

5
Therefore, the Vertical asymptote is the line 𝑥 =
3 while there is no Horizontal Asymptote.
 (b) x-intercept:
𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
5 − 3𝑥
𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 36
0= (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1)
5 − 3𝑥
𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 36
(5 − 3𝑥)(0) = ) (5 − 3𝑥) (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
( 5 − 3𝑥
0 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
0 = (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 6) (𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 36 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚)
0 = (𝑥 + 6)2 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
√0 = √(𝑥 + 6)2 (𝐺𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠)
0=𝑥 +6 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
0−6=𝑥+6 −6 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸)
−6 = 𝑥 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)

y-
intercept:
𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 36
𝑓 (𝑥 ) 5 − 3𝑥
= (0)2 + 12(0) + 36
(𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1)
5 − 3(0)
𝑓(0) =
36
𝑓(0) = (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
5
36
(𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑡𝑜 𝑦)
𝑦 =
5 is at 𝑥 = −6 or at point (−6,0) while the y-intercept is at 𝑦 = 36 or at the
Therefore, the x- intercept
5
36
coordinates (0, ).
5

III. SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS, EQUATIONS, AND

INEQUALITIES

Examples
Find the value of x of the given rational equation and the solution set for rational inequality

5 5𝑥+12
1. 4= 4−𝑥

𝟓5𝑥 + 12
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: = 4−𝑥
𝟒5 5𝑥 + 12
(4)(4 − 𝑥 ) ) = ( ) (4 − 𝑥)(4) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝐶𝐷)
( 4 4−
𝑥
(4 − 𝑥)(5) = (5𝑥 + 12)(4) (𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
20 − 5𝑥 = 20𝑥 + 48 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
20 − 48 − 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 20𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 48 − 48 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 5𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 48 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
−28 = 25𝑥 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
1 1
( ) (−28) = (25𝑥) ( ) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 1/25 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
25 25
28 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
− 25
=𝑥

6𝑥+3
2. 2𝑥−1 > 5

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
(2𝑥 − 1) 6𝑥 + 3) > (5)(2𝑥 − 1) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝐶𝐷)
( 2𝑥 − 1
6𝑥 + 3 > 10𝑥 − 5 (𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
6𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 3 > 10𝑥 − 10𝑥 − 5 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 10𝑥 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
−4𝑥 + 3 > −5 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
−4𝑥 + 3 − 3 > −5 − 3 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 3 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
−4𝑥 > −8 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
1 1 1
( ) (−4𝑥) < (−8) ( ) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒
−4 −4 −4
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟)
𝑥<2 (𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)

The solution 𝑥 < 2 is not final since there are values that would make the original inequality
undefined. Those values are included in our critical values. To find it, equate all denominators to
zero then solve for x. Since the only denominator is 2𝑥 − 1, then

2𝑥 − 1 = 0
2𝑥 − 1 + 1 = 0 + 1 (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 1 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
2𝑥 = 1 (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
1 1 1
( ) (2𝑥) = 1 ) (𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝐸 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡. )
(2 2 2
1
(𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦)
𝑥=2
1
Now, we have 2 and ½ as our critical values. [The critical value 𝑥 = is not part of the solution]
2
1 1
Therefore, the number line will be divided into 3 intervals: to the left of ½ which (−∞, ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < ,
2 2
is 1 1
between ½ and 2 which is ( , 2) 𝑜𝑟 < 𝑥 < 2, and to the right of 2 which is (𝟐, +∞) 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 > 𝟐.
2 2
Choose any convenient test points on each interval to see if it is part of the solution. When we
substitute these test points to the original inequality and the logical statement is TRUE, then the
interval is part of the solution set, otherwise it is not.
 1 1
𝑥< <𝑥<2 𝑥 >2
2 2
Interval 1 1
(−∞, ) ( , 2) (𝟐, +∞)
2 2
Test point 𝑥 =0 𝑥 =1 𝑥 =3
6(0)+3 6(1)+3 6(3)+3
6𝑥+3 2(0)−1 >
5 2(1)−1 > 5 2(3)−1 > 5
21
2𝑥−1 > 5 > 5 False
−3 > 5 False 9 > 5 True 5

Summarize the intervals containing the solutions

1
Since the only interval that becomes true is 1 , 2), therefore the solution is the set {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅| < 𝑥 < 2}.
(
2 2

WORD PROBLEMS. This portion requires broad understanding and ideas about mathematics.
Since we are dealing with word problems, it is necessary for a student to know how to transform
words into mathematical statements. Some situations will require students to formulate a new
formula to solve the problem.
Example 1 Suppose one painter can paint the entire house in twelve hours, and the
second painter takes eight hours to paint a similarly-sized house. How long would it take the
two painters together to paint the house?
Step 1. Given: First painter can do a job in 12 hours, so his rate is 𝟏
𝟏𝟐
Second painter can do a job in 8 hours, so his rate is 𝟏
𝟖

Step 2. Required: How long would it take the two painters together to paint the house?
Step 3. Formula: let x be the time when two painter work together to paint the house
Rate Time Work
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
First painter 𝟏𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
Second painter 𝟖 𝒙 𝒙
𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙+ 𝒙=𝟏
𝟏𝟐 𝟖
Step 4. Solution:
𝟏 𝟏
(𝟐𝟒) ( 𝒙 + 𝒙) = (𝟏)(𝟐𝟒) (𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒚 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑳𝑪𝑫 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓)
𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒 (𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑳𝑪𝑫)
𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( ) (𝟓𝒙) = (𝟐𝟒) ( ) (𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒚 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝟓)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟖 (𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚)
Step 5. Conclusion:
Therefore, it would take 4.8 hours for two painters to paint the house.

The distance from Manila to Baguio is around 270 kilometers.

a. How long will it take you to get to Baguio if your average speed is 50 kilometers
per hour?
b. What should be the minimum speed of the vehicle if you only have 3 hours?

Step 1. Given: Distance from Manila to Baguio is 270 kilometers

Step 2. Required: How long will it take you to get to Baguio if your average speed is 50kph?
Step 3. Formula:
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒅
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = or 𝑽 =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕
Step 4. Solution:
𝟐𝟕𝟎
𝟓𝟎 = (𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏)
𝒕
𝟐𝟕𝟎
𝒕(𝟓𝟎) = ( )𝒕 (𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒚 𝑴𝑷𝑬 𝒃𝒚 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕)
𝒕
𝟓𝟎𝒕 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 (𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚)
𝟓𝟎𝒕 𝟐𝟕𝟎
= (𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒚 𝑴𝑷𝑬 𝒃𝒚 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝟓𝟎)
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎
𝒕 = 𝟓. 𝟒 (𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚)

Step 5. Conclusion: Therefore, it will take 5.4 hours to get from Baguio to manila.

(b) What should be the minimum speed of the vehicle if you only have 3 hours?
Step 1. Given: Distance from Manila to Baguio is 270 kilometers
Step 2. Required: What should be the minimum speed of the vehicle if you only have
3 hours?
Step 3. Formula: (since we are finding the minimum speed, the equation becomes
inequality. Minimum implies greater than or equal)

𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒅
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 ≥ or 𝑽 ≥
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕
Step 4. Solution:
𝟐𝟕𝟎
𝑽≥ (𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏)
𝟑
𝑽 ≥ 𝟗𝟎 (𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚)
Step 5. Conclusion: Therefore, the minimum speed should be 90kph.
IV. Check your Understanding:

A. Given the following rational functions,

𝑥+5 𝑥2 − 4
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 −9 2𝑥 + 5
Find:
a. Vertical and Horizontal asymptotes,

b. x and y-intercepts,

2
𝑥 +2𝑥−5
3. Explain why the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is not asymptotic to the line 𝑥 = 3
𝑥−3

B. Solve the following word problems. Perform the step by step process.
4. Alex takes 2 hours to plow a garden. Jean takes 3 hours to do the same job. Working together,
how long will it take for them to finish the same job?

5. Jason has only 30 minutes before he will come late in his work. If the distance from his
house to his office is 25 kilometers, what should be the average minimum speed (kph)
of his car?
V. Enrichment:
𝒙 𝟐− 𝟒𝒙−𝟓
1. Given the rational function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ,
𝟐
𝒙 −𝒙−𝟏𝟐
Find:
a. Vertical and Horizontal asymptotes,

b. x and y-intercepts,
2. Jamie and Paul can paint a room together in 2 hours. If Paul works alone, he can paint the room in 6
hours. If Jamie works alone, how long would it take her to paint the room?
𝑥+3
3. Find the solution set of the given rational inequality 5 <
2 6−2𝑥

VI. References/Materials:

Calculator
Scratch paper

Flores, M., Gagani, R. F., Ypanto, Q., (2016). Worktext in general mathematics. Philippines: C& E Publishing
pp.44-45
Dimasuay, L., Alcala, J., Palacio, J., (2016). General mathematics. Philippines: C & E Publishing pp.18,25-
31
Reyes, A. P., Sulit, R. Jr., (2016). General mathematics. Philippines: jimczyville Publications pp. 27-40, 63-
65

Reddit.com,(2018)Mathlovestories. Retrieved from

https://www.reddit.com/r/comics/comments/9f808t/math_love_stories_oc/.
 NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY
Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

General Mathematics

Student’s Name: _ Date Submitted: _

Grade & Section:

Quarter/Term: Midterm Week No.: 3

Teacher/s:

Question 1: Why do rational function has asymptotes?

Integration: If you know a friend who has this kind of relationship (asymptote), what can you advice to
that person?
IV. Check your Understanding:

A. Given the following rational functions,

𝑥+5 𝑥2 − 4
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2 − 9 2𝑥 + 5
Find:
a. Vertical and Horizontal asymptotes,
b. x and y-intercepts,

𝑥 +2𝑥−5
3. Explain why the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 is not asymptotic to the line 𝑥 = 3
𝑥−3
B. Solve the following word problems. Perform the step by step process.
4. Alex takes 2 hours to plow a garden. Jean takes 3 hours to do the same job. Working together,
how long will it take for them to finish the same job?

5. Jason has only 30 minutes before he will come late in his work. If the distance from his
house to his office is 25 kilometers, what should be the average minimum speed of his
car?
V. Enrichment:
𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙−𝟓
1. Given the rational function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝟐𝟐 ,
𝒙 +𝟓𝒙+𝟔
Find:
a. Vertical and Horizontal asymptotes,
b. x and y-intercepts,

2. Jamie and Paul can paint a room together in 2 hours. If Paul works alone, he can paint the room in 6
hours. If Jamie works alone, how long would it take her to paint the room?
 𝑥+3
3. Find the solution set of the given rational inequality 5 <
2 6−2𝑥

Parent’s / Guardian’s Name & Signature