6 Concrete costs E128 per cubic metre.

What will it cost to concrete a driveway 20 m long

and 3 m wide to a depth of 12 cm?
7 64 cartons of paper are delivered to your school. Each carton measures 40 cm by 30 cm
by 25 cm. Is it possible to fit all the cartons into a storage cupboard 1 m by 1 m by
2 m? Explain your reasoning, using a diagram if you wish.

C CAPACITY
The capacity of a container is a measure of the volume it can hold. We can think of it as
the space within the container.

We use the term capacity when we talk about fluids or gases.

For
218example, the capacity
FURTHER of a cup is
MEASUREMENT the amount
(Chapter 11) of liquid it can hold.
The litre (L) is the basic unit for the measurement of capacity.
Here are some examples of familiar capacities:
Standard prefixes are added to measure smaller and larger capacities.
Item units include
For example, other Approx.
the capacity Item (kL), and
millilitre (mL), kilolitre Approx. capacity
megalitre (ML).
Medicine glass 25 mL Cup 250 mL
1 L = 1000 mL
Milk carton 1L Petrol tank 65 L
1 kL = 1000 L
Hot water system 170 L 50 m swimming pool 1500 kL
1 ML = 1000 KL
Dam 10 ML Reservoir 1000 ML

We can convert between the units of capacity using the following conversion diagram:

IB MYP_2
100

100

100

100
50

50

50

50
0

95
25

75

95

25

75

95

25

75

95

25

75
5

$"### $"### $"###

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ML kL L mL

!"### !"### !"###

Example 5 Self Tutor

Convert: a 4500 mL to L b 350 kL to L

a 4500 mL b 350 kL
= (4500 ¥ 1000) L = (350 £ 1000) L
= 4:5 L = 350 000 L

EXERCISE 11C.1
1 A small ‘shot’ glass for measuring spirits would most likely have a capacity of:
A 3L B 30 mL C 3 mL D 3 kL E 30 L
2 A thermos used to keep hot drinks warm would most likely have a capacity of:
A 2 kL B 20 mL C 2L D 20 L E 2 ML
3 A 25 m swimming pool would most likely have a capacity of:
A 400 mL B 400 ML C 400 L D 400 kL E 4 kL
4 A standard bucket would most likely have a capacity of:
A 900 mL B 90 L C 9L D 9 mL E 90 kL
5 A bathtub would most likely have a capacity of:
A 65 L B 650 mL C 65 kL D 6500 mL E 650 L

6 Convert:
a 5 L to mL b 8:6 L to mL c 400 mL to L
d 5830 L to kL e 1 ML to mL f 3:25 kL to L
7 How many 350 mL bottles of ginger beer can be filled from a 20:3 L home brew kit?
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 FURTHER MEASUREMENT (Chapter 11) 219

VOLUME AND CAPACITY

The units for capacity and the units for volume are closely related.

1 mL of fluid will fill a cube 1 cm £ 1 cm £ 1 cm.

1 cm
1 cm3 has capacity 1 mL: 1 mL
1 cm
1 cm

1 L of fluid will fill a cube 10 cm £ 10 cm £ 10 cm.

1000 cm3 has capacity 1 L:

10 cm
1L
10 cm
1 kL of fluid will fill a cube 1 m £ 1 m £ 1 m.
10 cm
1 m3 has capacity 1 kL.

We can summarise the connection

between volume units and capacity
units in a table: 1m 1 kL
3
1 cm has capacity 1 mL.
1000 cm3 has capacity 1 L. 1m
1 m3 has capacity 1 kL.
1m

Example 6 Self Tutor We say that

1 cm3 is equivalent to 1 mL
Calculate the capacity of Volume and write
the container: = 30 £ 10 £ 20 cm3 1 cm3 ´ 1 mL.

= 6000 cm3
) capacity
20 cm
= 6000 mL
= (6000 ¥ 1000) L
10 cm =6L
30 cm

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 220 FURTHER MEASUREMENT (Chapter 11)

Example 7 Self Tutor

Find the capacity in litres of a fishtank 2 m by 1 m by 50 cm.

Volume = length £ width £ height

= 200 cm £ 100 cm £ 50 cm funits must all be the sameg
= 1 000 000 cm3
) capacity = 1 000 000 mL 50 cm
= (1 000 000 ¥ 1000) L
= 1000 L
1m
2m

EXERCISE 11C.2
1 A container is 20 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm. Find:
a the volume of space in the container in cm3
b the capacity of the container in mL
c the capacity of the container in litres.
2 A rectangular container has dimensions 8 cm by 7 cm by 20 cm. Find its capacity in L.
3 A rectangular water tank has dimensions 4 m by 4 m by 2 m. Find its capacity in kL.
4 A rectangular petrol tank has dimensions 50 cm by 40 cm by 25 cm. How many litres
of petrol are needed to fill it?
5 A water trough has triangular cross-section as 60 cm
shown. Its length is 2 m. Find: 50 cm cross-section
a the area of the triangle in cm2
60 cm
b the volume of space in the trough in cm3
c the capacity of the trough in:
50 cm
i litres ii kilolitres.
2m
6 A swimming pool has the dimensions shown. It
has a cross-section in the shape of a trapezium. 25 m
Find: 8m
1m
a the area of the trapezium in m2 2.2 m
b the capacity of the swimming pool in ML.

Example 8 Self Tutor

Find the capacity, in megalitres, of a reservoir with a surface area of 1
hectare and an average depth of 2:5 metres.

Volume = surface area £ average depth

= 10 000 £ 2:5 m3 f1 hectare = 10 000 m2 g
3
= 25 000 m

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100

100

100
50

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50

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0

0
25

75

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25

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25

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11
 7 A kidney-shaped swimming pool has surface area 15 m2 and a constant depth of 2 metres.
Find the capacity of the pool in kilolitres.
8 A lake has an average depth of 6 m and a surface area of 35 ha. Find its capacity in
ML.

D MASS
The mass of an object is the amount of matter it contains.

Be careful not to confuse mass with weight, although in everyday use they are often
interchanged.
The mass of an object is constant. It is the same no matter where the object is.
The weight of an object is the force due to gravity which is exerted on the object. The weight
of an object depends on its distance from the Earth’s centre.
222 FURTHER
The Earth isMEASUREMENT (Chapter
not a perfect sphere. It is11)
fatter around its
equator than at its poles. This means that you would
Example
weigh 9more at the North Pole than you would at the Self Tutor
equator.
Convert the following to grams:
The kilogram (kg) is the base unit of mass in the
a 3:2 kg b 735 mg c 4:5 tonnes
SI system. Other units of mass which are commonly
used are the milligram (mg), gram (g), and tonne (t).
a 3:2 kg b 735 mg c 4:5 tonnes
1 g£
= (3:2 = 1000)
1000 mgg =The
(735measurement
¥ 1000) g standard= of(4:5mass
£ 1000is a£ platinum-iridium
1000) g
= 13200
kg =g 1000 g 0:735 gwith a mass of 1 =
=cylinder kg.4 500
It is000
keptg at the International
1 t = 1000 kg Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sevres near Paris.

As we have done with other units of measurement, we

Example 10 from one unit of mass to another. To convert larger units to
Self Tutor
can convert
smaller units, we multiply.
Express in kilograms: To convert smaller units to
a 8:6 t $"### b 5860 g $"###
$"### c 39 000larger
mgunits, we divide.

a t 8:6 t kg b g 5860 g mg c 39 000 mg

= (8:6 £ 1000) kg = (5860 ¥ 1000) kg = (39 000 ¥ 1000) g
= 8600 !"###
kg !"### = 5:86!"###
kg = 39 g
= (39 ¥ 1000) kg
= 0:039 kg

EXERCISE 11D.1
1 Give the units you would use to measure the mass of:
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100

100

100
50

50

50

50
0

0
25

75

95

25

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5

a the earth b a car c a vitamin pill

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2 Convert the following to grams:

a 6 kg b 47 mg c 3750 mg d 7:3 t
e 0:45 kg f 24:5 kg g 0:32 t h 3642 mg
3 Express in kilograms:
a 5t b 6000 g c 500 000 mg d 300 g
e 1847 mg f 386 g g 4:5 t h 5642 g

Example 11 Self Tutor
If one egg has a mass of 55 g, find the total mass of eggs in 50
cartons, each containing 12 eggs.

Total mass = 55 g £ 12 eggs £ 50 cartons

= 33 000 g
= 33 kg fkg is more appropriate than gg

12