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REVIEW QUESTIONS

CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETHICS & HUMAN RELATIONS SET “A”

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INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer in each of the following

questions. Mark only one answer on each item by a putting a
circle corresponding to the letter of your choice.

1. It is defined as a careful, systematic study of knowledge in

the field of criminology or criminal justice, undertaken to
discover or establish facts of the crimes or causations of crime.
A. social science research B. criminal justice research
C. descriptive research D. criminological research

2. The focus is on prevailing conditions, or how a person,

group, or thing behaves or functions in the present; and it is
also known as statistical research.
A. quantitative research B. correlation research
C. descriptive research D. intervention research

3. It is conducted when a researcher participates in the

activities of the groups being observed in the same manner as its
members, with or without their knowing that they are being
observed.
A. non-observation B. observation
C. participant observation D. interview

4. It is sometimes called closed interview, usually consist of

check-off responses to questions that are either factual or to
which most responses easily fit an expectable pattern of data
gathering.
A. interview B. unstructured interview
C. structured interview D. field interview

5. It has been defined as a list of planned written instruments

and which is related to a particular topic, with space provided
for indicating the responses to each of the items.
A. questionnaire B. checklist
C. instrument D. all of these

6. It is defined as purposeful face-to-face relationship

between two persons, one of whom called the interviewer or
researcher who asks questions to gather information, and the
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other called the interviewee or respondent who supplies the

information asked for.
A. interrogation B. interview
C. all of these D. investigation

7. It is a subset of a population, and it represents a subset

of manageable size. It is collected and statistics are calculated
from it so that one can make inferences  or extrapolations from
the population.
A. population B. sampling
C. respondents D. sample

8. It is the science that has to do with the methods used in

the collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of numerical data.
A. arithmetic B. mathematics
C. statistics D. basis statistics

9. This process summarizes the population data by describing

what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically.
A. applied statistics B. descriptive statistics
C. statistics D. basic statistics

10. It is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and

modeling data with the goal of highlighting useful information,
suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making.
A. data analysis B. data collection
C. data management D. data presentation

11. It is the voluntary or involuntary attitude of a person in

order to fit the society’s idea of right or wrong, partly
determined by heredity, environment and modified by learning.
A. human behavior B. inherited behavior
C. learned behavior D. all of these

12. It is the expert handling of crisis or emergency or the

likes, so as to reduce or eliminate dangers, or the likes,
especially on the part of the government.
A. crisis management B. police operation
C. crisis intervention D. emergency response

13. It is a mental disease characterized by autistic behavior,

hallucinations, and gradual deterioration of the personality.
A. inadequate personality B. anti-social personality
C. manic-depressive D. paranoid schizophrenic
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14. It is a set of circumstances wherein a suspected law

violator is holding a person captive, with the use of force, or
threat of violence, and the victim and the suspect are in close
confrontation with the police.
A. hostage situation B. kidnapping
C. barricaded person D. illegal detention

15. It is the dimension that dictates conditioned ability, and

is therefore the principal factor in anti-social behavior of
individual persons.
A. neuroticism B. psychoticism
C. extraversion D. none of these

16. Although the mental defect is not as severe as that of

idiots, he cannot manage his own affairs. The mental age may be
compared to a normal child from three (3) to seven (7) years old.
The I.Q. is 21 to 40.
A. imbecile B. feeble-minded
C. idiot D. morally defective

17. It is a complicated crisis intervention process that is

comprised of a system of inter-related conditions, activities and
behaviors needed to resolve highly volatile terrorist incidents.
A. crisis management B. crisis intervention
C. terrorist negotiation D. negotiations

18. It is designed around the first thirty minutes of a

terrorists’ attack to enable police agencies responsible for the
planning to have a clear starting point.
A. plan of action B. operational order
C. barricade matrix D. briefing handout

19. It is roadmap used to maintain the operations sense of

direction.
A. briefing B. operational order
C. briefing handout D. operational plan

20. It is a device used to implement a plan of action.

A. operational order B. operational plan
C. plan of action D. implementing plan

21. It characterized many criminals, especially habitual

offenders, and this causes humans to become criminals.
A. emotional conflict B. personality deviations
C. all of these D. none of these
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22. Hostage taking guarantee __________, and after repeated

incidents, it is the hope of the terrorists’ that the government
might overreact and become excessively restrictive to people.
A. reciprocal good faith B. media coverage
C. bargaining power D. considerable advantage

23. This is a type of hostage taker who is unpredictable, and

may resort to violence depending upon his mood, and this is a
type of person that can be describe as full of inner conflict.
A. psycho B. common criminal
C. fanatics D. none of these

24. This emphasizes human actions in relation to events taking

place inside the body, especially the brains and the nervous
system.
A. neurological B. behavioral
C. cognitive D. humanistic

25. The following are the four (4) different major activities of
managing hostage situation, i.e., planning, organizing, leading
and __________.
A. controlling B. budgeting
C. staffing D. coordinating

26. This is the scientific study of crimes and criminals, and a

particular field that attempt to build theories that explain why
crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior.
A. Psychology B. Sociology
C. Biology D. Criminology

27. It is the earliest surviving legal criminal codes, and which

was developed by King Sunji about 2000 B.C., and its content is
popularly known today as famous set of written laws.
A. Kalantiaw Code B. Code of Hamurabi
C. Mosaic Code D. Twelve Tables

28. This system of Lex Talionis emerged during the Dark Ages of
Criminology, which means:
A. physical retaliation B. an eye for an eye
C. all of these D. none of these

29. These are some of the forms of punishment during the dark
ages of criminology, EXCEPT:
A. penitence B. burning
C. branding D. beheading
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30. It is based on the proposition that the exterior of skull

corresponds to the interior of the brain’s conformation, and by
measuring the shape of skull, behavior can be measured.
A. sociology B. biology
C. anatomy D. phrenology

31. It is a branch of psychiatry based on the theories of

Sigmund Freud that employs a particular personality theory and a
particular method of treatment, usually individual case study.
A. Psychoanalysis B. Psychiatry
C. all of these D. Psychology

32. It is seemed to be an ideal perspective from which to study

society, and it can be traced to the writings of August Comte.
A. Psychology B. Sociology
C. Criminology D. Biology

33. He is universally acknowledged as one of the founders of

sociology, and he pointed out that all societies have not only
crime but sanctions in accordance with the structure of society.
A. Cesare Beccaria B. Jeremy Benthan
C. Rafael Garogalo D. Emile Durkheim

34. This refers to the breakdown of social orders as results of

a loss of standards and values that replaced social cohesion.
A. anomie B. strain
C. radical D. conflict

35. Due to his contributions in the study of crimes and

criminals, he is considered as the “father of modern
criminology.”
A. Emile Durkheim B. Jeremy Benthan
C. Rafael Garogalo D. none of these

36. He was concerned with the achieving “the greatest happiness

of the greatest number,” and his work was governed by
“utilitarian principles.”
A. Cesare Beccaria B. Jeremy Bentham
C. Rafael Garogalo D. Emile Durkheim

37. This field of the study of crimes and criminals was

flourished during the nineteenth century, and they also believe
in free will of committing crimes, but they are arguing the need
for individualized reaction to criminal offenders.
A. classical criminology B. neo-classical criminology
C. positivist criminology D. none of these
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38. It is based on the assumptions that criminal choose to

commit crime after weighing the consequences of their actions.
A. classical criminology B. neo-classical criminology
C. positivist criminology D. all of these

39. He postulated the theory of “born criminal,” which states

that criminals are a lower of life, nearer to the apelike
ancestors than non-criminals in traits and disposition.
A. Cesare Lombroso B. Jeremy Benthan
C. Rafael Garogalo D. Emile Durkheim

40. The decline in criminal activities wherein there is certain

inclination to commit crimes which peaks in the middle or late
teens and then declines throughout life is known as:
A. aging-out phenomenon B. old age factor
C. crime deceases with age D. all these

41. It is described as a sequence of developmental stages that

people pass through, and even acquiring the capacity to make
moral judgments.
A. moral development theory B. social learning theory
C. personality theory D. psychoanalytic theory

42. This theory in the study of crimes and criminals emphasizes

the process of learning and internalizing moral codes.
A. moral development theory B. social learning theory
C. personality theory D. psychoanalytic theory

43. This theory assumes a set of enduring perceptions and pre-

dispositions—tendencies that each individual develops through
early socialization.
A. moral development theory B. social learning theory
C. personality theory D. psychoanalytic theory

44. It is the part of the personality that contains the powerful

urges and drives for gratification and satisfaction.
A. id B. ego
C. superego D. conscience

45. This theory also suggests another explanation for behavior

as an insatiable need for immediate reward or gratification.
A. moral development theory B. social learning theory
C. personality theory D. psychoanalytic theory
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46. This is otherwise known as the “Child and Youth Welfare

Code,” and it shall apply to persons below twenty-one years of
age except those emancipated in accordance with law.
A. R.A. No. 9344 B. P.D. No. 608
C. R.A. No. 7610 D. P.D. No. 603

47. They may be employed to perform light work which is not

harmful to their safety, health or normal development and which
is not prejudicial to their studies.
A. children above sixteen years of age
B. children sixteen years of age
C. children below sixteen years of age
D. children of minority ages

48. It is one who is without a parents, guardians or custodian

or one wherein the parents, guardian or other custodian for good
cause desires to be relieved of his care and custody, and is
expecting the public for the support.
A. neglected child B. abandoned child
C. all of these D. dependent child

49. This law shall be known as the “Special Protection of

Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act.”
A. R.A. No. 6710 B. R.A. No. 7601
C. R.A. No. 7610 D. R.A. No. 6701

50. This refers to persons below eighteen (18) years of age or

those over, but is unable to fully take care or protect
themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or
discrimination because of their physical or mental disability or
conditions.
A. children B. child
C. minor D. youth

51. It shall refer to maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of

the child, which includes psychological and physical abuse,
unreasonable deprivation of basic needs for survival, and use of
deed or word which debases dignity.
A. child neglect B. child abuse
C. child exploitation D. child discrimination

52. It is the trading and dealing of children including but not

limited to, the act of buying and selling of a child for money,
or for any other consideration, or barter.
A. persons trafficking B. human trafficking
C. all of these D. child trafficking
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53. This law shall be known as the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare
Act of 2006.”
A. R.A. No. 9344 B. R.A. No. 9443
C. R.A. No. 4933 D. R.A. No. 4399

54. This refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or

adjudged as, having committed an offense under the Philippine
laws.
A. children in conflict with the law
B. youth in conflict with the law
C. child in conflict with the law
D. minor in conflict with the law

55. Refers to offenses which discriminate only against a child,

while an adult does not suffer any penalty for committing similar
act, i.e., curfew, truancy, parental disobedience, etc.
A. criminal offenses B. deviant behavior
C. status offenses D. juvenile delinquency

56. A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18)
years of age shall likewise be exempted from criminal liability
and be subjected to an intervention program, unless he/she has
acted with __________.
A. discernment B. none of these
C. discretion D. decision

58. Once the child who is under eighteen (18) years of age is
found guilty, instead of pronouncing the judgment of conviction,
the competent court may place the child under __________.
A. suspended sentence B. staggered sentence
C. maximum sentence D. intermediate sentence

59. It denotes various offenses committed by children or youth,

and such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency,
and the specific requirements vary from country to country.
A. delinquency B. juvenile offenses
C. juvenile delinquency D. juvenile crime

60. This was the first institution expressly used for juveniles,
and it was founded in New York City in 1825 so that
institutionalized delinquents could be kept part from adult
criminal.
A. Summer Camp B. Boystown
C. House of Refuge D. Youth Institution
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61. It is a criminal or anti-social behavior of children and

youth; and they are considered in need of treatment,
rehabilitation, or discipline.
A. juvenile delinquency B. youthful offenders
C. deviant D. juveniles

62. It is referred to any person under the legal age of

majority; hence, the term encompasses a broader range than
adolescence, which is considered to begin with the onset of
puberty.
A. juvenile B. delinquent
C. youthful offender D. incorrigibles

63. It is the oldest and most familiar description of criminal

misconduct by a juvenile in the legal definition, based upon
formally codified law, which specify offenses, sanctions, and age
parameters.
A. delinquency B. deviant behavior
C. anti-social behavior D. juveniles

64. Essentially, three kinds of children come into contact with

the juvenile court system, and the children in two of these
categories commit no offense, and only one category involves an
offense, EXCEPT:
A. dependent B. neglected
C. delinquent juvenile D. youthful offenders

65. Are those juveniles who commit offenses that if, committed
by adults, would not be considered crimes; and these offenses are
considered illegal per se from among the children.
A. delinquent B. juveniles
C. status offenders D. criminal over acts

66. It is refers to the agencies of the government charge with

the enforcing, prosecuting, convicting or acquitting, correcting
and providing assistance in returning to the community.
A. criminal justice system
B. juvenile justice system
C. anti-crime machinery of the government
D. police, prosecution, court, correction & community

67. It is an order issued by Datu Kalantiyaw on 1433 A.D. for

the guidance of his people.
A. Code of Hamurabi B. Code of Kalantiyaw
C. Mosaic Code D. Maragtas Code
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68. It is an informal part of the criminal justice system, and

its plays very important and crucial roles in combating and
reducing crimes.
A. correction B. prosecution
C. community D. police

69. Collectively, it is the largest and most visible of all

criminal justice agencies, and probably the most complex and
certainly, the most controversial of all.
A. court pillar B. correction pillar
C. prosecution pillar D. police pillar

70. It is viewed as the machinery that sets notion in the

institution of action to establish the guilt of criminal
offenders and law violators.
A. prosecution pillar B. city fiscal
C. state prosecutors D. provincial fiscal

71. He is considered as the most prominent jurist at the time of

his appointment to the first Supreme Court organized under the
American model.
A. Gregorio Araullo B. Cayetano Arellano
C. Wictorino Mapa D. Florentino Torres

72. It is an act which provides a uniform system of preliminary

investigation.
A. RA No. 5189 B. PD 77
C. Act No. 2942 D. PD 911

73. In the frontline decisions of the police, both the society

and the democratic principles are all at stake, the following
activities are involved, EXCEPT:
A. investigating crimes B. in-custody investigation
C. arrest of suspect D. release from custody

74. The basic law on the Philippine Prison System is found in

Revised Administrative Code, otherwise known as:
A. Royal Decree B. Correction Law
C. Bilibid Prison Law D. Prisons Law

75. The corrections in the local scenario have two-systems based

approaches, one is the institution-based and the second is:
A. community-based corrections
B. jail confinement & treatment
C. probation and parole system
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D. all of these

76. It represents the most important part of the criminal

justice system.
A. community pillar B. police pillar
C. court pillar D. correction pillar

77. The CJS is wielded in an arena whose boundaries and “rules

of warfare” are delineated and prescribed by __________ , it is
equally imperative for use to explore and familiarize ourselves
with them. A. legal parameters B. constitutional
laws
C. judicial basis D. criminal procedure

78. The criminal justice process may be also viewed as a

__________ through which cases are screened; some are advanced to
the next level, and others are either rejected or processed
accordingly.
A. funnel of sleeve B. wedding cake
C. filtering process D. none of these

79. It is otherwise known as the Barangay Justice System, as

repealed by the Local Government Code.
A. PD 1508 B. RA 7160
C. PD 7160 D. RA 1508

80. It is otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991,

and which repealed P.D. 1508.
A. PD 1508 B. RA 7160
C. PD 7160 D. RA 1508

81. It is composed of the punong barangay, as chairman and ten

(10) to twenty (20) members, and shall be constituted every three
(3) years in the manner provided herein.
A. pangkat ng barangay B. barangay justice
C. lupong tagapagkasundo D. lupong tagapamayapa

82. The amicable settlement or arbitration award may be enforced

by execution by the lupon within how many months from the date of
the settlement.
A. six (6) months B. three (3) months
C. four (4) months D. twelve (12) months

83. It serves as the coordinating machinery of the criminal

justice system.
A. Peace and Order Councils
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B. Department of Interior and Local Government

C. Department of Justice
D. Local Government Units

84. The caveat for the criminal justice system is, “democracy
cannot be saved by destroying it,” this means that the __________
and respect for the basic freedom and human rights of the
citizenry shall always be upheld and safeguarded, no matter why,
what or when.
A. rules of law B. legal parameters
C. legal basis D. criminal law

85. In the local setting, the regular courts engaged in the

administration of justice are organized into four level, and the
highest is:
A. city/municipal courts B. regional trial court
C. supreme court D. court of appeals

86. Are those ideas and concepts within each of us that we deem,
and they help us decide right from wrong, and help define who we
are and what we stand for?
A. morale B. ethics
C. conduct D. values

87. These are fundamental assumptions that guide the

organization and the individual police officer in the exercise of
discretion.
A. military values B. police values
C. all of these D. enforcement values

88. It is any accepted system of rules and regulations pertaining

to a given subject.
A. law B. code
C. act D. conduct

89. It is the study of standards of custody and moral judgment;

oftentimes it is referred to as the moral philosophy, and it is a
science that deals with the philosophical study of morality.
A. ethics B. behavior
C. image D. conduct

90. This refers or deals on personal dignity, and it pertains to

manners relates to, deals with or capable of making the
distinction between right and wrong conduct.
A. moral B. morale
C. mores D. morality
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91. It comes from the Latin word "mores" which signifies conduct
and refers to behavior of people, and which is valuable and which
enhance dignity of the individual.
A. mores B. morale
C. morality D. all of these

92. This refers to personal behavior, and in ethics, it is the

voluntary control and direction of one's activities toward moral
and spiritual development.
A. behavior B. action
C. action D. conduct

93. This refers to the commitment, dignity, and attitude of an

individual towards work and his integrity and practice of the
core moral value principles.
A. professionalism B. discipline
C. integrity D. dedication

94. This is the key to professionalism, and its improper

implementation will greatly prejudice the personnel
professionalization process as regard to procurement, promotion,
assignment, placement, training, awards and retirement.
A. career orientation B. career development
C. police career system D. career management

95. This is the state of affairs requiring tact to protect the

integrity of a person; and this is in consonance with the
requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP.
A. word of honor B. delicadeza
C. honesty D. truthfulness

96. This is otherwise known as, “The Anti Graft and Corrupt
Practices Act.”
A. R.A. No. 3019 B. R.A. No. 1930
C. R.A. No. 3091 D. R.A. No. 1903

97. It is established usage or social practices carried on by

traditions that have obtained the force of the law; and are
accepted practices realized through continued usage that takes
the force and effects of the Common Law.
A. customs B. belief
C. traditions D. superstitions

98. These are bodies or beliefs, stories, customs effect of an

unwritten law; inherited principles, standards and groups; and
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are accumulated experiences and deeds passed on from generation

to generation both in memory and reality.
A. all of these B. customs
C. traditions D. beliefs

99. It is a mental picture of something of a conception, idea,

or an impression towards the police organization, it may be
positive or negative, depending on the perceptions made by the
public.
A. police image B. public image
C. official image D. image

100. It is the sum total of dealings of the police with the

people it serves and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for
to ensure the greatest possible efficiency in public service.
A. police-community relations
B. community-relations
C. public relations
D. official relations

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