Revision Questions

Introduction to Quantitative Methods

November, 2018

Topics covered in the Exam

a. Algebra - general
b. Probability – Basics
c. Basic statistics-
d. Estimation both mean and proportion and their sample sizes
e. Logarithms and indices
f. Interest – Both Simple and compound interest and their application
g. Normal distribution
h. Sampling distribution of the mean and proportion
i. Scatter plot, correlation and regression analysis

Question 1a
The owner of a small factory that produces working gloves is concerned about the high cost of
air conditioning in the summer but is afraid that keeping the temperature in the factory too high
will lower productivity. During the summer, he experiments with temperature settings from 68ºF
to 81ºF and measures each day’s productivity. The following table gives the temperature and the
number of pairs of gloves (in hundreds) produced on each of the 8 randomly selected days.

Temp 72 71 78 75 81 77 68 76
Pairs 37 `37 32 36 33 35 39 32
of
gloves

(a) Do the pairs of gloves produced depend on temperature, or does temperature

depend on pairs of gloves produced? Do you expect a positive or a negative
relationship between these two variables?
(b) Taking temperature as an independent variable and pairs of gloves produced as a
dependent variable, compute SSxx, SSyy, and SSxy.
(c) Find the least squares regression line.
(d) Interpret the meaning of the values of a and b calculated in part c.
(e) Plot the scatter diagram and the regression line.
(f) Calculate correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination, and explain
what they mean.
(g) Predict the number of pairs of gloves produced when x =74.
Question 1b
Consider the following set of scores:
Subject X Y
1 6 10
2 7 9
3 7 7
4 8 8
5 8 8
6 8 8
7 8 8
8 9 9
9 9 7
10 10 6

(a) Draw a scatterplot for the two variables and explain your graph
(b) Compute the correlation coefficient r and comment on it
(c) Compute the coefficient of determination and comment on it
(d) Find the least squares regression line
(e) Interpret the meaning of the values of a and b calculated in d
(f) Predict y when x=13
Question 1c
The following data represent the lengths (x) and breadths (y) cuckoos’ eggs measured in
millimeters.
X Y
22.3 16.5
23.6 17.1
24.4 17.3
22.6 17.0
22.3 16.8
22.3 16.4
22.1 17.2
23.3 16.8
22.2 16.7
22.2 16.2
21.8 16.6
23.2 16.4

(a) Draw a scatter diagram for the data

(b) Calculate correlation coefficient
(c) Obtain the least squares regression line of y on x and plot this on the scatter diagram
Question 1d
The marks of eight candidates in English and Mathematics are:
Candidate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
English (x) 50 58 35 86 76 43 40 60
Mathematics 65 72 54 82 32 74 40 53
(Y)

(a) Rank the results and hence find Spearman’s rank correlation between the sets of marks.
(b) Comment on the value
Question 2
Sixty-four randomly selected adults who buy books for general reading were asked how much
they usually spend on books per year. The sample produced a mean of $1450 and a standard
deviation of $300 for such annual expenses.

(a) Determine a 99% confidence interval for the corresponding population mean.
(b) Determine a 95% confidence interval for the corresponding population mean

Question 3

According to a survey conducted by Pew Research Center in June 2009, 44% of people aged 18
to 29 years said that religion is very important to them. Suppose this result is based on a sample
of 1000 people aged 18 to 29 years.

(a) What is the point estimate of the corresponding population proportion?

(b) Find, with a 99% confidence level, the percentage of all people aged 18 to 29
years which will say that religion is very important to them. What is the margin of error
of this estimate?

Question 4

Lombard Electronics Company has just installed a new machine that makes a part that is used in
clocks. The company wants to estimate the proportion of these parts produced by this machine
that are defective. The company manager wants this estimate to be within .02 of the population
proportion for a 95% confidence level. What is the most conservative estimate of the sample size
that will limit the margin of error to within .02 of the population proportion?

Question 5
 A sample of 200 observations selected from a population produced a sample proportion equal to
.91.

(a) Make a 90% confidence interval for p.

(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for p.
(c) Make a 99% confidence interval for p.
(d) Does the width of the confidence intervals constructed in parts a through c increase as
the confidence level increases? If yes, explain why.
Question 6

The credit card debts of all college students have a distribution that is skewed to the right with a
mean of $2840 and a standard deviation of $672. Find the probability that the mean credit card
debt for a random sample of 36 college students would be
(a) Between $2600 and $2950
(b) Less than $3060

Question 7

The delivery times for all food orders at a fast-food restaurant during the lunch hour are normally
distributed with a mean of 7.7 minutes and a standard deviation of 2.1 minutes. Find the
probability that the mean delivery time for a random sample of 16 such orders at this restaurant
is
(a) Between 7 and 8 minutes
(b) Within 1 minute of the population mean
(c) Less than the population mean by 1 minute or more

Question 8

Find the following areas under a normal distribution curve wit   20 20 and   4
(a) Area between x =20 and x =27
(b) Area from x =23 to x =26
(c) Area between x = 9.5 and x =17

Question 9
In a class of 20 students, 4 of the 9 boys and 3 of the 11 girls are in athletics team. A person from
the class is chosen to be in ‘egg and spoon’ race on Sports day. Find the probability that the
person chosen is:
(a) In the athletics team
(b) Female
(c) A female member of the athletics team
(d) A female or in the athletics team
Question 10
A group of 50 people was asked which of three newspaper, A, B or C they read. The results
showed that 25 read A, 16 read B, 14 read C, 5 read both A and B, 4 read both B and C, 6 read
both C and A and 2 read all 3.
(a) Represent these data on a Venn diagram
Find the probability that a person selected at random from this group reads
(b) At least 1 of the newspapers
(c) Only 1 of the newspapers
(d) Only A