You are on page 1of 27

Effects and Controls of Mycotoxins

霉菌毒素的危害与控制
Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre
China Agricultural University
中国农业大学农业部饲料工业中心

Defa Li
李德发
Outline 大纲
 Production of mycotoxins 产生
 Effects of mycotoxins 危害
 Survey of mycotoxins contamination 污染现状
 Analysis of mycotoxins 检测方法
 Regulation and recommendation 限量标准
 Controls 预防措施
 Further research 未来研究方向
What are mycotoxins ?
霉菌毒素是什么?

• secondary metabolites 次级代谢产物


• on almost all agricultural commodities
•存在于几乎所有的农作物中
• >400 mycotoxins identified 超过400多种
• chemically stable 化学性质稳定
• resistant against temperature 耐热处理
• resist storage 耐储藏
• resist processing conditions 耐加工处理
Production of mycotoxins 霉菌毒素的产生

95% of mycotoxins in feedstuff are produced in the field


饲料原料中霉菌毒素95%在田间产生
Production of mycotoxins 霉菌毒素的产生
Most important mycotoxins
几种主要霉菌毒素

Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) Zearalenone (ZON) Deoxynivalenol (DON)


黄曲霉毒素B1 玉米赤酶烯酮 呕吐毒素

T-2 Toxin (T-2) Fumonisin B1 (FUM B1) Ochratoxin A (OTA)


T2毒素 烟曲霉毒素 B1 赭曲霉毒素A
Effects of mycotoxins on aminals
霉菌毒素对动物的危害
• Reduce growth rate and feed conversion
畜禽生长慢,饲料利用率降低
• Cause disease, reduce health level
引发疾病,降低健康水平
• Destroy Immune system, lead to vaccine failure
破坏免疫系统,导致疫苗失效
• Influence the safety of animal products
影响畜产品安全
Effects of mycotoxins on human health
霉菌毒素与人类健康的关系
Effects of mycotoxins on human health
霉菌毒素与人类健康的关系
Survey of mycotoxins contamination
霉菌毒素污染状况

25% worldwide crop production is contaminated by mycotoxins

全球粮食总产的25%受霉菌毒素的污染
Data from Biomin 数据由百澳明提供
In our country, mycotoxins are non-neglectable, almost
100% corns and 90% complete feeds are polluted, samples
were contaminated with more than one mycotoxin

我国饲料霉菌毒素污染十分普遍和严重,我国玉米100%被
霉菌污染, 全价料中霉菌毒素的检出率均在90%以上,且污
染饲料呈现多种霉菌、多种毒素复合污染特征
Mycotoxins contamination in corn of China
玉米中霉菌毒素污染状况,中国 (2004)
Mycotoxin FUM DON Afla ZON OTA T-2
毒素 ppm ppm ppb ppm Ppb ppb
Samples 样品数 68 71 71 69 38 35
Minimum 0.08 0.27 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
最低含量
Maximum 30.3 8.6 110.9 6.9 63.1 65.5
最高含量
Average 4.81 3.47 4.01 0.67 4.14 1.89
平均值
Low contamination % 37 3 94 6 92 6
轻度污染率
Medium contamination 44 6 3 41 0 0
%
中度污染率
High contamination % 19 92 3 42 5 0
高度污染率
No contamination % 0 0 0 11 3 94
未检出
Mycotoxin contamination survey in animal feeds of China (2005-2009)
中国饲料及原料中霉菌毒素普查结果(2005-2009年)

AfB1=黄曲霉毒素; ZON=玉米赤霉烯酮;T2 =T-2毒素;


OTA=赭曲霉毒素;FUM=烟曲霉毒素;DON=呕吐毒素 (数据由NOVUS提供)
Co-occurrence of Mycotoxins
多种霉菌毒素共存
78% samples were contaminated with more than one mycotoxin
78%的样品受到多种霉菌毒素同时污染

(数据由NOVUS提供)
Regulations of mycotoxins in feed and feedstuff, China
中国饲料(原料)中霉菌毒素限量标准,, China
中国饲料(原料)中霉菌毒素限量标准

Project Application scope Allowable amount


项目 适用范围 允许量 (ppb)

Afla B1 Corn, peanut meal ≤50


黄曲霉毒素B1 玉米、花生粕

OCT A compound feed, corn ≤100


赭曲霉毒素A 配合饲料、玉米

ZON compound feed, corn ≤500


玉米赤霉烯酮 配合饲料、玉米

DON compound feed for pig ≤1


呕吐毒素 猪配合饲料
Recommend allowance of mycotoxins in
swine feed
Recommended (推荐人)
(推荐人)by
by Dr. Jowaman Khajarern
猪饲料中霉菌毒素最大允许量
Animals Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素(ppb)
动物 AF ZON T2 OTA FUM DON
Piglet 小猪(<30 kg) 20 <100 100 <100 <200 <300
Grower中猪(30-60 kg) 50 <150 100-200 150 <300 <300
Finisher大猪(>60 kg) 100 <200 <300 <200 <400 <300
Gilt 后备母猪 100 <100 <200 <100 <200 <300
Sow 母猪 100 <100 <200 <100 <200 <300

AF=黄曲霉毒素; ZON=玉米赤霉烯酮;T2 =T-2毒素;


OTA=赭曲霉毒素;FUM=烟曲霉毒素;DON=呕吐毒素
Recommend allowance of mycotoxins in poultry
feed
Recommended by (推荐人)
(推荐人)Dr.
Dr. Jowaman Khajarern

家禽饲料中霉菌毒素最大允许量

Animals Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素(ppb)


动物 AF ZON T2 OTA FUM DON
Duckling 雏 10-20 <100 100-200 <100 <300 <300

Checking 雏 10-20 <100 100-200 100 <300 <300

grower中大鸡 30-50 <200 200-300 <200 <500 <300
Layer/breede 20-30 <100 100-200 <100 <300 <300
r
蛋/种鸡
Analysis of mycotoxins
霉菌毒素检测方法
 Quick tests(quanlitative,semi-quantitative,quantitative)
快速分析(定性、半定量、定量)
◆ Immuoassays(ELISA tests) 免疫测定(ELISA法)
◆ Thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱

Use: Detect specific mycotoxin 用途:检测特定霉菌毒素

• Confirmatory tests(quantitative)
确证分析(定量)
◆ High pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) 高效液相色谱
◆ LC/GC-MS 液相/气相-质谱联用

Use: Determine level of mycotoxins,Detect several mycotoxins


用途:精确确定毒素含量,实现多种毒素同步检测
Preventive measures 预防措施
• select and cultivate antibacterial crop varieties
选用和培养抗菌的农作物品种
• choose proper preservation methods
选择适当的保存方法
◆ reduce temperature 降低温度
◆ reduce water content 降低水分
◆ keep ventilation and drying 通风干燥
◆ control humidity 控制环境湿度
◆ reduce oxygen content 减少氧气含量
◆ reduce damage extent to crops 减少作物破损程度
Detoxification methods 去毒措施
• Physical and chemical detoxification procedures
物理、化学去毒措施

 Adsorbent materials
吸附剂去毒
◆ Feed additives : protein, amino acid, vitamin
饲料添加剂:如蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素
◆ inorganic adsorbents: aluminosilicate, clays, activated carbons

无机吸附剂:如铝硅酸盐、粘土、活性碳
◆organic binders: yeast cell wall components

有机吸附剂:如酵母细胞壁
Further research 未来研究方向 (1)
Develop biological detoxification technology of
mycotoxins, such as microorganism transformation
开发生物学方法降解毒素技术, 如微生物降解

Sources of Microorganism: 微生物来源


• animal intestinal microflora 动物肠道
• soil 土壤
• plant tissues 植物组织
Further research 未来研究方向 (2)
The evaluation methods of detoxification products
去毒产品评价方法

 The main barrier of evaluating the mycotoxin adsorbent is the lack of


an objective and accurate method
评价霉菌毒素吸附剂的一个主要障碍是缺少一种客观准确的评
价方式

 The vivo experiment on animals is the most effective and accurate


way to evaluate the safety and availability of detoxification
technologies and products

动物体内试验是评价防霉新技术和产品安全性与有效性最
有效、最准确的评价方式
Further research 未来研究方向 (3)
Develop accurate and sensitive detection technique,
improve the detect ability of mycotoxins in feeds and
foods

开发准确灵敏的检测技术,提高饲料及食品中霉菌
毒素检测能力

 Establish qualitative and quantitative technique to detect


multi-mycotoxin residues using LC–MS/MS

利用色谱-质谱联用技术建立多组分霉菌毒素残留检测的定
性和定量检测方法
Further research 未来研究方向 (4)
Research and implementation of information
report system for monitoring of mycotoxins
霉菌毒素监测预警系统建设
Thanks for you
attention!

You might also like