Tutorial I

Date: 24.12.2018

Q.1. In a town, it has been decided to provide 150 lpcd in the year 2000. Estimate the
domestic water requirement of this town in 2000 by projecting the population of the town by
the increment increase method from the data given below.

Year 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

450,00 686,00
Population 200,000 580,000 795,200
0 0

Solution

Year Population Increase Incremental Increase

1950 200,000 - -
1960 450,000 250,000 -
1970 530,000 130,000 -120,000
1980 686,000 106,000 -24000
1990 795,200 109,200 +3200
Total 595200 -140800
Average 148800 -46933

Incremental increase method,

Year 2000 – Population, P = 795200 + 1 x (148800 – 46933) = 897067
Domestic water requirement in 2000 = 897067 x 150 = 134 x 106 lpd

Q.2. A city has the following recorded population.

Year 1951 1971 1991

Population 60,000 120,000 180,000

Estimate (a) Saturation population (b) Expected population in 2011. Also determine the fire
demand for this city having population in 2011 using Freeman’s formula and National Board
of fire underwriter’s formula.

Solution
(a) Saturation population =?
1951 – P0 = 60,000
1971 – P1 = 120,000, t = 20 years
1991 – P2 = 180,000, t = 40 years
2 P0 P1 P2−P12 (P0 + P2)
Ps=
P 0 P2−P12
2 x 60,000 x 120,000 x 180,000−( 120,000 )2 (60,000+180,000)
Ps=
( 60,000 x 180,000)−(120,000)2
= 240,000
 (b) m = (Ps – P0)/P0 = (240,000 – 60,000)/(60,000) = 3
n = 2.3/t Log [(P0 (Ps-P1)/(P1 (Ps-P0))]
= 2.3/20 Log [(60,000 x (240,000 – 120,000)/(120,000 x (240,000 – 60,000))]
= -0.055
Population in 2011 after 60 years,

P = Ps/(1+m ln-1 (nt))

= 240,000/(1+(3 x ln-1(-0.055 x 60))) = 216,216 ~ 216,000

Freeman’s Formula,

Q = 250 (P/5 +10) = 250 (216,000/5 +10) = 13300 gal/min

Q = 15.8 (P/5 +10) = 15.8 (216,000/5 +10) = 840 Lps

National Board of fire underwriter’s formula,

Q = 1020 (P)1/2 (1-0.01 (P)1/2)

= 1020 (216,000)1/2 (1-0.01 (216,000)1/2) = 12788 gal/min

Q = 64 (P)1/2 (1-0.01 (P)1/2)

= 64 (216,000)1/2 (1-0.01 (216,000)1/2) = 802 Lps

 Tutorial II

Date: 4.2.2019

Solution and Marking Scheme

Q.1. A small town with a population of 1500 is to be supplied water at 200 lpcd. The demand
of water during different period is given in the following table. Determine the capacity of a
reservoir if pumping is done 9 hours at constant rate from 9 AM to 6 PM.

Time
0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24
(hrs)
Demand
20 25 30 50 35 30 25 25
in 103 L
Let 3 hrs pumping capacity is provided for break down storage.
Let 5 lpcd is provided for the fire storage.

Solution

Total water consumption = 1500 x 200 = 300,000 L

Rate of supply per 3 hours = 3 x 300 x 103/9 = 100 x 103 L/3 hrs
Cum. Cum.
Supply Demand Surplus Deficit
Time (hr) Surplus Deficit
(103 L/3hr) (103 L/3hr) (103L/3hr) (103L/3hr)
(103L/3hr) (103L/3hr)
0–3 - 20 20 20
3–6 - 25 25 45
6–9 - 30 30 75
9 – 12 100 50 50 25
12 – 15 100 35 65 40
15 – 18 100 30 70 110
18 – 21 - 25 25 85
21 - 24 - 25 25 60
Maximum cumulative surplus = 110 x 103 L
Maximum cumulative deficit = 75 x 103 L
Balancing storage = (110+75) x 103 = 185 x 103 L
Breakdown storage for 3 hours = 100 x 103 L
Fire storage = 5 lpcd x 1500 = 7.5 x 103 L
Total capacity = (185 + 100 + 7.5) x 103 = 292.5 x 103 L
Q.2. Calculate head lossess and corrected flow only after one correction. In distribution of
flow in different pipes are given in figure.

Length in Head loss

Pipe Diameter Q (lps) h h/Q
100m in 100m
AB 30 6 45 0.23 1.38 0.031
BC 20 3 20 0.45 1.35 0.068
Ƹ clockwise 2.73
AD 20 3 45 1.7 5.1 0.113
DC 20 6 22 0.5 3.0 0.136
Ƹ counter clockwise 8.1
Total 0.348

Corrected flow, Δ = (8.1 – 2.73)/1.85 x 0.348 = 8.3 lps

25 L/s
90 L/s Q1 = 45 L/s
Q2 = 53.3 L/s
B
A

Q1 = 45 L/s Q1 = 20 L/s
Q2 = 36.7 L/s Q2 = 28.3 L/s

D Q1 = 22 L/s C
Q2 =13.7 L/s