RESEARCH

OUTPUT

SUBMITTED BY:
Jay R Melgar
BSME 1-2

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. CONRADO S. CALUMPITA
I. TITLE: ENGINE BALANCING

II. OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to:

To determine the effect of load variation at constant speed on.

To perform an energy balance on the engine.

To know what is the purpose of balance to an engine.

III. BODY

The term unbalance" comes from "balance", which in turn comes from "scales". Scales
are in equilibrium when the same weight exists on both sides of the scale beam. The
mass distribution of a rotor about its rotational axis can be considered in the same way.
An uneven distribution of the mass is called unbalance. It causes centrifugal forces,
vibrations and noises during rotation, which become stronger and more uncomfortably
noticeable at higher speeds.
Service life- Bearings, suspensions, housings and foundations can be subjected to very
high stresses caused by vibrations resulting from unbalance and these result in greater
wear. Products with unbalanced parts often have a shorter service life.
Safety- Vibrations can reduce the frictional grip of screwed and clamped connections,
until components loosen. Electric switches are destroyed by vibration, pipes and cables
can fracture at the connections. Unbalance can substantially reduce a machines
operating safety man and machine are at risk.
Quality- A irregularly running electric tool cannot be precisely used. The users effort
increases they become tired more quickly. Vibrations also have a substantial negative
effect on the production result of machine tools: A grinder or high-speed woodworking
machine produces untidy work and produces more rejects if the spindle and tools have
not been precisely balanced.

Competitiveness- Irregular, noisy running is always used as a quality assessment

criterion and so vibrations can have a substantial negative effect on a products
competitiveness: A highly vibrating household appliance and a noisy car are products
which will not be successful on the market.
Engine balance refers to those factors in the design, production, engine tuning,
maintenance and the operation of an engine that benefit from being balanced. Major
considerations are: Balancing of structural and operational elements within an engine,
Longevity and performance, Power and efficiency, Performance and weight/size/cost,
Environmental cost and utility, Noise/vibration and performance.
PROBLEM 1.

Determine the primary out of balance force for single cylinder machine with a piston
mass 0.5 kg. with a connecting rod 120 mm long and a crank radius of 50 mm when the speed
of rotation is 3000 rev/min.

Solution:

ω = 2л x 3000/60 = 100л rad/s

Fᴘ= Mω²R cos Ɵ = 0.5 x (100л)² x 0.05 cos Ɵ =2467.4 cos Ɵ

IV. CONCLUSION

Therefor I conclude that balanced engine will generally be more efficient and
reliable and will certainly tolerate much higher engine speeds. We must remember that
no engine can be perfectly balanced due the amount of subtle factors involved but we
can certainly improve upon the balance of a mass produced engine.To balance the
engine, we need to balance out these forces. Primary forces occur once per crank
revolution, and are caused by reciprocating pistons. Secondary forces occur twice per
crank revolution, and relate to the uneven speed of the piston as it moves throughout
the cylinder.
V. REFERENCES.
https://www.torquecars.com/tuning/engine-balancing.php
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-purpose-of-balancing-in-an-engine
https://definedterm.com/balance_shaft
https://www.onallcylinders.com/2016/04/15/finding-balance-part-2/