PDF 2 Eso Geografia e Historia Anaya Adaptacion Curricular Comprimido DD - PDF

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LM\AOAFÑB QLA\BMOZFO
flbafos
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Ilgirocåo l @fstgrfo
E. Jurigs, E.A. Euÿgz-Ml
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Lsto prgpulsto mfmïatfao, plrtlblaflbtl o no slrfl ml Aflbafos Qgafonls, rlspgbml o ub prgylatg pl-
moiñifag arlomg y mlsorrgnnomg pgr Oboyo Lmuaoafñb poro no LQG.
Lb su lnojgroafñb òb portfafpomg8
Outgrls8 Eobuln Jurigs Ongbsg, E.ª Agbalpafñb Euÿgz-Mlniomg, Eorto Jnobag y Eñbfao Ozo
Aggrmfboafñb lmftgrfon8 Hlsøs Bovos y Huob M
Mgeæbla`
geæbla`
Lmfafñb8 Hgsæ Nufs Aòelrg y Qonvomgr Soro
Mfslÿg ml aujflrtos l fbtlrfgrls8 Efiuln Ïbiln [oa`lag y Hovflr Qlrrobg

]rotoeflbtg fbcgirïcfag mln mfslÿg8 Hovflr Auænnor y [otrfafo Iñelz
Lqufpg tæabfag8 Ïbiln Iulrrlrg
Agrrlaafñb8 Fsojln Ionnlig y Elralmls [ærlz
Agrrlaafñb8
Fnustroafgbls8 Iroafo Ortfios, Orturg Oslbsfg, Clrbobmg Ozbor, [oun Agunjgfs y Aorngs Egrlbg
Aortgirocåo8 Hgsæ E.ª Ifn y Zgsorfg Zlioÿg
Mlportoelb
Mlportoelbtg
tg irïcfag8 Huob Aorngs _ufibgb, [oz Croba`, Efiuln Måoz-Zunng,
Zocoln Qgejråo y Efiuln Ïbiln Aostfnnlhgs
Lmfafñb irïcfao8 Lstlcobåo ml Zæifn
Cgtgirocåos8 OIL Cgtgstgad, Ofso, Onjue, Ora`fvg Oboyo (Aongbil, B.4 Agsobg, [.4 Lsagclt, H.E.4
Nlfvo, O.4 Nlzoeo,
[.-Cgtgtlao M.4 Eoråb,
ml Lspoÿo4 L.4 Eortfb,
Zlmgbmg, H.4 Grtlio,
E.4 Zufz, O.4[ostgr,
H.J.4 Zufz [omuro,N.4Q.4Qtlln,
Zfvlro
E.4Hgvl,
Sonns,S.4
Z.4Zoeñb Grtlio,
Sïzqulz, O.4
Sfnnojgy, B.), Agrmñb [rlss, [ofsohls Lspoÿgnls, [rfseo

Åbmfal
? Ngs feplrfgs jfzobtfbg y aorgnfbifg ................................................ =

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: Ln fsnoe y su lxpobsfñb ..................

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1 No sgaflmom clumon ..............

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= No plbåbsuno fjærfao lbtrl ngs sfings SFFF y PF .............

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< Afumom, juriulsåo y aotlmronls ..............

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3 PF PS
No plbåbsuno fjærfao lbtrl ngs sfings y ..............
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9 No Lmom Egmlrbo. Ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs ilgirïcfags .................. = :

..................
0 No `lilegbåo lspoÿgno lb ln sfing PSF ....................................... < ;
6 Ln sfing PSFF. Ojsgnutfseg y Jorrgag .............

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?; No pgjnoafñb. Nos tlbsfgbls mlegirïcfaos .............

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Nos sgaflmomls oatuonls y sus mfclrlbafos ..................................
?: Ln pgjnoeflbtg ùeobg. Nos afumomls ............

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Qgnuafgbls ............
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? Ngs feplrfgs
jfzobtfbg y aorgnfbifg
? Ln cfb mln eubmg obtfiug

?.? No rupturo ml no ubfmom
mln feplrfg rgeobg
Ngs rgeobgs arlorgb ub irob feplrfg lb tgrbg on eor Elmftlrrïblg.
Johg ln leplromgr ]rohobg
]rohobg (60-?99), sus crgbtlros nnliojob lb Lurgpo òsto
nos fsnos Jrftïbfaos y ngs rågs Zfb y Mobujfg4 lb Osfo òsto ln råg ]firfs4 y lb
Ïcrfao òsto ln mlsflrtg mln Qïòro.
Lb ln oÿg 16<, ln leplromgr ]lgmgsfg mfvfmfñ ln feplrfg lb mgs portls,
poro mlclbmlrng elhgr ml nos fbvosfgbls ml ngs puljngs ilreïbfags8 ln fe-
plrfg rgeobg ml Gaafmlbtl, agb aopfton lb Zgeo4 y ln feplrfg rgeobg
ml Grflbtl, agb aopfton lb Agbstobtfbgpno.
s
Eor mln
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Sfsfigmgs Añralio ZGEO AGBQ]OB]FBG[NO
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Ngs feplrfgs ml Grflbtl y ml Gaafmlbtl

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Mlsml su mfvfsfñb, aomo portl mln feplrfg sfiufñ ubo lvgnuafñb mfclrlbtl8 g
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• Ln feplrfg rgeobg ml Grflbtl, agbgafmg mlspuæs ageg feplrfg jfzob- o
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\BFMOM
]orlos poro prgirlsor

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
? Aonauno ln tflepg qul murorgb ngs feplrfgs rgeobgs < Fbmfao sf nos crosls sfiuflbtls sgb vlrmomlros (S) g
ml Grflbtl y ml Gaafmlbtl, mlsml no mfvfsfñb mln le- consos (C)8
plromgr ]lgmgsfg òsto su mlsoporfafñb8
……………………………………………………………… o) Ln leplromgr ]rohobg mfvfmfñ ln feplrfg
rgeobg lb mgs portls.
………………………………………………………………
j) Ln leplromgr ]lgmgsfg mfvfmfñ ln feplrfg
: Lsarfjl ngs bgejrls ml nos aopftonls mln feplrfg
feplr fg rgeo- rgeobg lb mgs portls.
bg ml Gaafmlbtl y mln feplrfg jfzobtfbg g ml Grflbtl.
……………………………………………………………… a) No aopfton mln feplrfg rgeobg ml Gaafmlb-
tl lro Zgeo.
………………………………………………………………
m) No aopfton mln feplrfg rgeobg ml Gaafmlb-
1 Agbtlsto o nos sfiuflbtls prliubtos8 tl lro Agbstobtfbgpno.
o) ·_uæ nl gaurrfñ on feplrfg jfzobtfbg lb ?=<17
……………………………………………………………… l) Ln feplrfg rgeobg ml Grflbtl ls agbgafmg
ageg feplrfg jfzobtfbg.
………………………………………………………………
c) No Lmom Elmfo sl fbfafo agb no aoåmo mln
j) ·_uæ grfifbñ no aoåmo mln feplrfg rgeobg ml Ga-
feplrfg rgeobg ml Gaafmlbtl.
afmlbtl7
……………………………………………………………… i) No Lmom Elmfo sl fbfafo agb no aoåmo mln
feplrfg rgeobg ml Grflbtl.
………………………………………………………………
a) ·_uæ plrågmg `fstñrfag sl lxtflbml mlsml ln oÿg ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
=93 òsto ?=6:7 3 Agepnlto lstl auomrg rlsuelb8
………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………… Ln leplromgr ]lgmgsfg mfvfml ln feplrfg rgeobg lb8
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: Ln feplrfg jfzobtfbg
:.? No lvgnuafñb `fstñrfao
`fstñrfao
Ln feplrfg rgeobg ml Grflbtl ngirñ sgjrlvfvfr o no aoåmo ml Zgeo. Agb ln
tflepg, posñ o nnoeorsl feplrfg jfzobtfbg. Lsto mlbgefboafñb prgalml ml
Jfzobafg, ubo agngbfo irflio sftuomo lb ln eor Blirg qul cul rlagbstrufmo
pgr Agbstobtfbg lb ln oÿg 11;. No bulvo afumom lro agbgafmo ageg Agbs-
tobtfbgpno, no afumom
Lb sus fbfafgs, ml Agbstobtfbg,
ln feplrfg y cul no aopfton
jfzobtfbg ageprlbmåo ngsmln feplrfg.ml ngs Jon-
tlrrftgrfgs
aobls, Irlafo, Osfo Elbgr, Qfrfo y Lifptg. [lrg mlsml lbtgbals, su `fstgrfo
otrovlsñ plrågmgs ml ouil y ml mlaomlbafo8
• Lb ln sfing 󰁳󰁦, murobtl ln rlfbomg ml Hustfbfobg F (<:9-<3<), ln feplrfg on-
aobzñ su eoygr lspnlbmgr. Hustfbfobg
Hustfbfobg agbqufstñ ln bgrtl ml Ïcrfao, Qfafnfo,
Ftonfo y ln surlstl ml @fspobfo.
• Lb ln sfing 󰁳󰁦󰁦, ngs eusuneobls agbqufstorgb Qfrfo, [onlstfbo y Lifptg, y
rlmuhlrgb su tlrrftgrfg o Osfo Elbgr, ngs Jonaobls y oniubos pgslsfgbls
lb Ftonfo.
• Mlsml elmfomgs mln sfing 󰁰󰁦, Jfzobafg lbtrñ lb ubo prgcubmo arfsfs,
òsto qul ﬏bonelbtl ngs turags oaojorgb agbqufstobmg Agbstobtfbgpno
(?=<1) y pusflrgb ﬏b on feplrfg.
:.: Ln ortl jfzobtfbg. No orquftlaturo

orquftlaturo
Ln ortl jfzobtfbg tuvg ubo irob rfqulzo y lxprlsñ ln pgmlr ml ngs le-
plromgrls y ml no Finlsfo. Qus eobfclstoafgbls prfbafponls culrgb no or-
quftlaturo4 ngs egsofags, qul mlagrorgb ln fbtlrfgr ml nos finlsfos, y ngs
fagbgs g feïilbls soiromos, rlonfzomos sgjrl tojno g elton.
No orquftlaturo utfnfzñ eotlrfonls pgjrls ageg ln nomrfnng, rlaujflrtg o
vlalss lb ln llxtlr
vlal xtlrfgr
fgr agb eïr
eïregn
egn y lb ln ffbt
btlrf
lrfgr
gr aagb
gb rrfags
fags egso
egsofag
fags.
s. Ln lmf- Qobto Qgcåo, finlsfo lbaoriomo pgr Hustf-
﬏afg prfbafpon cul no finlsfo, ml pnobto rlatobiunor y aujflrto omfbtlnomo g bfobg F lb ln sfing SF, tflbl ubo bovl alb-
ml pnobto auomromo, gatgigbon g ml aruz irflio y agb aøpuno. Ngs lhlepngs tron euy obaò, sgjrl no qul sl sftøo ubo
eïs mlstoaomgs sgb no josånfao ml Qobto Qgcåo ml Agbstobtfbgpno, lbaoriomo irob aøpuno sgjrl pla`fbos ml 1: ae ml
pgr Hustfbfobg, y no finlsfo ml Qob Sfton, lb Zïvlbo4 oejos sgb mln sfing 󰁳󰁦. mfïeltrg.
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▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ Agbgalr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos
0 Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8 ?; Agb oyumo mln tlxtg y ml no feoilb ml Qobto Qg-
o) ·Ml mñbml prgalml no mlbgefboafñb ml fepl- cåo, mlsarfjl añeg lro ubo finlsfo jfzobtfbo.
rfg jfzobtfbg7
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j) ·Agb quæ bgejrl sl agbgaåo no bulvo afumom
rlagbstrufmo pgr ln leplromgr Agbstobtfbg7 …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
a) ·Lb quæ sfing onaobzñ ln feplrfg jfzobtfbg su
eoygr lspnlbmgr7 ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
………………………………………………………… ?? Agepnlto lstl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl ln ortl jf-
zobtfbg8
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
Eobfclstoafgbls
…………………………………
6 Lb no sfiuflbtl feoilb oporlal rlprlslbtomg Hus- prfbafponls
tfbfobg. Lxpnfao, agb tus prgpfos ponojros y sfb ag- …………………………………
eltlr contos ml grtgirocåo, qufæb cul lstl plrsgbohl
`fstñrfag. …………………………………
Eotlrfonls utfnfzomgs
…………………………………
lb no orquftlaturo
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9

1 Ln feplrfg aorgnfbifg
1.? No lvgnuafñb `fstñrfao
`fstñrfao
LE[LZOMGZ
Lb ln oÿg 9<?, [fpfbg ln Jrlvl fepnobtñ ubo bulvo mfboståo crobao, qul
onaobzñ su eïxfeg lspnlbmgr agb su `fhg Aorngeoibg, ml quflb prg-
vflbl ln bgejrl
bgejrl mln feplrfg.
Aorngeoibg (9=:-0?=) sl prgpusg rlstojnlalr no ubfmom mln obtfiug
feplrfg
ln albtrgrgeobg ml Gaafmlbtl.
ml Lurgpo y ln bgrtl mlAgb lstl ﬏b agbqufstñ ln bgrtl ml Ftonfo,
Onleobfo.
]ros lstos agbqufstos, Aorngeoibg cul prganoeomg leplromgr pgr ln popo BGJNLXO ANLZG
Nlñb FFF, lb ln oÿg 0;;. Ln feplrfg sgng murñ òsto ln oÿg 0=1, auobmg ln
`fhg y sualsgr ml Aorngeoibg, Nufs ln [fomgsg, ng mfvfmfñ lbtrl sus `fhgs.
1.: Nos oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos

Nos oatfvfmomls oirorfos culrgb prlmgefbobtls. Ql proatfaojob lb lx-
tlbsgs notfcubmfgs, mgbml sl auntfvojob, sgjrl tgmg, alrlonls, qul lrob
no josl ml no onfelbtoafñb. [oro su lxpngtoafñb, ngs notfcubmfgs sl mfvf- [LZQGBOQ NFJZLQ
Aoeplsfbgs
måob lb mgs portls8
• No rlslrvo slÿgrfon, auygs prgmuatgs lrob poro ln prgpfltorfg
prgpfltorfg.. Ortlsobgs
• Ngs eobsgs, g plqulÿos poralnos trojohomos pgr aoeplsfbgs, qul bg
pgmåob ojobmgbor no tflrro y mljåob poior on mulÿg rlbtos y slrvfafgs.
slr vfafgs.
No ortlsobåo sl rlonfzojo lb ngs notfcubmfgs, mgbml sl cojrfaojob ngs or-
tåaungs blalsorfgs poro no vfmo8 tlhfmgs, `lrroeflbtos, lta. Ln agelrafg
sl nfeftojo o ngs ortåaungs ml nuhg mleobmomgs pgr ngs eïs rfags. Agelrafobtls
1.1 No sgaflmom aorgnfbifo QFLZSGQ
No sgaflmom aorgnfbifo sl griobfzojo lb trls irupgs sgafonls8

•Ngs bgjnls y ngs ontgs aorigs lanlsfïstfags pgslåob no eoygr portl ml
nos tflrros y mlsleplÿojob ngs pulstgs prfbafponls mln igjflrbg y no
omefbfstroafñb.
•Ln rlstg ml nos plrsgbos nfjrls8 aoeplsfbgs, ortlsobgs y agelrafobtls.
.
•Ngs sflrvgs, mlsalbmflbtls ml obtfiugs lsanovgs, qul lstojob suhltgs o g
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no tflrro4 ls mlafr
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▾ Agbgalr lnlelbtgs eotleïtfags ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
?1 Aonauno ngs oÿgs qul murñ ln feplrfg aorgnfbifg. ?3 Grmlbo ml cgreo argbgnñifao, ml eïs obtfiug (O)
o eïs rlaflbtl (A), ngs sfiuflbtls plrsgbohls `fs-
………………………………………………………… tñrfags8
Aorngeoibg
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao
?= Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8
o) ·Ml mñbml prgalml ln bgejrl ml feplrfg ao- Nufs ln [fomgsg
rgnfbifg7
…………………………………………………………
[fpfbg ln Jrlvl
…………………………………………………………
j) ·Auïn lro ln gjhltfvg ml Aorngeoibg7
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
?< Lsarfjl S (vlrmomlro) g C (conso) lb aomo crosl8
o) Lb ln feplrfg aorgnfbifg, nos oatfvfmomls

oirorfos lrob prlmgefbobtls.
▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
j) No oirfaunturo sl rlonfzojo lb notfcub-
mfgs. ?9 Lb ln irïcfag sfiuflbtl, agngao aomo irupg sgafon
lb su bfvln agrrlspgbmflbtl8 o) sflrvgs4 j) lepl-
romgr4 a) aoeplsfbgs, ortlsobgs y agelrafobtls4
a) Ngs notfcubmfgs sl mfvfmåob lb tobtos por- m) bgjnls y ontgs aorigs lanlsfïstfags.
tls ageg prgpfltorfgs tuvflsl.
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6

: Ln fsnoe
y su lxpobsfñb
?
?.? Ln Eo`geo
fsnoe.y noFbfafgs y lxpobsfñb
rlnfifñb fsnïefao
Ln fsnoe boafñ lb no plbåbsuno ml Orojfo, lbtrl ln eor Zghg y ln igncg [ærsfag
[ærsfag..
Eo`geo (<9;-31:), ln prgclto mln fsnoe, rlafjfñ no rlvlnoafñb ml Mfgs y ag-
elbzñ o prlmfaor ubo bulvo rlnfifñb, ln fsnoe, qul sfibf﬏ao suefsfñb o no
vgnubt
vgn ubtom
om mmll ub mfgs øbf
øbfag
ag,, On
Onï.
ï.
]ros no eulrtl ml Eo`geo, no rlnfifñb fsnïefao cul rlagifmo lb ln Agrïb g
nfjrg soiromg ml ngs eusuneobls. Qus proatfaobtls sl nnoeob eusuneobls
y mljlb auepnfr afbag prlalptgs rlnfifgsgs8 no prgclsfñb ml cl4 no groafñb
afbag vlals on måo efrobmg o No Elao y no groafñb ageubftorfo ngs vflrbls
lb no elzqufto4 no nfegsbo o ngs blalsftomgs4 ln oyubg lb ln els ml Zoeo-
mïb4 y no plrlirfboafñb o No Elao, on elbgs ubo vlz lb no vfmo.
?.: No lxpobsfñb mln fsnoe

Eo`geo agelbzñ o prlmfaor su mgatrfbo lb No Elao, plrg tuvg qul ùfr
y trosnomorsl o no afumom ml Votrfj lb ln oÿg 3:: (`æifro). Mlsml lbtgb-
Lxpobsfñb mln fsnoe
als, Votrfj omgptñ ln bgejrl ml Elmfbo, y ln oÿg 3:: sl tgeñ ageg pubtg Agbqufstos o no eulrtl ml Eo`geo (31: m.A.)
ml portfmo mln aonlbmorfg eusuneïb. ]ros no eulrtl ml Eo`geo, lb 31:, Agbqufstos ml ngs aonfcos grtgmgxgs (31:-33;)
ngs eusuneobls cgreorgb ub irob feplrfg, agbsgnfmomg lb trls ltopos8 Agbqufstos ml ngs gelyos (33;-9<;)
• Ln aonfcotg grtgmgxg (31:-33?). Ngs sualsgrls ml Eo`geo sl lnfiflrgb Feplrfg jfzobtfbg (lb no sliubmo eftom mln sfing SFF ))
lbtrl sus coefnforls, omgptorgb ln tåtung ml aonfco y rlsfmflrgb lb Elmfbo. Zlfbg crobag (òafo ln 9<;)
Ln fsnoe sl lxtlbmfñ pgr Qfrfo, [onlstfbo, Lifptg, Elsgpgtoefo y [lrsfo. Xgbo mfsputomo lbtrl jfzobtfbgs y eusuneobls
Jotonno
• Ln aonfcotg gelyo (33?-9<;). Ql fepnobtñ no sualsfñb `lrlmftorfo lb
no coefnfo ml ngs gelyos, qul trosnomorgb no aopfton o Moeosag. Ln fe- ; ? ;;; : ;;; 1 ;;; de .
g
plrfg ïrojl onaobzñ su eïxfeo lxtlbsfñb y sl lxtlbmfñ òafo ln glstl. m
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bñ o ngs gelyos y O]NÏ B]F AG CZOBAG Qlrjfgs Qftfgs ml Agbstobtfbgpno
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301 NFJFO 313 Dlrjono Fsco`ïb m
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▾ \sor ln vgaojunor
vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
? Mlcfbl lstgs agbalptgs `fstñrfags8 fsnoe, Agrïb, eu- < Lsarfjl nos claòs lb qul sualmflrgb ngs sfiuflbtls
suneobls. oagbtlafeflbtgs8
……………………………………………………………… o) Boafeflbtg ml Eo`geo8 ………………..........……
……………………………………………………………… j) @æifro8 ……………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………… a) Agbqufsto mln aonfcotg pgr ngs turags8 ………………
……………………………………………………………… m) Ageflbzg mln aonfcotg
aon fcotg gelyo8 ………………………
……………………………………………………………… l) Ageflbzg mln aonfcotg ojoså8 ………………………

c) Ageflbzg mln aonfcotg grtgmgxg8 …………………..
: Lsarfjl ngs afbag prlalptgs rlnfifgsgs ml ngs eusun- 3 Agb oyumo mln eopo ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, fbmfao ln
eobls. plrågmg lb ln qul sl agbqufstorgb ngs sfiuflbtls tl-
rrftgrfgs8 Qfrfo, vonnl mln Fbmg, Lifptg, Arlto y Qfafnfo,
……………………………………………………………… Elsgpgtoefo.
……………………………………………………………… …………………………
……………………………………………………………… …………………………
……………………………………………………………… …………………………
……………………………………………………………… …………………………
…………………………
1 Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S) g
…………………………
consos (C). ………………………………………………………………
o) Ln fsnoe boafñ lb no plbåbsuno ml Orojfo. ………………………………………………………………
.
g
j) Eo`geo ùyñ ml No Elao o Elmfbo lb ………………………………………………………………
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m) No lxpobsfñb mln feplrfg eusuneïb sl ‑ Nos ltopos mln feplr
feplrfg
fg eusuneïb culrgb trls8
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ageportflrgb
tflrgb ln Aonfcotg lb
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l
o
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c
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ngs lnliåo lbtrl sus coefnforls y oefigs.
i
g
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= Zlnoafgbo aomo ltopo agb su aopfton. ‑ Lb no sliubmo, igjlrbñ
igjlr bñ no mfboståo ml ngs …………
.
O
.
Q
,
O
O. Aonfcotg grtgmgxg
gr tgmgxg ?. Moeos
Moeosag
ag ……………………………
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G
J. Aonfcotg gelyo :. Joimom ‑ Lb no tlralro igjlrbñ no mfboståo …………………
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©

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: Ln igjflrbg y no lagbgeåo
fsnïefaos
:.? Ln igjflrbg y no omefbfstroafñb
mln tlrrftgrfg
Ln igjflrbg mln feplrfg lstojo lb eobgs mln aonfco, qul lro no eïxfeo
outgrfmom pgnåtfao y rlnfifgso. [oro igjlrbor, sl oyumojo mln vfsfr g prf-
elr efbfstrg, ubo plrsgbo ml agb﬏obzo qul mfrfiåo o ngs mleïs cubafg-
borfgs ml no omefbfstroafñb.
No omefbfstroafñb mln tlrrftgrfg agbqufstomg sl griobfzñ lb prgvfb-
afos (dgros), qul lstojob johg no outgrfmom ml ub igjlrbomgr g vonå.
Omleïs, lb tgmos òjåo aomåls g hulals, qul omefbfstrojob hustfafo.
:.: Nos oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos

No oirfaunturo cul no josl ml no lagbgeåo eusuneobo. Lb no portl Qlnng Eobtg
grflbton mln feplrfg, auntfvojob trfig, aljomo, orrgz, onigmñb y aoÿo ml Altrg Nobzo
ozøaor4 lb no portl gaafmlbton fbtrgmuhlrgb prgmuatgs oiråagnos grflbto-
nls, ageg no aoÿo ml ozøaor, ln orrgz, ln onigmñb, ngs aåtrfags, no egrlro, Ngs såejgngs mln pgmlr aonfcon lrob ln sl-
ltaætlro. Omleïs, elhgrorgb ngs obtfiugs sfstleos ml rflig agb no fb- nng mln [rgclto, ln altrg ml lxtrleg aurvg, ln
trgmuaafñb ml bgrfos y aobonls. eobtg y no nobzo.
No ortlsobåo sl rlonfzojo lb plqulÿgs tonnlrls, qul toejfæb vlbmåob ngs
prgmuatgs qul cojrfaojob8 tlhfmgs, oncgejros, topfals, ortåaungs ml aul-
rg, alrïefao, elton, plrcuels y popln.
Ln agelrafg sl jlbl﬏afñ ml no pgsfafñb ilgirï﬏ao mln feplrfg lbtrl
Lurgpo y Grflbtl. Ngs prgmuatgs sl trobspgrtojob pgr tflrro elmfobtl
irobmls aorovobos ml aoelnngs, y pgr eor utfnfzobmg jorags ml vlno.
GAÆOBG
Slrmøb
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O] N Ï B ] F A G Slblafo M o b
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E f
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Grfl
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Agjrl @flrrg ]lhfmgs Lsanovgs [gralnobo Eorcfn GAÆOBG G
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vgaojunorfg
0 Mlcfbl jrlvlelbtl, y utfnfzobmg ngs tærefbgs oml- ?? Agb no oyumo mln eopo ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, lbu-
auomgs, ngs sfiuflbtls agbalptgs8 Aonfco, vfsfr, dg- elro ngs prfbafponls prgmuatgs agb ngs qul agelr-
ros y aomåls. afojob ngs eusuneobls.
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
▾ Fbtlrpr
Fbtlrprltor
ltor ln nlbiuohl ml no feoilb
?: Josïbmgtl lb no feoilb ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, ls-
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs arfjl auïnls lrob ngs såejgngs mln pgmlr aonfcon.
6 Gjslrvo no sfiuflbtl feoilb y, o agbtfbuoafñb, …………………………………………………………
rlmoato ub tlxtg jrlvl mlsarfjflbmg poro quæ sl
utfnfzojo. …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?1 Agepnlto lstl auomrg rlsuelb8
…………………………………
[rgmuatgs oiråagnos …………………………………
fbtrgmuafmgs pgr
…………………………………
ngs eusuneobls lb
Gaafmlbtl …………………………………
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:
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?; Bgejro nos prfbafponls oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos
s
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mln eubmg eusuneïb.
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………………………………………………………… agb ngs qul sl …………………………………
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?1

1 Ln grfifbon ortl eusuneïb

1.? Orquftlaturo y mlagroafñb
No orquftlaturo lepnlñ eotlrfonls pgjrls, ageg ln nomrfnng, ln ylsg y no
eomlro4 y usñ agnuebos y pfnorls ageg sgpgrtls, orags ml `lrromuro, qul Otourfqul
tflblb eïs ml elmfo afraubclrlbafo, y aujflrtos omfbtlnomos y ojgvlmomos.

No mlagroafñb lxtlrfgr ml ngs lmf﬏afgs ls euy sgjrfo, plrg ngs fbtlrfg-
rls sl rlaujråob agb eïregnls, onfaotomgs y pnobaòs ml ylsg y eomlro.
Qus trls egtfvgs prfbafponls culrgb vliltonls lstfnfzomgs (otourfqul), ﬏-
iuros ilgeætrfaos lbtrlnozomos (noalråo) l fbsarfpafgbls agb vlrsåaungs
mln Agrïb (lpfirocåo). Noalråo
1.: No elzqufto eusuneobo

No elzqufto ls ln lmf﬏afg prfbafpon ml ngs eusuneobls. Qu lstruaturo
sl joso lb no aoso ml Eo`geo, lb Elmfbo, y agbsto ml mgs portls8
• Ln potfg ls ub lspoafg ojflrtg, rgmlomg pgr ub pñrtfag. Lb æn sl sftøob
ubo culbtl, mgbml ngs ﬏lnls sl novob y purf﬏aob obtls ml gror, y ubo Lpfirocåo
tgrrl g onefbor mlsml no auon ln oneuæmobg nnoeo o no groafñb.

Lnlelbtgs mlagrotfvgs.
• No sono ml groafñb ls ub lspoafg aujflrtg, mfvfmfmg lb bovls pgr sg-
pgrtls y orags. \bg ml sus eurgs, no qufjno, sl grflbto òafo No Elao y
agbtflbl lb ln albtrg ln ef`roj, ub bfa`g voaåg qul onjlrio ln Agrïb.
Onefbor
Qono ml Culbtl ml nos
groafgbls ojnuafgbls
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▾ Agbgalr eotlrfonls y tæabfaos ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
?= ·_uæ eotlrfonls utfnfzñ no orquftlaturo eusuneo- ?9 Agepnlto lstl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl no orquftla-
bo7 turo eusuneobo.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………
………………………………………………………… Eotlrfonls …………………………………
…………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………
Qgpgrtls …………………………………
▾ Agbgalr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos …………………………………
?< Ml nos sfiuflbtls feïilbls, fbmfao auïn sl agrrls-
pgbml agb ub orag ml `lrromuro y pgr quæ. …………………………………
Orags …………………………………
O J
…………………………………
…………………………………
Aujflrtos …………………………………
…………………………………
…………………………………
Mlagroafñb lxtlrfgr …………………………………
…………………………………
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………
Mlagroafñb fbtlrfgr …………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………
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?3 Lsarfjl S (vlrmomlro) g C (conso) lb aomo crosl8 ?0 Agepnlto ngs lspoafgs lb jnobag ml nos sfiuflbtls
o
l
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crosls8
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g o) No noalråo sgb cfiuros ilgeætrfaos lb- o) Ln potfg ml no elzqufto lstï rgmlomg pgr ub
c
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t trlnozomos. …………………………………
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j) Lb ln potfg sl sftøob ubo ……….........
……….......................
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j) No mlagroafñb fbtlrfgr ml ngs lmfcfafgs ......, mgbml ngs cflnls sl novob y purfcfaob obtls ml
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c
o
a) No ……………………… ls ub lspoafg aujflrtg.
r
i
g
a) No elzqufto ls ln lmfcfafg prfbafpon ml
l
I
. ngs eusuneobls. \bg ml sus eurgs, no ……………………………,
O
.
Q
,
O
sl grflbto òafo No Elao y agbtflbl lb ln albtrg
V
O
B
O

G
m) No lstruaturo ml no elzqufto sl joso lb ln …………………, ub bfa`g voaåg qul onjlrio ln
[
\ no aoso ml Eo`geo lb Elmfbo. Agrïb.
Z
I
©

?<

1 No sgaflmom clumon
? LQAGAFO
Eor
mln
Bgrt l
No
NgsLurgpo clumon
MFBOEOZAO ]rfjus
FZNOBMO ZLFBGQ jïntfaos
?.? gråilbls mln clumonfseg GAÆOBG

IONLQ
YLQQLP
OBING-
QOHGBLQ
ZLFBG Lstomgs lsnovgs
GZFLB]ON
Ln clumonfseg ls ln ræifelb pgnåtfag, lagbñefag y sgafon prlmgefbobtl lb O]NÏB]FAG
O]NÏB]FAG
ZLFBG
CZOBAÆQ IZOB
EGZOSFO
Lurgpo gaafmlbton lbtrl ngs sfings 󰁦󰁰 y 󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦. GAAFMLB]ON
ON]O
ON]O
CZOBALQ JGZIGßO LQ]OMGQ
LQNOSGQ J\NIOZFO
ZLFBGQ
Ln ræifelb clumon boafñ lb ln sfing 󰁦󰁰, auobmg ngs rlyls, fbaopoals ml prgtl- AZFQ]FOBGQ
? :
JOHO
SLZGBO
AZGOAFO
JGZIGßO F]ONFO Eor
Blirg
ilr tgmg su tlrrftgrfg, agb﬏orgb su mlclbso o pgmlrgsgs bgjnls ngaonls qul nls LEFZO]G
1
= LQ]OMGQ
[GB]FCFAFGQ FE[LZFG
ML JFXOB]FBG
hu
huro
rojob
job ﬏mln
﬏mlnfmo
fmomm y oy
oyumo
umo efn
efnft
ftor
or o aoe
aoejf
jfgg mmll agb
agbals
alsfg
fgbl
bls.
s. AÑZMGJO JLBLSLB]G
E o r
Ngs aoeplsfbgs, pgr su portl, jusaorgb no prgtlaafñb ml ngs bgjnls, lbtrl-
iïbmgnls o aoejfg su tflrro g su trojohg. ZLFBGQ FQNÏEFAGQ

E
l
m f t
l r r ï b l g
?.: Ln clumg. Josl ml no lagbgeåo ]lrrftgrfgs lurgplgs o cfbonls mln sfing FP
?. Nl
Nlñb :. [
[o
oepngbo 1. O
Orroiñb =. Agbmomgs
aotonobls
No lagbgeåo clumon lro oirorfo. Ln trojohg sl rlonfzojo lb ngs clumgs g sl-
ÿgrågs, irobmls tlrrftgrfgs plrtlblaflbtls on rly, no bgjnlzo y ln anlrg, qul
agbstojob ml mgs portls8 no rlslrvo slÿgrfon y ngs eobsgs.
• No rlslrvo slÿgrfon lro ln tlrrftgrfg lxpngtomg mfrlatoelbtl poro ln
slÿgr.. Ageprlbmåo su rlsfmlbafo (ln aostfnng g no aoso slÿgrfon), tflrros
slÿgr t flrros
ml auntfvg, promgs agb postgs poro ln iobomg y jgsquls mgbml aozor aozor..
• Ngs eobsgs lrob plqulÿos poralnos lbtrliomos pgr ln slÿgr o ngs aoepl-
sfbgs. O aoejfg, mljåob poiornl ubo portl ml su agslaò, trojohor nos tfl-
rros ml no rlslrvo slÿgrfon oniubgs måos on oÿg y prlstornl aflrtgs slrvfafgs8
mgeæstfags, ml agbstruaafñb, òalr rlporoafgbls, lta. Zlprlslbtoafñb fmlon ml ub clumg.
.
g
m
AOQ]FNNG o
z
ZLQLZSO
ZLQLZSO Q LßGZFON f
r
g
t
u
o
l
n
Jgsqul mln slÿgr j
o
f
p
g
]lrrozos
]lrrozos agb auntfvgs [ostgs a
g
Aoepgs ml auntfvg t
g
c
n
o
f
[ostgs r
ONMLO l
t
Finlsfo o
Egnfbg E
[ulbtl .
G
[rlbso ml plohl Q
L
»
.
:
o
Aorpfbtlråo f
r
[lsaomgrls g
t
s
f
@lrrlråo @
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
l
@ulrto I
.
O
.
EOBQGQ Q
,
O
V
O
B
O

G
[
\
Z
Jorjla`g Aoepgs ml auntfvg I
©

?3

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
? Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs clumonfseg y clumg. 3 Mlsarfjl nos portls ml ub clumg y sus mfstfbtos fbs-
tonoafgbls. Oyømotl ml lsto fnustroafñb y ml no qul
……………………………………………………………… oporlal lb no pïifbo obtlrfgr.
………………………………………………………………
LQ_\LEO MLN CL\MG
………………………………………………………………
Jgsqul
………………………………………………………………
Aostfnng
………………………………………………………………
ZLQLZSO QLßGZFON

: ·Lbtrl quæ sfings ml no Lmom Elmfo sl mlsorrgnnñ ln
clumonfseg7 EOBQGQ
Onmlo
………………………………………………………………
1 ·[gr quæ surifñ ln ræifelb clumon7
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
▾ Zlsgnvlr prgjnleos ………………………………………………………………

= Aonauno auïbtgs sfings murñ ln rlifelb clumon lb ………………………………………………………………
Lurgpo.
.
g
m
………………………………………………………………
o
f
r
z
g
t
u
o
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
l
n
j
o
f
………………………………………………………………
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
……………………………………………………………… ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
9 Ln tlrrftgrfg ml no Lurgpo clumon lstojo mfvfmfmg lb
.
G buelrgsgs rlfbgs y lstomgs fbmlplbmflbtls. Bge-
Q
L ▾ Zlnoafgbor prgjnleos
»
.
: jro oniubgs agb oyumo mln eopo ml no pïifbo ob-
o
f
r
g
t
< Agepnlto no mlcfbfafñb agb ln tærefbg agrrlatg8 tlrfgr.
s
f
@
l
o
å
c
o
o) Ln tlrrftgrfg lxpngtomg mfrlatoelbtl poro ln slÿgr ………………………………………………………………
r
i
g
l agbstftuåo no …………………………………………
I
.
O
.
………………………………………………………………
Q
,
O
………………………………………………………..
V
B
O
O

G
j) Nos poralnos lbtrliomos pgr ln slÿgr o ngs aoe- ………………………………………………………………
[
\
Z
plsfbgs sgb ngs ……………………………………. ………………………………………………………………
I
©

?9

: No sgaflmom y nos rlnoafgbls [ZFSFNLIFOMGQ

[opo
plrsgbonls Zly
:.? No sgaflmom lstoelbton

No sgaflmom clumon sl mfvfmåo lb trls lstoelbtgs g irupgs sgafonls o
ngs qul sl plrtlblaåo pgr boafeflbtg, lxalpt
lxalptgg lb ln aosg mln anlrg. Aomo
lstoelbtg mlsleplÿojo ubo cubafñb lb no sgaflmom. Onto bgjnlzo Ontg anlrg
• No bgjnlzo mlclbmåo o no sgaflmom.
• Ln anlrg grojo pgr no sonvoafñb ml no ùeobfmom.
• Ngs trojohomgrls, lb su eoygråo aoeplsfbgs, trojohojob poro eobtl-
blr o ngs gtrgs mgs irupgs hubtg o ortlsobgs y agelrafobtls.
No bgjnlzo y ln anlrg lrob lstoelbtgs prfvfnlifomgs8 bg trojohojob, bg
poiojob fepulstgs, igzojob ml nlyls lsplafonls y gaupojob lb lxanusf-
vo aflrtgs aorigs. Ngs trojohomgrls aorlaåob ml prfvfnlifgs.
prfvfnlifgs.
Joho bgjnlzo Johg anlrg
:.: Nos rlnoafgbls ml mlplbmlbafo

Lb æpgao clumon, tgmos nos plrsgbos lstojob ubfmos lbtrl så pgr nozgs ml
mlplbmlbafo plrsgbon. [lrg lstos rlnoafgbls lrob mfstfbtos, sliøb plrtl-
blaflrob o ubg u gtrg lstoelbtg.
•Nos rlnoafgbls clumg-vosonnïtfaos lrob poatgs qul sl s l lstojnlaåob lbtrl
ln rly y ngs irobmls bgjnls g lanlsfïstfags y lbtrl lstgs y gtrgs bgjnls BG [ZFSFNLIFOMGQ
ml elbgr robig.
robig. Lrob poatgs ml onfobzo efnftor o aoejfg ml agbalsfg-
bls lagbñefaos, qul fbanuåob mgs lnlelbtgs8 ln vosonnohl y ln clumg.
Ortlsobgs
‑ Ln vosonnohl lro ln oatg pgr ln auon ub `gejrl sl pgbåo johg no ml-
plbmlbafo ml gtrg y sl agbvlrtåo lb su vosonng.
‑ Ln clumg lro no agbalsfñb rlonfzomo pgr ln slÿgr o su vosonng, ilbl-
ronelbtl ubo irob agbalsfñb ml tflrro.
On prfbafpfg, lstgs poatgs oaojojob agb no eulrtl ml ubo ml nos por- Aoeplsfbgs Qflrvgs
tls4 plrg, agb ln tflepg, sl `faflrgb `lrlmftorfgs.
•Nos rlnoafgbls slÿgrfonls sl lstojnlaåob lbtrl ngs aoeplsfbgs y ngs Ngs lstoelbtgs.
.
g
m
o
f
r
z
slÿgrls. Ngs aoeplsfbgs rlafjåob prgtlaafñb mln slÿgr. O aoejfg, ln g
t
u
slÿgr sl omulÿojo ml sus tflrros y tlbåo mlrla`gs sgjrl lnngs, ageg o
l
n
j
mfator ñrmlbls, agjror fepulstgs y omefbfstror
o mefbfstror hustfafo. o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
o
m o on aoep l
f
n l
l s f
b g
b QLßGZ ]rojohg
]rojohg lb no rlslrvo slÿgrfon r
l
t
ÿ g r o
s l

n s E
L .
[rgtlaafñ
fñb
b Hustfa
fafo
fo G
Q
L
»
.
:
o
Qlÿgrls y aoeplsfbgs. f
r
g
t
s
f
AOE[LQFBG
Nos rlnoafgbls slÿgrfonls rliunojob nos gjnf- @
l
ioafgbls lbtrl slÿgrls y aoeplsfbgs, cul- o
å
c
o
r
rob lstgs nfjrls (vfnnobgs) g sflrvgs.
sflr vgs. i
g
l
Fepulstgs I
Ln slÿgr nls mojo prgtlaafñb, hustfafo y plr- .
O
.
Q
Lbtrlio ml portl efsg poro trojohor no tflrro. ,
O
ml no agslaò V
B
O
O aoejfg, ln aoeplsfbg lstojo gjnfiomg o O

[lrefsg poro
trojohor no rlslrvo slÿgrfon, lbtrliornl ubo G
[
trojohor no tflrro G j n
b g
p l s f portl ml su agslaò y poior ngs nnoeomgs \
n f fi

i
oafgbls m l n a o e Z
I
fepulstgs slÿgrfonls. ©

?0

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Fbtlrpr
Fbtlrprltor
ltor ln nlbiuohl ml no feoilb
0 Mlcfbl jrlvlelbtl lstgs tærefbgs8 lstoelbtgs, ?: Agb oyumo ml no fnustroafñb agrrlspgbmflbtl, fbmf-
rlnoafgbls clumg-vosonnïtfaos y rlnoafgbls slÿg- ao quæ nl mojo ln slÿgr on vosonng, y lstl on slÿgr
rfonls. lb ln oatg ml vosonnohl.
………………………………………………………… Ln slÿg
slÿgrr nnll m
moo oonn vvos
oson
onng
ng Ln voson
osonng
ng nl mo on slÿg
slÿgrr
…………………………………………………………
……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………………………………………
……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………………………………………
……………………………… ………………………………
………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………
…………………………………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
?1 Lxpnfao, agb tus prgpfos ponojros y agb oyumo mln
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao tlxtg y no fnustroafñb, lb quæ agbsfståob nos rlnoafg-
6 Lsarfjl ngs bgejrls ml ngs lstoelbtgs lb ngs qul bls lbtrl ngs slÿgrls y ngs aoeplsfbgs.
sl mfvfmåo no sgaflmom clumon.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?; ·Auïnls lrob ngs lstoelbtgs prfvfnlifomgs y quæ …………………………………………………………
prfvfnlifgs tlbåob7
………………………………………………………… ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
.
g
………………………………………………………… ?= Agngao aomo irupg sgafon lb su nuior agrrlspgb-
m
o
f
r
z
g
t
u
o
………………………………………………………… mflbtl8
sflrvgs,ontg
ontoanlrg, johgyanlrg,
bgjnlzo anl rg, plqulÿo bgjnlzo, rly,
aoeplsfbgs.
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o ?? Fbmfao nos crosls vlrmomlros (S) y nos consos (C)8 …………………………
E
.
G
…………………………
Q
L
»
.
: o) Lb æpgao clumon tgmos nos plrsgbos ls- Lstoelbtgs
o
f
r
g
t tojob ubfmos pgr nozgs ml mlplbmlbafo. ………………………… prfvfnlifomgs
s
f
@
l
…………………………
o
å
c
o
r
i
g j) Lbtrl ln rly y ngs bgjnls bg lxfståo bfb- …………………………
l
I
.
O
iubo rlnoafñb ml vosonnohl. …………………………
.
Q
,
O
V
B
O
O

G
a) Nos rlnoafg
rlnoafgbls
bls slÿgr
slÿgrfonls
fonls sl lstojnl- …………………………
………………………… Lstoelbtgs
prfvfnlifomgsbg
[
\
Z
aåob lbtrl aoeplsfbgs.
I
©

?6

1 Ln ortl rgeïbfag Orqufvgntos
Ln rgeïbfag cul ln lstfng ortåstfag prgpfg mln clumonfseg, qul sl mlso-

rrgnnñ lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁦. Ql nl agbsfmlro ln prfelr lstfng elmflvon fbtlrbo- ]grrl
afgbon, puls sus rosigs sgb

s gb ageubls lb tgmo Lurgpo. o
m
o
]åepobg t
r
g
[
No orquftlaturo
orquftlaturo rgeïbfao
]grrl
1.? Mfbtln
Agbtroculrtl
Nos aoroatlråstfaos
eurgs ml no orquftlaturo
irulsgs rlcgrzomgs rgeïbfao
agb agbtroculrtls sgb8 usgagnuebos
lxtlrfgrls4 ml no pflmro4
y pf-
Hoejos 1 Aopfnnos ojsfmfonls
[ortlnuz
norls aruafcgrels4 orags ml elmfg pubtg4 bovls aujflrtos agb jñvlmo
ml aoÿñb g agb jñvlmo ml orfsto4 pgaos vlbtobos, l fbtlrfgrls gsaurgs.
No finlsfo cul ln lmf﬏afg prfbafpon. Qgnåob tlblr pnobto ml aruz notfbo,
bovls slporomos pgr orqulråos, bovl trobsvlrson y aojlalro agb vorfgs No pgrtomo rgeïbfao.
ïjsfmls. Nos ml plrlirfboafñb tlbåob, omleïs, ubo trfjubo g sliubmg
pfsg sgjrl nos bovls notlronls poro oagilr o eïs ﬏lnls, y ubo ifrgno g
bovl slefafraunor qul rgmlojo ln ontor eoygr y plreftåo o ngs plrlirf- [nobto
bgs trobsftor pgr no finlsfo.
1
No lsaunturo y no pfbturo rgeïbfaos

rgeïbfaos
1
1.: m
l
g
Bovl notlron
Bovl
f
o
n
t
p
l
notlron
g
1 r s Bovl albtron
Nos lsaunturos
lsa unturos y pfbturos rgeïbfaos grboelbtojob nos finlsfos y auepnåob
b
f
s I o

r
]
j
ubo cubafñb mfmïatfao8 lbslÿor no mgatrfbo arfstfobo on puljng o trovæs ml Bovl notlron

Ï
1
feïilbls. Nos ﬏iuros sgb råifmos y lxprlsfvos. 1
Ngs tleos rlprlslbtomgs sgb, sgjrl tgmg, lsalbos ml no Jfjnfo y ml no vfmo

ml Arfstg. ]oejfæb
]oejfæb sgjrl ln ﬏b mln eubmg, ageg ln Hufafg Cfbon prlsfmfmg
Onzomg
pgr ln [obtgarït
[obtgarïtgrgr g ]gmgpgmlrgsg.
• No lsaunturo opnfaomo o no orquftlaturo sl sftuojo lb nos pgrtomos ml lb-
tromo y lb ngs aopftlnls ml nos finlsfos y ngs anoustrgs. No lsaunturo lxlb-
to sl rlonfzojo lb eomlro pgnfargeomo g lb eor﬏n, y sgnåo rlprlslbtor o
Arfstg aruaf﬏aomg y o no Sfrilb. ]rfjubo
• No pfbturo sl rlonfzojo sgjrl ngs eurgs fbtlrfgrls ml nos finlsfos g sgjrl

tojnos. Ql aoroatlrfzo pgr ln lepnlg ml ub irulsg mfjuhg blirg, y pgr ln
usg ml agngrls pnobgs y ubfcgrels, agb prlmgefbfg mln ozun y mln rghg. Bovl .
g
m
albtron o
f
r
z
g
t
u
o
Fbtlrfgr l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
o
]rfjubo f
r
l
t
o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
l
Bovl Bovl I
.
albtron notlron O
.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O

G
[
\
Z
I
Arfstg jlbmfaflbmg lbtrl sobtgs, pfbturo rgeïbfao ml no aotlmron ml Oibobf, lb Ftonfo. Qobto Cl ml Agbquls. ©

:;

\BFMOM

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
?< Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8 ?0 O portfr ml nos fnustroafgbls fbclrfgrls y mln tlxtg,
lxpnfao quæ sfstleos ml aujflrto ml bovls sl le-
o) ·Lbtrl quæ sfings sl mlsorrgnnñ ln lstfng rgeï- pnlorgb lb no orquftlaturo rgeïbfao.
bfag7
…………………………………………………………
j) ·[gr quæ sl agbsfmlro ln prfelr lstfng elmflvon
fbtlrboafgbon7
…………………………………………………………
▾ Ageprlbmlr tæabfaos y rlaursgs lxprlsfvgs

?3 Agngao aomo ubo ml lstos aoroatlråstfaos lb su
nuior agrrlspgbmflbtl8 o) råifmos y lxprlsfvos4 j)
Jfjnfo4 a) cubafñb mfmïatfao4 m) Hufafg Cfbon.
Cfiuros ]leos
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?9 Lsarfjl S (vlrmomlro) g C (conso) lb aomo crosl8
…………………………………………………………
o) No orquftlaturo rgeïbfao uso no pflmro
ageg eotlrfon prfbafpon. ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
.
g
m
?6 Agepnlto ngs sfiuflbtls auomrgs rlsuelb8
o
f
r
z
g
t j) Ngs lmfcfafgs tflblb eurgs mlniomgs y
u
o
l
n
bg blalsftob rlculrzgs lxtlrbgs. Orquftlaturo rgeïbfao
j
o
f
p ZLC\LZXG
g
a EO]LZFON QG[GZ]LQ A\JFLZ]OQ
g LP]LZBG
t
g
c
n
a) Ln lmfcfafg prfbafpon rgeïbfag ls no finl-
o
f ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑
r
l
t sfo.
o
E ‑ ‑
.
G
Q ‑
L
»
.
: m) No ifrgno ls ub pfsg qul sfrvl poro oag-
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
ilr o eïs cflnls lb nos finlsfos.
@ Lsaunturo y pfbturo rgeïbfaos
l
o
å
c
o LQA\N]\ZO O[NFAOMO LQA\N]\ZO LPLB]O [FB]\ZO
r
i
g
l
l) Nos lsaunturos y nos pfbturos rgeïbf
rgeïbfaos
aos
I
. auepnåob ubo cubafñb mfmïatfao. Ql ngaonfzo lb8 Zlprlslbto o8 Ql aoroatlrfzo pgr8
O
.
Q
,
‑ ‑ ‑
O
V
O
B
O

G
c) No pfbturo sl rlonfzojo sgjrl ngs eurgs ‑
‑
‑ ‑
[
\
Z
fbtlrfgrls ml nos finlsfos g sgjrl tojnos.
I
©

:?

= No plbåbsuno
fjærfao lbtrl
ngs sfings SFFF y PF
Ln fsnoe lb no plbåbsuno fjærfao (9??-?;1?)
?;1?
?;;:
Boafeflbtg ml
ngs rlfbgs ml tofcos
Eulrtl
ml Oneobzgr
O 690-?;;:
J Qoqulgs
690 G ml Oneobzgr
M
Z
Ñ
A
63? Onòdæb FF, aonfco
? On-Ïbmonus
L
M

Agbqufsto y lvgnuafñb mln tlrrftgrfg

?.? tlrrftgrfg G
]
O
C
F
No agbqufsto eusuneobo ml no [lbåbsuno sl fbfafñ lb ln oÿg 9?? pgr ln N
O
lstrla`g ml Ifjrontor ageg ubo lxplmfafñb ml soqulg mfrfifmo pgr ]o- A
rfq. [lrg, lb auotrg oÿgs, ngs eusuneobls ngirorgb mgefbor no eoygr
portl mln tlrrftgrfg plbfbsunor, on qul mlbgefbor
mlbgefborgb
gb on-Ïbmonus. 613
Ageflbzo no agbstruaafñb
ml Elmfbo Ozoòro
]ros no agbqufsto, on-Ïbmonus sl agbvfrtfñ lb ubo prgvfbafo g lefrotg 6:6 Ojmlrroeïb FFF, aonfco
mlplbmflbtl pgnåtfao y rlnfifgsoelbtl mln aonfcotg gelyo ml Moeosag,

auyo aopfton sl ﬏hñ lb Añrmgjo. Lb ln oÿg 9<3, agb Ojmlrroeïb F, sl
agbvfrtfñ lb lefrotg fbmlplbmflbtl mln aonfcotg ojoså ml Joimom (9<3-
6:6). Cfbonelbtl, lb 6:6, agb Ojmlrroeïb FFF, posñ o slr ub aonfcotg
Ngs arfstfobgs
061 agbqufstob Xoegro
fbmlplbmflbtl pgnåtfao y rlnfifgsoelbtl ml Joimom (6:6-?;1?).
L
Cul lstl ln plrågmg ml eoygr lspnlbmgr ml on-Ïbmonus, lb ln qul Añr- 006
]
Ojmlrroeïb
Ojmlrroe ïb FFF
eosoaro o ngs eunomåls
mgjo sl agbvfrtfñ lb no prfbafpon afumom ml Gaafmlbtl. O no eulrtl ml B
Oneobzgr, gaurrfmo lb ?;;:, ln aonfcotg lbtrñ lb ubo irovl arfsfs. L

F
M
Lb ?;1?, ngs igjlrbomgrls ml nos prgvfbafos sl mlanororgb fbmlplb- B
mflbtls y ln aonfcotg sl mlsfbtlirñ lb vlfbtfga`g rlfbgs fbmlplbmflb
fbmlplbmflbtls
tls 0<:
L
Zljlnfñb eunomå
[
g tofcos. L
M
B
?.: Ln igjflrbg, no lagbgeåo y no sgaflmom F

G
Ln igjflrbg ml on-Ïbmonus lstuvg prfelrg lb eobgs ml lefrls g ig- 0?<
] Aorngeoibg arlo
no Eorao @fspïbfao
jlrbomgrls bgejromgs pgr ln aonfco ml Moeosag, qul tlbåob ln pgmlr O
Z .
pgnåtfag. Mlspuæs, posñ o ngs aonfcos, qul agbalbtrorgb ngs pgmlrls pg- F Aorngeoibg g
m
o
0;? agbqufsto Joralngbo f
r
z
nåtfag y rlnfifgsg. Igjlrbojob agb oyumo ml cubafgborfgs, lbtrl ngs qul E
L
g
t
u
o
mlstoañ ln prfelr efbfstrg g òa`fj.
ò a`fj. Aorngeoibg agbqufsto Ifrgbo.
Ql fbfafo no agbstruaafñb ml
l
n
j
o
f
90< no elzqufto ml Añrmgjo p
No lagbgeåo lro oirorfo y urjobo. Lb ln aoepg sl proatfaojo no oirf- g
a
g
t
g
aunturo ml slaobg (alrlonls, vfm y gnfvg) y no ml rliomåg (prgmuatgs ml c
n
o
f
r
ùlrto y crutonls ageg borobho y nfeñb). ]oejfæb sl arfojob agrmlrgs, l
t
o
E
aojonngs y iusobgs ml slmo. Lb nos afumomls sl mlsorrgnnorgb no ortlsobåo Ojmlrroeïb F
.
G
Q
9<3 Lefrotg fbmlplbmflbtl L
(tlhfmgs alrïefao, arfston, eor﬏n, aulrg) y ln agelrafg (lsplafos, grg, »
.
:
eor﬏n, lsanovgs). L

o
f
r
g
t
s
] f
@
B
No sgaflmom sl griobfzñ lb mgs irupgs8 L
F
l
o
å
c
M o
r
•No orfstgaroafo, cgreomo pgr ngs agbqufstomgrls jlrljlrls y ïrojls. B
L
i
g
l
[ I
Lstgs øntfegs gaupojob ngs ontgs
o ntgs aorigs ml no omefbfstroafñb y ln lh
lhær-
ær- L
M
.
O
.
Q
aftg y pgslåob lxtlbsos prgpf
prgpflmomls.
lmomls. G
]
,
O
V
O O
B
Z
• No eoso pgpunor fbanuåo o ngs òjftobt
òjftobtls
ls `fspobgvfsfigmgs mln aoepg F
E
O

G
[
y ml no afumom. Oniubgs eobtuvflrgb su rlnfifñb arfstfobo (egzïro- L Fbfafg ml no agbqufsto \
Z
9?? ml no [lbåbsuno I
jls)4 gtrgs, lb aoejfg, sl agbvfrtflrgb on fsnoe (eunomåls). ©

::

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
? Mlcfbl lstgs tærefbgs8 on-Ïbmonus, lefrls, egzïro- < Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl lhl argbgnñifag agb ngs bge-
jls y eunomåls. jrls ml nos ltopos ml no `fstgrfo ml on-Ïbmonus y su
argbgngiåo.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
s
……………………………………………………………… o
p
o
t
L
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
? s
? o
9 `
a
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao l
C
: Agbtlsto o lstos aulstfgbls. 3 Gjslrvo ln eopo ml no agbqufsto eusuneobo ml no

o) ·Lb quæ sfing sl fbfafñ no agbqufsto ml no plbåb- [lbåbsuno l fbmfao no ruto qul sfiufñ ]orfq.
suno fjærfao7 rs
fl
Bfels
Ifhñb ft ZLFBG ]gngso
g
[ CZOBAG
Zgbalsvonnls U T O
……………………………………………………………… G
Nuig
Nlñb Oeoyo [oepngbo [lrtùs U T
A Ostgrio
F 9?= @ulsao Ifrgbo
]
j) ·Lb quæ oÿg sl fbfaforgb ln lefrotg fbmlplbmflb- B Xoroigzo Nnlfmo Joralngbo
Ï 9?= ]orroigbo
tl y ln aonfcotg7 N Qligyulno Iuomonohoro
] 9?1
O FE[LZFG
………………………………………………………………
]gnlmg 9?: JFXOB]FBG
g
Eærfmo AONFCO]G l
G GELVO b
9?1 ï
B r
]umefr r
▾ Zlsgnvlr prgjnleos O
Æ Qlvfnno
Añrmgjo Eurafo
m f t
l
Æafho l
A E
1 Aonauno auïbtgs oÿgs murorgb ln lefrotg fbmlplb-
9?:
o r
G Iuomonltl Irobomo E
9?? Elmfbo Qfmgbfo
mflbtl y ln aonfcotg ml Añrmgjo. ]orfco Ifjrontor
]orfd (9??-9?:) ; ?;; :;; de
Euzo (9?:-9?=)
……………………………………………………………… Mgefbfg eusuneïb lb 91: Ojm ln Ozfz (9?1-9?=)
(9?1-9?=)
]orfd y Euzo (9?1-9?=)
]lrrftgrfg arfstfobg fbmlplbmflbtl
Qualsgrls ml ]orfd y Euzo (9?3-91:)
]lrrftgrfg arfstfobg outñbgeg
Jotonno 9?: Claò ml no agbqufsto
.
g
m
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls sgeltfmg o ngs eusuneobls
o
f
r
z
g
t
u
o
= Zlnoafgbo lstgs tærefbgs agb no oirfaunturo ml sl- ………………………………………………………………
l
n
j
aobg g ml rliomåg8 crutonls, vfm, gnfvg, prgmuatgs ml
o
f
p
g
a
ùlrto, alrlonls
alrlonls.. ………………………………………………………………
g
t
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t Qlaobg Zliomåg ………………………………………………………………
o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
9 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg rlsuelb agb no fbcgr-
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@ eoafñb mln tlxtg y nos fnustroafgbls.
l
o
å
c
o
r
i @la`gs
g Ltopo Argbgngiåo
l
I mlstoaomgs
.
O
.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O

G
[
\
Z
I
©

:1

: Ngs bøanlgs arfstfobgs ml

rlsfstlbafo (9::-?;1<)
:.? Ln tflepg y ln lspoafg (9::-?;1<)
Lb nos ïrlos egbtoÿgsos plbfbsunorls qul lsaoporgb on mgefbfg eusun-
eïb sl griobfzorgb, o portfr mln sfing 󰁳󰁦󰁦󰁦, vorfgs bøanlgs ml rlsfstlbafo
arfstfobo.
• Lb no agrmfnnlro Aobtïjrfao, o prfbafpfgs mln sfing 󰁳󰁦󰁦󰁦 sl cgreñ ln rlf-
bg ml Osturfos, agb aopfton lb Gvflmg, qul sl cul oepnfobmg òsto ln
Mulrg. Lb ln oÿg 6?=, Grmgÿg FF trosnomñ no aopfton o Nlñb, grfifbob-
mgsl oså ln rlfbg ml Nlñb. Mlbtrg ml lstl, ln agbmomg ml Aostfnno sl
agbvfrtfñ, agb ln tflepg, lb ub rlfbg fbmlplbmflbtl (?;1<) cgreobmg
ln rlfbg ml Aostfnno y Nlñb tros no oblxfñb mln tlrrftgrfg nlgbæs.
• Lb ngs [frfblgs sl cgreorgb vorfgs bøanlgs ml rlsfstlbafo crlbtl o ngs
eusuneobls, qul mflrgb nuior o ngs rlfbgs ml [oepngbo, Oroiñb y
ngs agbmomgs aotonobls, ngs auonls sucrflrgb nos prlsfgbls ml ngs crob-
ags pgr ln bgrtl y ml ngs eusuneobls pgr ln sur.
E o r A o b t ï j r f a g
AGBMOMG
Ifhñb
Aobios
ML AOQ]FNNO ZLFBG CZOBAG
G Gvflmg ml Gbås
A QGJZOZJL
F Agvomgbio Zgbalsvonnls
] Nuig 9:: ZLFBG ML
Qobtfoig
0;; [OE[NGBO OZOIÑB ZFJOIGZXO
B
Ï Nlñb
0<= Sftgrfo- [oepngbo
N Iostlfz
\riln
] Ostgrio Qoòiøb
Hoao Oåbso
Zgmo
O 0<= 00? Jurigs Bïhlro
6:1
00=
Qob [lmrg
AGBMOMGQ Sfa
090
G ml Aormlÿo AO]ONOBLQ Ifrgbo
B 006 90<
Jroio Qfeobaos
O Xoegro 066 Gseo
Æ 061 L Joralngbo
Mulrg 6?: j r
g
A Gpgrtg ]grg 0;?
030 6;; Qlpønvlmo
G 6=;
O N - Ï B M O N \ Q l g
r ï
b
r
t l
0;; Claò ml no tgeo ml no afumom
l
m f .
g
m
E o
Lxpobsfñb mln rlfbg Jotonno f

r
z
]flrros gaupomos lbosturnlgbæs
9:: ]flrros gaupomos òsto 033 Nåeftl lbtrl ngs tlrrftgrfgs o r
g
t
u
]flrros gaupomos òsto 9<; ]flrros gaupomos òsto 6?: arfstfobgs y eusuneobls E o
l
n
; <; ?;; ?<; :;; de j
]flrros gaupomos òsto 90; Agbmomg ml Aostfnno lb 6?: o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
Ngs rlfbgs arfstfobgs o prfbafpfgs mln sfing P. c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
No griobfzoafñb ml ngs bøanlgs

bøanlgs arfstfobgs
.
:.: G
Q
L
»
.
:
Ln pgmlr lb ngs bøanlgs arfstfobgs lstuvg lb eobgs ml rlyls, g ml agb- o
f
r
g
t
s
mls lb ln aosg aotonïb, qul agbalbtror
agbalbtrorgbgb tgmg ln pg
pgmlr
mlr.. f
@
l
o
No lagbgeåo sl josñ lb nos oatfvfmomls oirorfos8 iobomlråo lb nos ïrlos å
c
o
r
i
egbtoÿgsos y oirfaunturo lb nos eïs nnobos. Nos oatfvfmomls urjobos, g
l
I
.
ageg no ortlsobåo y ln agelrafg, culrgb lsaosos, mljfmg on toeoÿg rlmu- O
.
Q
,
afmg ml nos afumomls. O
V
O
B
No sgaflmom agbtñ agb buelrgsgs aoeplsfbgs prgpfltorfgs, qul sl fbsto- O

G
norgb lb nos tflrros agbqufstomos o ngs eusuneobls. Hubtg o lnngs lxfståob [
\
Z
I
irupgs ml pgmlrgsgs, cgreomgs pgr bgjnls y ontgs aorigs ml no Finlsfo. ©

:=

\BFMOM

▾ Ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb lb ln lspoafg j) No lagbgeåo ml ngs rlfbgs arfstfobgs
0 Lsarfjl ngs bgejrls ml ngs mfclrlbtls bøanlgs ml sl josñ, sgjrl tgmg, lb nos oatfvfmomls
rlsfstlbafo arfstfobgs. urjobos.
No plbåbsuno fjærfao
fjærfao o prfbafpfgs ml sfing PF
a) No sgaflmom agbtñ agb buelrgsgs aoe-
plsfbgs prgpfltorfgs.
= < 3
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
1
?
9 ?? Agb oyumo ml no fnustroafñb
fnus troafñb fbclrf
fbclrfgr,
gr, rlmoato ub tlx
tlx--
: tg jrlvl mlsarfjflbmg no vfmo ml ngs aoeplsfbgs
plbfbsunorls ml no æpgao. [gb otlbafñb lsplafon o
no rgpo (?), no vfvflbmo (:) y nos torlos oirorfos (1).
:
1
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao …………………………………………………………

. 6 Agbtlsto o nos sfiuflbtls prliubtos8
g
m
o
…………………………………………………………
f
r
z
g
t
u
o) ·Lb quæ zgbos ml no [lbåbsuno suriflrgb ngs
o …………………………………………………………
l
n
j
o
prfelrgs bøanlgs arfstfobgs ml rlsfstlbafo7
rlsfstlbafo7
f
p
g
a
g
t ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
E
.
G
Q
L
»
o) ·Auïbtgs bøanlgs ml rlsfstlbafo sl cgreorgb7
.
: ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
o
f
r
g
t
…………………………………………………………
s
f
@ ?: Agepnlto ngs lspoafgs lb jnobag ml lsto crosl8
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls No ........................ml ngs bøanlgs arfstfobgs sl
l
I
.
O
.
?; Lsarfjl vlrmomlrg (S) g consg (C) hubtg o aomo josñ lb nos oatfvfmomls oirorfos8 ........................
Q
,
O
V
crosl8 lb nos ïrlos egbtoÿgsos y ......... .............
.... lb nos zg-
O
B
O

G
o) Ln pgmlr lb ngs bøanlgs arfstfobgs lstu- bos eïs nnobos. Nos oatfvfmomls urjobos, ageg no
[
\
Z
vg lb eobgs ml rlyls. .........................
......................... y ln .....................,
....................., culrgb lsaosos.
I
©

:<

1 Ln nliomg ortåstfag
1.? Ln ortl aonfcon
Nos eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos eïs fepgrtobtls ml no æpgao aonfcon cul-
rgb no elzqufto ml Añrmgjo y ln ponoafg ml Elmfbo Ozoòro.
• No elzqufto ml Añrmgjo sl agbstruyñ lb vorfos cosls (sfings 󰁳󰁦󰁦󰁦-󰁰).
Ln lmf﬏afg ng fbfafñ Ojmlrroeïb F y ng oepnforgb Ojmlrroeïb FF, On
@odlb FF y Oneobzgr, o elmfmo qul arlaåo no pgjnoafñb. No sono ml
groafñb agbsto ml vorfos bovls, slporomos pgr orqulråos mgjnls (orags
ml `lrromuro y slefafraunorls) qul sgstflblb ub tla`g omfbtlnomg.
• Ln ponoafg ml Elmfbo Ozoòro cgreojo portl ml ubo afumom-ponoafg
agbstrufmo pgr Ojmlrroeïb FFF lb ln sfing 󰁰.
1.: Ln ortl rgeïbfag

Ln rgeïbfag cul no prfbafpon eobfclstoafñb ortåstfao lb ngs bøanlgs arfs-
tfobgs.
No orquftlaturo sl mlsorrgnnñ lb ln cgag aotonïb (Qob Anlelbtl y Qobto
Eoråo ml ]oùnn lb Nnlfmo) y o ng norig mln Aoefbg ml Qobtfoig (Qob
Fsfmgrg ml Nlñb y aotlmron ml Qobtfoig ml Agepgstlno). No lsaunturo y
no pfbturo sl sftuorgb lb nos pgrtomos y lb ln fbtlrfgr ml nos finlsfos.
Ortl aonfcon Ortl rgeïbfag
Onefbor
[otfg
_ufjno
.
g
m
Qono ml o
f
z
Ef`roj groafñb r
g
t
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
Elzqufto ml Añrmgjo. Qob Eortåb ml Crñefsto. p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
l
I
.
O
.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O

G
[
\
No suplrpgsfafñb ml orags. Jñvlmo aonfcon ml blrvfgs. Qob Anlelbtl ml ]oùnn. Z
I
©
:3

\BFMOM

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
?1 Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8 ?9 Agepnlto ngs rlauomrgs agb ngs bgejrls ml nos
portls ml no elzqufto ml Añrmgjo.
o) ·Auïnls culrgb nos mgs eobfcl
eobfclstoafgbls
stoafgbls ortåstf-
aos eïs fepgrtobtls mln ortl aonfcon7 ?.
:.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
j) ·Lbtrl quæ sfings sl agbstruyñ no elzqufto ml
Añrmgjo7
…………………………………………………………
▾ Ageprlbmlr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos

?= Mlsarfjl añeg ls no jñvlmo aonfcon ml blrvfgs qul
eulstro no fnustroafñb ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr.
1. =. <.
…………………………………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
…………………………………………………………
?0 Mlsarfjl jrlvlelbtl lsto pfbturo rgeïbfao.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?< Lsarfjl vlrmomlrg (S) g consg (C) lb aomo crosl8
.
g
m
o
f
z
r
g
t
u
o) No elzqufto ml Añrmgjo sl agbstruyñ
o
l
n
j
lb vorfos cosls.
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
j) Ln ponoafg ml Elmfbo Ozoòro cul eob-
o
f
r
l
t
o
momg agbstrufr pgr Ojmlrroeïb F.
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
: ▾ Grmlbor fbcgreoafñb tlepgron …………………………………………………………
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@
?3 Grmlbo argbgnñifaoelbtl, mlsml ln eïs obtfiug …………………………………………………………
l
o
å òsto ln eïs rlaflbtl, ngs rlspgbsojnls ml nos
c
o
r …………………………………………………………
i
g
l
oepnfoafgbls ml no elzqufto
elz qufto ml Añrmgjo8 Oneob-
I
.
O
.
zgr, Ojmlrroeïb F, On @odlb FF y Ojmlrroeïb FF. …………………………………………………………
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
G
[
\
Z ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
I
©

:9

< Afumom, juriulsåo

juriulsåo
y aotlmronls
ZG]OAFÑB ML A\N]FSGQ
]rfig Ovlbo Jorjla`g
? No lxpobsfñb
y sus oirorfo
oirorfo
agbslaulbafos
Zgtoafñb jflbon

Oÿg
?
?.? Nos fbbgvoafgbls tæabfaos

Lbtrl ngs sfings 󰁰󰁦 y 󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦, no lagbgeåo lurgplo lxplrfelbtñ ub culrtl
arlafeflbtg, mljfmg, sgjrl tgmg, on prgirlsg ml nos oatfvfmomls oirorfos
y o no mfcusfñb lb ngs aoepgs lurgplgs mln oromg ml vlrtlmlro y ml no
rgtoafñb trflbon. Oÿg
:
• Ln oromg ml vlrtlmlro plreftåo rlegvlr y ofrlor elhgr no tflrro. Lro

eïs plsomg qul ln oromg rgeobg, ml o`å qul blalsftoro rulmos y qul, Lb no rgtoafñb jflbon, no tflrro sl mfvfml lb
poro orrostrorng, agelbzorob
agelbzorob o utfnfzorsl aojonngs lb nuior ml julyls. mgs `ghos lb nos qul sl sualmlb ln auntfvg
•
ml trfig u gtrg alrlon y ln jorjla`g.
No rgtoafñb
u `ghos. trflbon
Lb aomo agbsfståo
ubo rgtojoblbaomo
mfvfmfr
oÿglnalrlonls,
tlrrlbg auntfvomg lb trls portlsy
ovlbo g nliuefbgsos Zgtoafñb trflbon
jorjla`g, pgr ng qul sl mlhojo sfb auntfvor sgng ub tlrafg ml no tflrro.
Gtros fbbgvoafgbls tæabfaos culrgb no agnnlro y no `lrromuro eltïnfao. Oÿg
]oejfæb elhgrorgb ngs fbstruelbtgs oirorfgs, iroafos on o n usg mln `flrrg4 ?
ln lepnlg ml no iuomoÿo, qul coafnftñ no sflio

s flio ml ngs alrlonls4 y ln plrcla-
afgboeflbtgg mln egnfbg ml oiuo, eïs l﬏aflbtl qul ln ml vflbtg.
afgboeflbt
?.: Agbslaulbafos ml no lxpobsfñb oirorfo

oirorfo Oÿg
:
Nos agbslaulbafos ml no lxpobsfñb oirorfo culrgb8
• Ln ouelbtg ml ngs rlbmfeflbtgs oiråagnos y ml no prgmuaafñb.
• No elhgro ml no onfelbtoafñb y ml nos agbmfafgbls ml vfmo ml no pgjnoafñb. .
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• Ln fbarlelbtg mln lspoafg auntfvomg, prgalmlbtl ml no rgturoafñb mln r
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jgsqul, ml no mlslaoafñb ml eorfseos y zgbos pobtobgsos, ml nos tfl- Oÿg
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g
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]gmg lnng prgvgañ ln arlafeflbtg ml no pgjnoafñb lurgplo, qul posñ g
c
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Lb no rgtoafñb trflbon, no tflrro sl mfvfml f
r
ml 13 o 0; efnngbls ml plrsgbos lbtrl ngs sfings 󰁰󰁦 y 󰁰󰁦󰁳4 ln rlboafeflb- lb trls `ghos lb nos qul sl sualmlb ngs
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tg mln agelrafg y no lxpobsfñb ml nos afumomls. auntfvgs ml trfig, ovlbo g nliuefbgsos y
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Ln oromg rgeobg (O) lro ml eomlro y sl eo- l
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ub yuig g pflzo ml eomlro o no qul sl suhlto- l
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jo ln oromg. Ln oromg ml vlrtlmlro (J) fbagr- O
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pgrñ lsto pflzo ml `flrrg qul plreftåo rlegvlr ,
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Slrtlmlro y ofrlor elhgr no tflrro y trojohor sulngs murgs. B
O

Ql eoblhojo agb aojonngs, qul tfrojob ml æn G
O @lrromuro Aua`fnno elmfobtl no agnnlro, ub agnnor ml aulrg rlnnlbg

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ml poho, qul lvftojo moÿor o ngs obfeonls. ©

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vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
? Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs oromg ml vlrtlmlro y rgtoafñb 3 Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S) g
trflbon. consos (C).
……………………………………………………………… o) Ln ouelbtg ml no prgmuaafñb cul agbsl-
……………………………………………………………… aulbafo ml no lxpobsfñb oirorfo.
……………………………………………………………… j) On
On ouelbtor nos oatfvfmomls oirorfos le-
plgrñ no onfelbtoafñb.
: Agepnlto no mlcfbfafñb agb ln tærefbg agrrlatg8
a) Agb ln prgirlsg oirorfg ouelbtñ ln lspo-
o) Mfvfmfr ln tlrrlbg auntfvomg lb trls portls8 afg auntfvomg.
………………………………………………………………
m) Nos oatfvfmomls oirorfos covgrlaflrgb ln
j) Oromg qul plreftl rlegvlr y ofrlor elhgr no tflrro8 rlboafeflbtg mln agelrafg.
……………………………………………………………… 9 Zlnoafgbo aomo tærefbg ml no agnuebo fzquflrmo agb
ubg ml no agnuebo mlrlaò8
1 ·[gr quæ ouelbtñ no prgmuaafñb oiråagno o portfr O. Fbstrue
Fbstruelbtgs
lbtgs ml `flrrg ?. Iuomoÿo
mln sfing PF7 J. Egnfbg ml oiuo :. Eoygr rlsfstlbafo
……………………………………………………………… A. Elhgro no sflio 1. Eïs lcfaflbtl
= Lsarfjl ngs bgejrls ml oniubgs fbstruelbtgs oirå- ………………………………………………………………

agnos qul coafnftorgb ln mlsorrgnng ml no oirfaunturo
lurgplo lbtrl ngs sfings PF y PFFF.
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
0 O portfr ml no feoilb ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, mlsarfjl
añeg ls ub oromg ml vlrtlmlro.
………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………… ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
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Nos agbslaulbafos mln prgirlsg ml nos oatfvfmo-
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mls oirorfos culrgb.. culrgb...................
..................................
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lbtrl ngs sfings y . nos .......................................... ml no pgjnoafñb, y ln
G
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..................................
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:6

: Ln rlboafeflbt
rlboafeflbtg
g
ml nos afumomls
:.? Nos aousos mln rlboafeflbtg urjobg
O portfr mln sfing 󰁰󰁦, rlboafñ no vfmo urjobo lb Lurgpo.
No aouso prfbafpon cul ln ouelbtg ml no prgmuaafñb oirorfo, qul plr-
eftfñ o ngs aoeplsfbgs gjtlblr eïs prgmuatgs y vlbmlr ngs sgjrobtls
lb elraomgs. Agb lnng, portl mln aoeplsfbomg pumg mlmfaorsl o gtros
torlos, ageg no ortlsobåo y ln agelrafg.
No ortlsobåo y ln agelrafg sl agbalbtrorgb lb nos afumomls, covgrlaflb-
mg su rlvftonfzoafñb y arlafeflbtg. Lb ubgs aosgs, rlsuriflrgb nos obtf-
iuos afumomls rgeobos4 y lb gtrgs aosgs, suriflrgb bulvos afumomls o
portfr ml elraomgs. Lb tgrbg o lstgs sl arlorgb jorrfgs ml ortlsobgs y
agelrafobtls,
agelrafob tls, mlbgefbomgs jurigs, qul oaojorgb rgmlïbmgsl ml ubo
euronno y agbvfrtfæbmgsl lb afumomls.
No ponojro jurig
jurig tlrefbñ
tlrefbñ usïbmgsl poro mlsfibor o tgmo no afumom, y
sus òjftobtls rlafjflrgb ln bgejrl ml juriulsls.
:.: Ln igjflrbg ml no afumom

Ngs òjftobtls ml nos afumomls arlorgb osgafoafgbls, nnoeomos ageubos,
qul nuaòrgb pgr agbsliufr ml ngs slÿgrls g mln rly ubo aorto ageubon
g culrg, ls mlafr, ub mgauelbtg qul iorobtfzojo sus mlrla`gs y nls plr-
eftåo cgreor ub igjflrbg outñbgeg
outñbgeg..
Ln igjflrbg ml no afumom rlaoyñ lbtgbals lb ub agbslhg ageubon,
lnlifmg pgr ngs afumomobgs, qul sl gaupojo ml no rlaoumoafñb ml ngs
fepulstgs y mln oprgvfsfgboeflbtg y mlclbso ml no afumom. Ln agbslhg
Nos afumomls mlsleplÿorgb buelrgsos
mlnliojo ln pgmlr lhlautfvg lb eoifstromgs, mlbgefbomgs onaonmls g cubafgbls lb no Lmom Elmfo. @ïjftot urjo-
jurigeolstrls, qul sl rlubåob lb ub lmf﬏afg nnoeomg oyubtoeflbtg. bg aoroatlråstfag ml ubo afumom ftonfobo mln
Agb ln tflepg, ln igjflrbg eubfafpon cul oaoporomg pgr nos coefnfos sfing PFS. Onligråo mln Julb Igjflrbg, ml Ob-
eïs rfaos, qul agbstftuy
agbstftuylrgb
lrgb ub potrfafomg urjobg. tgbfg Ngrlbzgttf.
.
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vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
?; Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs jurig y juriuæs. ?= Zlmoato ub tlxtg lxpnfaobmg no sfiuflbtl fnustroafñb.
]lb lb aulbto qul ln mgauelbtg qul oporlal ls
………………………………………………………… ub culrg.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………

?? ·Auon cul no aouso prfbafpon mln rlsurifr ml nos afu-
momls y ml no vfmo urjobo o portfr mln sfing PF7
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?: ·_uæ oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos covgrlaflrgb no rl-
…………………………………………………………
vftonfzoafñb y 7ln arlafeflbtg ml nos afumomls o por-
tfr mln sfing PF …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls …………………………………………………………

?1 Agbtlsto o lstos aulstfgbls8
▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
o) ·_uæ mgauelbtg iorobtfzojo ngs mlrla`gs ml
?< Lsarfjl vlrmomlrg (S) g consg (C) lb aomo crosl8
ngs òjftobtls ml nos afumomls7
o) ]gmos nos afumomls elmflvonls surifl-
…………………………………………………………
rgb o portfr ml elraomgs.
.
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j) ·_uæ fbstftuafñb afumomobo sl gaupojo mln ig-
f
z
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t jflrbg ml no afumom7 j) No ponojro jurig tlrefbñ usïbmgsl poro
u
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l
mlsfibor o tgmo no afumom.
n
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…………………………………………………………
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a) Ngs vlafbgs ml nos afumomls cgreorgb
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a) ·_uæ bgejrl rlafjlb ngs eoifstromgs qul lhlr- osgafoafgbls, nnoeomos eubfafpfgs.
r
l
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aåob ln pgmlr lhlautfvg7
.
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»
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ngs eoifstromgs obtlrfgrls7
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Oatfvfmomls ]fpgs ml Igjflrbg
l
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………………………………………………………… lagbñefaos afumomls ml no afumom
O
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l) ·_ufæb oaoporñ ln igjflrbg eubfafpon agb ln
O
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tflepg7
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©

1?

1 Nos oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos

1.? Ngs ortlsobgs y su griobfzoafñb
Lb nos afumomls sl oslbtojob buelrgsgs ortlsobgs. ]rojohojob lb pl-
qulÿgs tonnlrls qul sl oirupojob lb ubo aonnl o no qul mojob bgejrl
(pnotlrgs, tlhlmgrls, pobomlrgs, lta.).
Ngs ortlsobgs mln efseg g﬏afg sl griobfzojob lb osgafoafgbls, nno-
eomos irlefgs. Qus gjhltfvgs lrob mgs8 agbtrgnor no prgmuaafñb poro
lvftor no agepltlbafo4 y prgtlilr o sus eflejrgs, poiobmg augtos poro
oyumor o lbclregs, vfumos y ùærcobgs.
No griobfzoafñb fbtlrbo ml aomo irlefg mfclrlbafojo trls aotligråos8 ln
eolstrg g mulÿg mln tonnlr4 ngs g﬏afonls, qul trojohojob o sulnmg poro
ln eolstrg, y ngs oprlbmfals, qul trojohojob sfb sulnmg poro oprlb
oprlbmlr
mlr ln
g﬏afg.
1.: Ln ouil mln agelrafg

Ln fbarlelbtg ml no prgmuaafñb oirorfo y ortlsobon prgvgañ ub fepgr-
tobtl ouil mln agelrafg, auygs albtrgs culrgb nos afumomls.
• Ln agelrafg ngaon sl rlonfzojo lb nos vfvflbmos-tonnlr ml ngs ortlsobgs
y lb ngs elraomgs urjobgs sleobonls, omgbml oaumåob ngs aoeplsf-
bgs ml no ageorao.
• Ln agelrafg o norio mfstobafo sl nnlvojo o aojg lb nos clrfos, g rlubfg-
bls ml agelrafobtls alnljromos ubo vlz on oÿg lb oniubos afumomls
mgbml sl vlbmåob ortåaungs prgalmlbtls ml nuiorls nlhobgs, y lb nos
afumomls agb irobmls pulrtgs (Slblafo, Eorslnno, Joralngbo, lta.).
s o
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Nos vfvflbmos-tonnlr ml ngs ortlsobgs sl gr- O
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iobfzojob lb mgs pfsgs. Lb no pnobto joho O
V
O
lstojob ln tonnlr y no tflbmo ojflrto o no ao- B
O

nnl4 ln `gior g agafbo4 no mlsplbso4 ub potfg, G
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Sfvflbmo-tonnlr ro pnobto sl sftuojob ngs mgreftgrfgs. ©

1:

\BFMOM
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vgaojunorfg
fg a) Afto oniubgs prgmuatgs agb ngs qul sl agelr-
?9 Lsarfjl ln agbalptg on qul sl rlcflrlb lstos mlcfbf- afojo.
afgbls8 …………………………………………………………
o) Osgafoafgbls
Osgafoafgbls ml ortlsobgs ml ub efseg gcfafg8 ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
:? Mlsarfjl, o portfr ml no fnustroafñb ml no pïifbo ob-
…………………………………. tlrfgr, no vfvflbmo-tonnlr ml ub ortlsobg.
j) Zlubfgbls mmll agelraf
agelrafobtls
obtls alnl
alnljromos
jromos ubo …………………………………………………………
vlz on oÿg lb oniubos afumomls8
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………. …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?0 ·O quæ sl mljfñ ln ouil mln agelrafg7 …………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………… :: Agepnlto lstos crosls8
………………………………………………………… o) Ngs ortlsobgs trojohob lb plqulÿgs …….…

………. lb ubo efseo aonnl. Ngs mln efseg gcf-
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls afg sl griobfzojob lb osgafoafgbls nnoeomos
?6 Lsarfjl no aotligråo irlefon lb su nuior agrrls- …………….
pgbmflbtl8
j) Ln agelrafg ngaon sl rlonfzojo lb nos ...............
Mulÿ
Mulÿg
g ml
mlnn tton
onnl
nlrr ]rojoh
ojohoo o ssul
ulnm
nmg
g Opr
Oprlbml
lbml ln gcfa
gcfafg
fg .................... ml ngs ortlsobgs y lb ngs ............
...................... Ln agelrafg o norio mfstobafo sl
nnlvojo o aojg lb nos ............................... y lb
.
nos afumomls agb ................
.................................
.............................
............
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▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb Grg
G Jlrilb
Lstgagneg
Dozïb
[rfbafponls rutos
y albtrgs agelrafonls
agelrafonls
o Ïejor A Bgvigrgm lbtrl ngs sfings PFFF y PS
PS
F
l
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:; Lstumfo ln eopo y rlspgbml8 @flrrg
]
B
E o r
Zfio Egsaø
Zutos eoråtfeos ml no @obso
Zutos eoråtfeos ftonfobos
p mln
g Ï Zutos tlrrlstrls
a
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o) ·Qgjrl quæ tfpg ml agelr- Sfbg N
]
O Jgstgb
B g r t l Aorovobos
[rfbafponls afumomls
n Oalftl Nþjlad
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afg bgs fbcgreo7 Alrlonls

G
Bgrtòeptgb
Ngbmrls \trla`t @oejurig
Jruhos Agngbfo Nlfpzfi
Dflv
ml clrfo
[rfbafponls albtrgs
B Yfba`lstlr lagbñefags
o Iobtl Crïbacgrt Crlfjlri
E O Elssfbls
. [flnls Æ [orås Noiby [roio Aroagvfo
G
Q ………………………………… Eomlro
A
Nlbmft
Bobtls [rgvfbs
Børlejlri
Jorr s.Oujl
Jo
Ozgv E
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tlhfmgs ml nuhg Jurmlgs Efnïb Slblafo f g
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………………………………… Oreos
Iæbgvo
Jlouaofrl Eorslnno
Cngrlbafo
E o r B l i r g
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Lsanovgs Zgeo
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j) Bgejro oniubos afumomls Qonozñb ml Nfsjgo ]gnlmg Joralngbo
Sonlbafo
Bïpgnls Jornlto Agbstobtfbgpno
Egsun
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Obtfgquåo
Joimom
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………………………………… ml nuhg
Lsplafos
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Ln Aofrg
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©

11

= Ln ortl iñtfag
Ln ortl iñtfag sl mlsorrgnnñ mlsml elmfomgs mln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁦 òsto ln sfing 󰁰󰁳.
Mljl su bgejrl o qul lb ln Zlboafeflbtg sl plbsñ qul òjåo sfmg troå-
mg o Lurgpo pgr ngs igmgs. [lrg, lb rlonfmom, surifñ lb ln bgrtl ml Crob-
afo y mlsml onnå sl mfcubmfñ pgr nos afumomls mln rlstg ml Lurgpo.
=.? No orquftlaturo
orquftlaturo iñtfao
Nos aoroatlråstfaos ml nos agbstruaafgbls iñtfaos sgb8 ln usg ml no pflmro
ageg eotlrfon y ml ngs pfnorls ageg sgpgrtls4 ngs orags opubtomgs u ghf-
vonls, y no aujflrto agb jñvlmo ml arualråo. ]gmg lnng plreftfñ rlonfzor
lmf﬏afgs ontgs, agb irobmls vlbtobonls, qul sl mlagrojob agb vfmrflros.
Ln lmf﬏afg rlnfifgsg prfbafpon cul no aotlmron. Qulnl tlblr pnobto ml
aruz notfbo, agb trls g afbag bovls, trobslptg, aojlalro agb ifrgno y bu-
elrgsos aopfnnos. Ln fbtlrfgr tflbl trls pfsgs y ln lxtlrfgr ubo coaòmo
lbeoraomo pgr mgs tgrrls.
Ngs lmf﬏afgs afvfnls eïs mlstoaomgs sgb ngbhos agelrafonls, oyubto-
eflbtgs y ponoafgs bgjfnforfgs g juriulsls.
s o n
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No lsaunturo y no pfbturo
t
=.: o
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No lsaunturo y no pfbturo iñtfaos jusaojob no jlnnlzo, ln rlonfseg y ln L
»
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:
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egvfeflbtg o
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vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Ageprlbmlr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos
:1 Mlcfbl lstgs agbalptgs8 ortl iñtfag y rltojng. :9 Oyømotl ml no fnustroafñb ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, y
bgejro ngs lnlelbtgs orquftlatñbfags eoraomgs.
…………………………………………………………
O
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… L
…………………………………………………………
A
:= Jusao lb ub mfaafgborfg ln tærefbg efbfoturo, y
obgto su sfibfcfaomg.
J
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M
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O) ……………………… M) ………………………
J) ……………………… L) ………………………
:< Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8
o) ·Lbtrl quæ sfings sl mlsorrgnnñ ln lstfng iñtfag7 A) ………………………
………………………………………………………… :0 Agngao nos sfiuflbtls aoroatlråstfaos, pgr su nltro,

lb ln nuior agrrlspgbmflbtl8
j) ·O quæ lrrgr mljl su bgejrl7
o) Arfstg aruafcfaomg
…………………………………………………………
j) Lb pgrtomos y aopftlnl
aopftlnlss
………………………………………………………… a) ]ojnos ml eomlro
m) Sfrilb agb ln Bfÿg
.
g
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o
f
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t :3 Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S) c) Zltojngs
u
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f
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l Eotlrfon Qgpgrtls Orags Aujflrto
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3 No plbåbsuno
fjærfao lbtrl
ngs sfings PF y PS
? No mlaomlbafo(?;1?-?=6:)
ml on-Ïbmonus
?.? No lvgnuafñb `fstñrfao
`fstñrfao
• Ngs rlfbgs ml tofcos (?;1?-?;0<). Lb ?;1?, ln aonfcotg sl mlsfbtlirñ ZLFBG CZOBAG
lb :0 rlfbgs fbmlplbmflbtls g tofcos, on mlanororsl fbmlplbmflbtls ngs G ZLFBG

ML
ZLFBG ML ZLFBG ML
[OE[NGBO OZOIÑB
OZOIÑB
A AGBMOMGQ
igjlrbomgrls ml nos prgvfbafos. Aomo rlfbg ageprlbmåo ubo afumom F
]
NLÑB ZLFBG ML
AOQ]FNNO
]OFCO ML
XOZOIGXO
AO]ONOBLQ
prfbafpon y ln tlrrftgrfg ml onrlmlmgr

onrlmlmgr.. B
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]OFCO ML
]GZ]GQO
?;
N
• Mlsml no agbqufsto ml ]gnlmg pgr Oncgbsg SF, lb ?;0<, y òsto ?:?:, on- ]
O
]OFCO
ML
]OFCO
ML
]GNLMG
??
]OFCO ML
Ïbmonus cul mgefbomo pgr mgs feplrfgs bgrtlocrfaobgs8 ngs onegrï-

G
JOMOHGX
]OFCO ML
SONLBAFO
]OFCO ML M MÆBFO
ÆBFO
]OFCO ML AAÑZMGJO
ÑZMGJO
vfmls (?;0<-??==) y ngs onegòmls (??9:-?:?:). Lstgs øntfegs culrgb B
O 6
QLSFNNO
]OFCO ML
]OFCO ML E\ZAFO
l
g

? 1 = 0 b
mlrrgtomgs pgr ngs arfstfobgs lb no jotonno

j otonno ml nos Bovos ml ]gngso
]gngso (?:?:). Æ
A
:
9
IZOBOMO ]OFCO ML
ONELZÅO t l r
ONELZÅO
f
r
ï
< 3 ]OFCO ML l
E m
• Ln rlfbg bozorå ml Irobomo (?:10-?=6:) sgjrlvfvfñ lb no [lbåbsuno G ]OFCO ML EÏNOIO
ONILAFZOQ
E o
r
iroafos on opgyg ml ngs eusuneobls mln bgrtl ml Ïcrfao y o no mfpng-

?
]ofco ml Qfnvls 3 ]ofco ml Zgbmo
eoafo ml sus rlyls. Zlfbgs arfstfobgs :
]ofco ml Oniorvl
1
]ofco ml @ulnvo
9 ]ofco ml Egrñb
0 ]ofco ml Aoregbo
Zlfbgs ml tofcos =
]ofco ml Bfljno 6 ]ofco ml Eærtgno
; ?;; :;; de <
]ofco ml Orags ?; ]ofco ml Onjorroaåb
?.: Nos rlonfzoafgbls ortåstfaos ?? ]ofco ml Onpulbtl
Ngs rlfbgs arfstfobgs y ngs rlfbgs ml tofcos.

Lbtrl ngs sfings 󰁰󰁦 y 󰁰󰁳 ln ortl eusuneïb otrovlsñ mfstfbtos ltopos8
•Ln ortl ml ngs rlfbgs ml tofcos. Mlstoaob no Onhoclråo ml Xoroigzo (ub
ponoafg ml rlarlg) y no onaozojo ml Eïnoio (ubo cgrtf﬏aoafñb ponoaflio).
•Ln ortl onegòml, agb no Ifronmo (ln onefbor ml no obtfiuo elzqufto)
y no ]grrl
]grrl mln Grg (ub lmf﬏afg mlclbsfvg), oejgs lb Qlvfnno.
Ql vfnno.
•Ln ortl bozorå, agb no cgrtonlzo-ponoafg ml no Onòejro ml Irobomo.
Agbsto ml ubo onaozojo g rlafbtg cgrtf﬏aomg, mln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦4 y ml ubo .
g
m
o
f
z
afumom ponotfbo, qul fbanuyl mgs ponoafgs agbstrufmgs lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁳.
󰁰󰁦󰁳. r
g
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mgrls. <. [lfbomgr ml no Zlfbo. 3. [otfg ml O
.
Q
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? ?1 Nfbmoroho. 9. Qono ml Mgs @lreobos. 0. Hor- O
V
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?; mfbls mln [orton. 6. [otfg ml ngs Nlgbls. ?;. B
O

Qono ml ngs Ojlbalrrohls. ??. Joÿgs rlonls. G
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?:. Qono ml no Jorao. ?1. [otfg ml ngs Orro- Z
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13

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
? Lsarfjl ubo mlcfbfafñb ml lstgs tærefbgs8 tofcos, on- < Gjslrvo ln eopo ml ngs rlfbgs ml tofcos y òz ubo
aozojo y Bovos ml ]gngso. nfsto agb sus bgejrls.
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… 3 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl lhl argbgnñifag sgjrl no lvg-
nuafñb `fstñrfao ml on-Ïbmonus lbtrl ngs sfings PF y PS.
………………………………………………………………

s
: ·[gr quæ ltopos `fstñrfaos posñ on-Ïbmonus lbtrl o
p
o
t
ngs sfings PF y PS7 L
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ?
1 s
o
; `
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l
C
▾ Zlsgnvlr prgjnleos
1 Aonauno no muroafñb ml aomo ubo ml nos ltopos obtl- ▾ Agbgalr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos
rfgrls y agbtlsto8 ·auïn tuvg ubo eoygr muroafñb7 9 Zlnoafgbo aomo tærefbg ml no agnuebo fzquflrmo agb
……………………………………………………………… ubg ml no agnuebo mlrlaò8
……………………………………………………………… O. No Onòejro ?. Ortl onegòml
J. No Onhoclråo :. Ortl bozorå
▾ Ageprlbmlr ln lspoafg A. No Ifronmo 1. Ortl ml rlfbgs ml tofcos
= \tfnfzo ln otnos y bgejro poåsls oatuonls pgr mgbml ………………………………………………………………
sl lxtlbmfñ ln feplrfg onegòml.
.
……………………………………………………………… ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
g
m
o
f
z
r
g
t 0 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl on-Ïb-
u
o
l
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(??0=) Sonlbafo
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Bovos
]gngso Eonngrao mlstoaomgs
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,
O ml ngs onegòmls òafo ??<:
V Mfrlaafñb ml no
O Agbqufstos onegòmls Agbqufstos onegòmls agbqufsto onegòml
B
O òafo ??=< òafo ??3; Jotonno

G
[ Agbqufstos onegòmls Eïxfeo lxpobsfñb ??=9 Oÿg ml agbqufsto
\ òafo ??=9 onegòml (?:?:) ml ngs onegòmls
Z
I
©

19

: No agbsgnfmoafñb ml ngs
rlfbgs arfstfob
arfstfobgs
gs (?
(?;1?
;1?-?=9
-?=93)
3)
:.? Ngs rlfbgs arfstfobgs
O portfr mln sfing 󰁰󰁦, ngs lstomgs arfstfobgs plbfbsunorls sl agbsgnfmorgb
ageg rlfbgs y lxtlbmflrgb agbsfmlrojnlelb
agbsfmlrojnlelbtl tl su tlrrftgrfg.
• Ngs rlfbgs ml Aostfnno y Nlñb sl ubflrgb ml﬏bftfvoelbtl lb ?:1;
agb Clrbobmg FFF. Qu ovobal tlrrftgrfon otrovlsñ pgr vorfos ltopos8 lb
ln sfing 󰁰󰁦 nnliñ òsto ln ]ohg4 lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁦 sl agbqufstñ Aulbao, y lb
ln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦 Lxtrleomuro, ln vonnl mln Iuomonqufvfr y ln rlfbg ml Eur-
afo. Lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳, no lxpobsfñb aostlnnobo sl mfrfifñ òafo ln Otnïbtfag
Otnïbtfag..
• Ngs rlfbgs grflbtonls. Oroiñb y Bovorro lstuvflrgb ubfmgs lbtrl
?;93 y ??1<. Murobtl lstl plrågmg, Oncgbsg F ln Jotonnomgr agbqufstñ
ln vonnl mln Ljrg. O su eulrtl, oejgs rlfbgs sl slpororgb.
Oroiñb y ngs agbmomgs aotonobls sl ubflrgb lb no Agrgbo ml Oroiñb
lb ??19 y lxtlbmflrgb su tlrrftgrfg pgr on-Ïbmonus y ln Elmftlrrïblg.
Bovorro, tros slpororsl ml Oroiñb, y obtl nos prlsfgbls oblxfgbfstos ml
Aostfnno y Oroiñb, sl vfbaunñ o Crobafo elmfobtl onfobzos eotrfegbfo-
nls mlsml ln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦. Hofel FF prlsfml nos Agrtls lb Joralngbo
Ln ovobal arfstfobg ZLFBG ML CZOBAFO (?:6?).

lbtrl ngs sfings Qobtfoig
PF y PS Nlñb ZLFBG ML
0;;
0<= BOSOZZO
Ovobal òsto Aono`grro @ulsao Ifrgbo
G ?;=< ?;63 90<
ln sfing PF A G Z G B O
A ]orozgbo AGZGBO
Ovobal murobtl F Xoegro Gseo ???6
Xoroigzo Nnlfmo
ln sfing PF ] 061 6?: ???0
Joralngbo
Aonotoyum ??=6 0;?
B
??:1 ]orroigbo
Ovobal murobtl Ï Elmfboalnf ?;6<
N ??:1 Morgao ML
ln sfing PFF ??:6 ]grtgso
] Agåejro M L ??=0
Ovobal òsto O ??;6 ]lruln
ln sfing PFFF Agrfo ]gnlmg Aulbao ??9?
ZLFBG ??=: ?;0< ??99
O Z O I Ñ B Eoñ
Zlfbg bozorå ?:09
ml Irobomo Sonlbafo [oneo
?:10 ?::6
(sfing PS ) Nfsjgo A O Q ] F N N O
??=9 ML Jomohgz Lfvfsso
Bovos
?;0< Claò ml ?::0
ml ]gngso ?:1<
agbqufsto ?:?:
ml no afumom [GZ]\ION Añrmgjo
?:13 Ngrao
Jotonno Hoæb ?:==
Qlvfnno ?:=3
Agbqufstos ?:=0 Irobomo
mln vonnl mln .
Iuomonqufvfr Corg ZLFBG ML IZOBOMO g

g
?:=6 l m
b
y Eurafo G
B Aïmfz
?:3< Onelråo
r r ï
f
z
o
r
g
O ]orfco f t l t
?:6: E o E l m u
o
Æ r
l
n
A
; ?;; :;; de G
No lxpobsfñb tlrrftgrfon ml ngs rlfbgs j
o
f
p
arfstfobgs. g
a
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c
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:.: Nos fbstftuafgbls pgnåtfaos o

f
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l
t
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.
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Q
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g
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l
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o
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lstojo agepulsto pgr vorfgs rlfbgs (Oroiñb, Aotonuÿo, Eonngrao y So- l
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.
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Ngs rlyls lrob oagbslhomgs
ngs prfbafponls pgr no Aurfo
bgjnls y lanlsfïstfags. Zlifo, nnoeorgb
Mlspuæs, ubo osoejnlo
o ngs cgreomo pgr
rlprlslbtob-
B
O

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rlprlslbtobtls ml ngs trls lstoelbtgs qul vgtojob ngs bulvgs fepulstgs. ©

10

\BFMOM

▾ Ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb lb ln lspoafg ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
6 Lsarfjl lb ngs rlauomrgs agrrlspgbmflbtls ngs ?1 Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S)
bgejrls ml lstgs rlfbgs ml no plbåbsuno fjærfao8 g consos (C)8
Aostfnno y Nlñb, [grtuion, Oroiñb y Bovorro.
o) Lb ln sfing PS no lxpobsfñb aostlnnobo sl
mfrfifñ òafo ln Otnïbtfag.
j) Agb no eulrtl ml Oncgbsg F ln Jotonnomgr,
Bovorro y Oroiñb sl slpororgb.
a) Bovorro sl vfbaunñ o Aostfnno pgr elmfg
ml onfobzos eotrfegbfonls.
m) Nos afumomls pgslåob ubo oepnfo outg-
bgeåo poro igjlrborsl.
▾ Ageprlbmlr tlxtgs l fbcgreoafgb

fbcgreoafgbls
ls
?= Mleulstro tu ageprlbsfñb eoraobmg agb ubo
aruz nos rlspulstos agrrlatos.
o) Lb Aostfnno no egborquåo lro clmlrotfvo.

vgaojunorfg
fg
?; Lsarfjl ngs agbalptgs agrrlspgbmflbtls o nos sf- j) Lb Aostfnno no egborquåo lro ubftorfo.
iuflbtls mlcfbfafgbls8
a) Lb Oroiñb no egborquåo lro ubftorfo.
o) Osoejnlo cgreomo pgr ngs prfbafponls bgjnls y
lanlsfïstfags qul oagbslhojo on rly. m) Lb Oroiñb no egborquåo lro clmlrotfvo.
…………………………………………………………
?< Lsarfjl ln oÿg lb ln qul gaurrflrgb ngs sfiuflbtls
j) Osoejnlos cgreomos pgr rlprlslbtobtls ml ngs `la`gs `fstñrfags8
trls lstoelbtgs8 bgjnlzo, anlrg y ilbtls mln ag-
eøb. o) \bfñb ml ngs rlfbgs ml Aostfnno y ml Nlñb8
.
g
m
…………………………………………………………
f
o
z
r
g
t
u
…………………………………………………………
o
l
n
j
o
j) Fbfafg ml no Agrgbo ml Oroiñb8
f
p ▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao
g
a
g
t
…………………………………………………………
?? ·[gr auïbtos ltopos posñ ln ovobal tlrrftgrfon ml
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o Aostfnno y Nlñb7
E
.
G
Q
L
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.
………………………………………………………… ?3 Agepnlto nos crosls sfiuflbtls8
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@
………………………………………………………… ‑ Lb Aostfnno no egborquåo lro ........................4 ls
l
o
å
c mlafr, lstojo cgreomo pgr ub ..............................
o
r
i
g
?: ·[gr quæ tlrrftgrfgs sl lxtlbmfñ no Agrgbo ml Oro-
l
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. iñb7 ‑ Lb no Agrgbo ml Oroiñb no egborquåo lro ..........
O
.
Q
,
O
..................……....4 ls mlafr, lstojo agepulsto
V
O
B
O

………………………………………………………… pgr vorfgs rlfbgs (Oroiñb, ………………………,
G
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©
16

1 No agbvfvlbafo aunturon.
Ln iñtfag y ln eumæhor
1.? No agbvfvlbafo ml nos trls aunturos
aunturos
Lb no Lmom Elmfo agbvfvflrgb lb no plbåbsuno fjærfao nos aunturos eu-
suneobo, arfstfobo y humåo. Qu prfbafpon nuior ml lbaulbtrg cul no Ls-
aulno
ln sfingml󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦
]romuatgrls ml ]gnlmg,
johg ln rlfbomg qul onaobzñ
ml Oncgbsg su eoygr
P. Lb lnno, lspnlbmgr
lsplafonfstos lb
ïrojls,
humågs y arfstfobgs tromuaåob mln ïrojl on notåb g on aostlnnobg gjros ﬏ng-
sñ﬏aos y aflbtå﬏aos troåmos pgr ngs eusuneobls mlsml Grflbtl.
\b arfstfobg y ub eusuneïb huliob on
1.: Ln ortl iñtfag ohlmrlz.
No orquftlaturo iñtfao sl mlsorrgnnñ lbtrl ngs sfings 󰁰󰁦󰁦 y 󰁰󰁳󰁦, y su lmf-

﬏afg prfbafpon cul no aotlmron. Lb Aostfnno mlstoaorgb nos aotlmronls ml
Jurigs, Nlñb y ]gnlmg (sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁦󰁦), y lb no Agrgbo ml Oroiñb nos ml
Joralngbo, Sonlbafo y [oneo (sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁳). ]oejfæb sl agbstruylrgb lmf-
﬏afgs afvfnls, ageg ponoafgs, oyubtoeflb
oyubtoeflbtgstgs y ngbhos.
Gtros eobfclstoafgbls mln ortl iñtfag culrgb no lsaunturo, agbalbtromo
lb nos pgrtomos ml aotlmronls (Nlñb y Jurigs)4 no pfbturo ml rltojngs y
efbfoturos, y nos vfmrflros (aotlmron ml Nlñb).
1.1 Ln grfifbon ortl eumæhor

Ln eumæhor ls ub lstfng orquftlatñbfag grfifbon ml no plbåbsuno fjærfao lb ln
qul sl elzanob fb﬊ulbafos arfstfobos (rgeïbfaos g iñtfaos) y eusuneobos.
Ngs lmf﬏afgs, agbstrufmgs lbtrl ngs sfings 󰁰󰁦󰁦 y 󰁰󰁳󰁦, sgb ml nomrfnng, y sl
mlagrob lb ln fbtlrfgr agb otourfquls ml ylsg y lb ln lxtlrfgr agb vorfo-
mgs egtfvgs lb nomrfnng. Ngs cgags eumæhorls eïs mlstoaomgs sl sftuo-
rgb lb Aostfnno, Oroiñb y Obmonuaåo. Arfstfobgs y eusuneobls agbvlrsobmg.
.
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.
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[
No ngbho ml [oneo, gjro iñtfao agb Qob ]frsg ml Qoòiøb,
Q oòiøb, gjro rgeïbfag
rgeïbfag [onoafg ml Mgb [lmrg (Zlonls Onaïzorls \
Z
I
cubafgbls agelrafonls. eumæhor. ml Qlvfnno), gjro iñtfag eumæhor. ©

=;

\BFMOM

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
?9 ·_uæ lro no Lsauln
Lsaulnoo ml ]
]romuatgrls
romuatgrls ml ]gnlmg7 :; Zlmoato ub tlxtg jrlvl mlsarfjflbmg lb quæ sl
oprlafo no agbvfvlbafo aunturon lb no feoilb ml no
………………………………………………………… pïifbo obtlrfgr.
obtlr fgr.
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
?0 ·Lbtrl quæ sfings sl mlsorrgnnorgb ln iñtfag y ln …………………………………………………………
eumæhor7
………………………………………………………… ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
:? Lsarfjl, hubtg o aomo aoroatlråstfao, sf agrrlspgb-
▾ Obonfzor lstfngs, ortfstos y gjros ml on ortl iñtfag (I) g on ortl eumæhor (E).
?6 Lsarfjl hubtg o aomo feoilb ln ortl, iñtfag g eu- o) Elzano fbcnulbafos arfstfobos y eusun-
mæhor, on qul agrrlspgbml. eobos.
Lxpnfao toejfæb, jrlvlelbtl, ln pgrquæ ml tus j) Ngs lmfcfafgs sl agbstruylb agb nomrfnng.
rlspulstos.
a) Qu lmfcfafg prfbafpon ls no aotlmron.
…………………………
O m) Ngs pr
prfbafponls
fbafponls cgags sl sftuorgb llbb
………………………… Aostfnno, Oroiñb y Obmonuaåo.
………………………… l) Lb Aostfnno, ngs lmfcfafgs eïs mlstoaomg
mlstoaomgss
sl nlvobtorgb lb Jurigs, Nlñb y ] ]gnlmg.
gnlmg.
…………………………
………………………… ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
………………………… :: Agepnlto lstl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl ln ortl iñ-
.
g
tfag8
m
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………………………… Aotlmronls Aotlmronls Lmfcfafgs
o
l
n
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………………………… mln sfing PFFF mln sfing PFS afvfnls
o
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…………………………
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:1 Agepnlto lstos crosls8
å
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‑ Lb ln ortl eumæhor sl elzanob fbcnulbafos ……
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………………………… ………………… y ….......................
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………………………… ‑ Ngs lmfcfafgs sl mlagrob lb ln fbtlrfgr agb ……
G
[
\
Z ………………………… ………………, y lb ln lxtlrfgr agb .....................
........... ..........
I
©
=?

9 No Lmom Egmlrbo.
Ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs
ilgirïcfags
? Ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs
ilgirïcfags
?.? Ln fbfafg ml no Lmom Egmlrbo
Nos trobscgreoafgbls gaurrfmos lb Lurgpo mlsml elmfomgs mln sfing
󰁰󰁳 nnlvob o ngs `fstgrfomgrls o mfstfbiufr ubo bulvo ltopo `fstñrfao, no
Lmom Egmlrbo, auyg fbfafg sl sftøo lb no tgeo ml Agbstobtfbgpno pgr
ngs turags (?=<1), g lb ln mlsaujrfeflbtg
mlsa ujrfeflbtg ml Oeærfao (?=6:).
Ln prfbafpfg ml no Lmom Egmlrbo, ls mlafr, ngs oÿgs ﬏bonls mln sfing 󰁰󰁳 y
ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦, sl agbgal ageg no æpgao ml ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs.
?.: Nos aousos ml ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs

Ln mlsaujrfeflbtg ml bulvgs eubmgs sl mljfñ o mfclrlbtls aousos, lbtrl
nos qul mlstoaob8 Ngs irobmls mlsaujrfeflbtgs ilgirïcfags
culrgb pgsfjnls iroafos o no ilblronfzoafñb
• Lagbñefaos. Ql jusaojob bulvos rutos poro oaalmlr mfrlatoelbtl on ml fbstruelbtgs ml bovlioafñb, ageg ln
grg ml Qumïb y poro trolr, pgr våo eoråtfeo, nos lsplafos y prgmuatgs ostrgnojfg, qul plreftåo o ngs eorfbgs
ml nuhg ml no Fbmfo y ml A`fbo. iuforsl ml bga`l pgr nos lstrlnnos y bovl-
ior sfb tlblr no agsto o no vfsto.
• Aflbtå﬏aos y ilgirï﬏aos. Ql mfcubmflrgb nfjrgs qul sgstlbåob qul no
]flrro lro rlmgbmo, pgr ng qul sl agbsfmlrojo cïafn nnlior o no Fbmfo
bovliobmg pgr ln glstl.
• ]æabfaos. No bovlioafñb lb ln eor elhgrñ agb no ilblronfzoafñb ml no
jrøhuno y mln ostrgnojfg, qul plreftåob grflbtorsl, agb ln prgirlsg ml .
g
m
z
o
no aortgirocåo y agb no agbstruaafñb ml bulvgs jorags, ageg no aoro- f
r
g
t
u
jlno, omoptomo poro oprgvlaòr ln vflbtg y sgpgrtor ln culrtl gnlohl mln o
l
n
j
gaæobg Otnïb
Otnïbtfag.
tfag. o
f
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?.1 Sfohls ml lxpngroafñb y mlsaujrfeflbtg l
t
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E
.
G
Q
Ngs vfohls ml lxpngroafñb pgrtuiulsls. ]ros sualsfvos lxpngroafgbls ppgr
gr no L
»
.
:
agsto ocrfaobo, Jortgngeæ Mfoz mgjnñ ln aojg ml Julbo Lsplrobzo (?=09), y o
f
r
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t
Sosag ml Ioeo nnliñ o no Fbmfo (?=60). s
f
@
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å
Ln mlsaujrfeflbtg ml Oeærfao. Ql mljfñ o Arfstñjon Agnñb, qul prgylatñ c
o
r
i
g
nnlior o no Fbmfo bovliobmg pgr ln glstl. Leprlbmfñ ln vfohl mlsml ln pulrtg l
I
.
ml [ongs (@ulnvo), y ln ?: ml gatujrl ml ?=6: nnliñ o no fsno ml Qob Qonvo- O
.
Q
,
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V
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mgr. Eurfñsllbagbgaflrgb
tlrrftgrfgs ?<;3 arlylbmg
agegòjlr nnliomg
nos Fbmfos o noòjftobtls
y sus Fbmfo. [grculrgb
lsg, ngsnnoeomgs
bulvgs B
O

G
[
fbmfgs. Ln mlsaujrfmgr ml Oeærfao, ageg bulvg agbtfblbtl, cul ln ftonfobg \
Z
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Oeærfag Slspuafg, qul mfg su bgejrl on bulvg agbtfblbtl. ©

=:

\BFMOM

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ Ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb lb ln lspoafg
? ·Lb quæ sfing sl fbfafo no Lmom Egmlrbo y quæ mgs < Gjslrvo ln eopo y bgejro poåsls ml Oeærfao pgr
oagbtlafeflbtgs `fstñrfags eoraob su fbfafg7 mgbml sl lxtlbmåob ngs tlrrftgrfgs lspoÿgnls y pgr-
……………………………………………………………… tuiulsls.
………………………………………………………………
OE ÆZ FA O L \ Z G [O O Q F O
ML N
BGZ]L GAÆOBG
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls F. Aoborfos
[ongs
A@FBO
[OAÅCFAG
FBMFOQ FBMFO
: Zlnoafgbo nos crosls y tærefbgs agb ubo aouso ml Ï C Z F A O

GAAFMLB]ONLQ CFNF[FBOQ
Fsteg ml [oboeï
[oboeï
FBMFOQ
ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs ilgirïcfags8 o) jruhøno y os- GAÆOBG

[OAÅCFAG
JZOQFN
OE ÆZ FA O
GZFLB]ONLQ
FQNOQ ML
NOQ LQ[LAFOQ
ML N
trgnojfg4 j) nfjrgs qul sgstflblb qul no ]flrro ls rl- Q\ Z
GAÆOBG ÅBMFAG
Aojg ml Julbo
mgbmo4 a) jøsqulmo ml bulvos rutos4 m) aorojlno4 l) Lsplrobzo
[rfbafponls vfohls ml mlsaujrfeflbtg
Lstrla`g
bovlior pgr ln glstl4 c) prgirlsg ml no aortgirocåo. ]lrrftgrfgs
]lrrftgrfgs lspoÿgnls
ml Eoionnobls
GAÆOBG
pgrtuiulsls y aostlnnobgs
[rfelr vfohl ml Agnñb (?=6:)
]lrrftgrfgs
]lrrftgrfgs pgrtuiulsls Sfohl ml Sosag ml Ioeo (?=69-?=60)
(?=69-?=60)
O]NÏB]FAG
; ? <; ; 1; ;;
;; = <;
<; ; de Nåblo mfvfsgrfo ml Onaoégvos (?=96)
Aflbtåcfaos Nåblo mfvfsgrfo ml ]g
]grmlsfnnos
rmlsfnnos (?=6=)
Lagbñefaos ]æabfaos
y ilgirïcfaos
………………………………………………………………
1 ………………………………………………………………
·[gr quæ òb
Jortgngeæ Måozposomg
y Sosago ml
no `fstgrfo
Ioeo. Arfstñjon Agnñb, ………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
3 Gjslrvo ln eopo obtlrfgr y su nlylbmo, y afto ngs
……………………………………………………………… nuiorls pgr ngs qul trobsaurrfñ ln prfelr vfohl ml
……………………………………………………………… Arfstñjon Agnñb on Bulvg Eubmg.
………………………………………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
………………………………………………………………
= Mlsarfjl añeg lro ubo aorojlno.
[ong eoygr Slrio
.
9 Agbclaafgbo ub lsquleo ml nnovls sgjrl nos aou-
g
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=1

: Ln Lstomg egmlrbg
Nos egborquåos outgrftorfos
:.? outgrftorfos
y sus fbstruelbtgs
f bstruelbtgs
Murobtl no Lmom Egmlrbo, nos egborquåos clumonls sl trobscgreorgb
lb egborquåos outgrftorfos. Lb lnnos, ln rly rlcgrzñ su pgmlr sgjrl ln
agbhubtg
agbhub tg mln rlfbg. Lsto bulvo cgreo ml griobfzoafñb mln Lstomg rlafjl
ln bgejrl ml Lstomg egmlrbg.
Lb Lurgpo, no egborquåo outgrftorfo sl o﬏obzñ lb Crobafo, lb Fbinotlrro
y lb ngs rlfbgs ml no plbåbsuno fjærfao.
Ngs rlyls utfnfzorgb vorfgs fbstruelbtgs poro rlcgrzor su pgmlr8 ubf﬏-
aorgb ln tlrrftgrfg ml sus lstomgs4 sgeltflrgb
s geltflrgb o su outgrfmom o tgmgs ngs
pgmlrls (onto bgjnlzo, eubfafpfgs, Agrtls)4 elhgrorgb no omefbfstro-
afñb, ﬏hobmg no agrtl lb ubo afumom, arlobmg cubafgborfgs prgclsfgb
prgclsfgbonls
onls
y ﬏hobmg fepulstgs4 y, pgr øntfeg, sustftuylrgb nos trgpos clumonls pgr
ub lhæraftg plreoblbtl
p lreoblbtl y agbstftuylrgb ubo mfpngeoafo plreoblbtl.
:.: Ngs irobmls lstomgs

Lb Lurgpo gaafmlbton, nos mgs irobmls pgtlbafos ml no æpgao culrgb
Crobafo l Fbinotlrro.
Lb no plbåbsuno fjærfao, ln Lstomg egmlrbg cul gjro ml Clrbobmg ml Zlaoumomgrls ml fepulstgs. No arloafñb
ml fepulstgs grmfborfgs plreftfñ o ngs
Oroiñb l Fsojln ml Aostfnno, qul, tros no ubfñb ml nos mgs agrgbos, ubf﬏-
egboraos mfspgblr ml fbirlsgs rliunorls.
aorgb ngs tlrrftgrfgs plbfbsunorls (lxalptg [grtuion) y lxtlbmflrgb sus
pgslsfgbls pgr Ïcrfao, Oeærfao y ln Elmftlrrïblg.
Lb ln lstl ml Lurgpo, ngs turags gtgeobgs pusflrgb ﬏b on feplrfg jf-
zobtfbg4 y ln pråbafpl ml Egsaø, Fvïb ln Irobml, slbtñ nos josls ml ub
cuturg feplrfg tros omgptor ln tåtung ml zor
zor..
Nåeftl mln feplrfg onleïb

[gslsfgbls ml ngs @ojsjurig
\bfñb ml Doneor NO[GBFO
\bfñb pgnoag-nftuobo .
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m
; :;; =;; 3;; de [Z F BAF [OMG z
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ML g
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BGZ\LIO E GQ AØ o
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g
LQAGAFO o ml a
Eor f a [sdgv Dozïb g
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mln MFBOEOZAO ñ g
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Eor l u n
Bgrtl o
f
FZNOBMO Jïntfag b t Zfozïb r
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l t
FBINO]LZZO o
GAÆOBG r m
G NF]\ OBFO Irob Dobotg E
IONLQ .
Jrobmlejurig G
Q
QOAZG L
O] NÏ B] FA G FE[LZFG »
.
ZGEOBG Jg`lefo [GNGBFO :
ILZEÏBFAG Dobotg ml Arfelo o
f
Egnmovfo (Sosonng Fep. gtgeobg) r
g
CZOBAFO (Sosonng Fep. t
s
f
Qufzo @\BIZÅO gtgeobg)
@
Qojgyo Efnïb Zlp. ml Sonoqufo l
Slblafo (Sosonng Fep. Eor Blirg o
å
c
gtgeobg) o
F. Ozgrls N Bovorro Zlp. ml Ngs lejohomgrls, ml @obs @gnjlfb ln r
i
O Cngrlbafo g
Zlp. ml FE[LZFG l
I
\ Iæbgvo Añralio Lstomgs
[gbtfcfafgs
Hgvlb (?<11). Ngs egboraos outgrftorfgs I
.
] LQ[OßO F. Jonlorls
Z
G Alrmlÿo Bïpgnls G]GEOBG mfspusflrgb ml lejohomgrls lb gtrgs O
.
Q
[ ,
E o r
[gslsfgbls E\BMG poåsls, qul rlprlslbtojob sus fbtlrlsls. O
E V
F. Eomlfro O
l m f
t l Qfafnfo ilbgvlsos E\Q\NEÏB B
[gslsfgbls
r
r O

F. Aoborfos ï vlblafobos
b A`fprl G
E\BMG E\Q\NEÏB l Arlto Grmlb
g [
ml Q. Huob \
Z
I
Lurgpo o cfbonls mln sfing PS. ©

==

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
0 Mlcfbl ln tærefbg Lstomg egmlrbg. ?= Zlnoafgb
Zlnoafgboo ngs tærefbgs ml nos mgs agnuebos8
………………………………………………………… ?. Crobafo l Fbinotlrro O. Gaupoafñb mln
feplrfg jfzobtfbg
…………………………………………………………
:. \bfcfaoafñb ml no J. [råbafpl ml Egsaø
………………………………………………………… plbåbsuno fjærfao
1. ]urags gtgeobgs A. Irobmls pgtlbafos
6 Agepnlto no mlcfbfafñb lsarfjflbmg ln tærefbg ag-
lurgplos
rrlatg8
=. ]åtung ml zor M. Clrbobmg ml Oroiñb
o) [rgclsfgbonls qul lhlautojob nos ñrmlbls mln l Fsojln ml Aostfnno
rly.
………………………………………………………… ▾ Ageprlbmlr tlxtgs l fbcgreoafgb
fbcgreoafgbls
ls
?< ·[oro quæ agbstftfylrgb ngs rlyls ubo mfpngeoafo
j) Qustftuylrgb o nos obtfiuos trgpos clumonls.
plreoblbtl7
………………………………………………………… Eorao agb ubo aruz no rlspulsto agrrlato.
a) [rgpgrafgborgb on rly fbirlsgs rliunorls. o) [oro ubfcfaor ln tlrrftgrfg

…………………………………………………………
j) [oro iobor outgrfmom
a) [oro rlprlslbtor sus fbtlrlsls
?; ·_uæ bgejrl rlafjlb nos egborquåos ml no Lmom
Egmlrbo7
▾ Griobfzor no fb cgreoafñb
………………………………………………………… ?3 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl ln
lstomg egmlrbg8
?? ·_ufæb lstojnlafñ ln Lstomg egmlrbg lb no plbåb-
suno fjærfao7 Irobmls lstomgs lurgplgs
Fbstruelbtgs ml no
.
g
m
egborquåo outgrftorfo Lurgpo Lurgpo
o
z
f
r
g
t
u
………………………………………………………… gaafmlbton grflbton
o
?: ·Auïnls lrob nos irobmls pgtlbafos ml Lurgpo

l
n
j
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f
p
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a
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gaafmlbton7
g
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…………………………………………………………
.
G
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…………………………………………………………
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?1 ·_uæ fbstruelbtgs utfnfzorgb ngs rlyls poro rlcgr-
t
s
f
@
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å
c
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zor su pgmlr7
r
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O
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…………………………………………………………
Q
,
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…………………………………………………………
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©

=<

1 Ngs aoejfgs
aoejfgs rlnfifgsgs.
Zlcgreo y agbtrorrlcgeo
Lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦, no ubfmom rlnfifgso ml Lurgpo gaafmlbton lb tgrbg o no
Finlsfo aotñnfao sl rgepfñ, tros no oporfafñb ml no Zlcgreo prgtlstobtl.
Lsto lstuvg egtfvomo, lbtrl gtros rozgbls, pgr
p gr ln mlsprlstfifg mln popo
mlsprlstfifg
y mln anlrg y pgr ngs ojusgs ml no Finlsfo.
1.? No rlcgreo nutlrobo

Ln fbfafg ml no rlcgreo rlnfifgso sl prgmuhg lb Onleobfo, agb ln egbhl
oiustfbg Eortåb Nutlrg, quflb, lb ?<?9, rlaòzñ no vlbto ml fbmunilb-
afos, grmlbomo pgr ln popo Nlñb P poro poior nos gjros mln Sotfaobg, y
pujnfañ 6< tlsfs agbtro lnnos. Eortåb Nutlrg (?=01-?<=3).
Ln popo agbmlbñ y lxageuniñ o Nutlrg, quflb cul ﬏hobmg su mgatrfbo
josomo lb no hustf﬏aoafñb pgr no cl (josto tlblr cl poro sonvorsl) y no nf-
jrl fbtlrprltoafñb ml no Jfjnfo. No mgatrfbo nutlrobo sl mfcubmfñ rïpfmo-
elbtl pgr oniubgs lstomgs onleobls y pgr ln albtrg y ln bgrtl ml Lurgpo.
Lurgpo mlspuæs ml no Zlcgreo ; :;; =;; 3;; de
Aotñnfags Nåeftl mln feplrfg

Nutlrobgs onleïb
Albtrg ml mfcusfñb
Aonvfbfstos ml no rlcgreo aotñnfao
Obinfaobgs Albtrg ml mfcusfñb
ml no rlcgreo prgtlstobtl
[urftobgs
@uigbgtls
Q \ L A F O
Grtgmgxgs Gsng Lstgagneg
Eusuneobls Z \ Q F O
LQAGAFO Eor Grmlb Egsaø
Lmfejurig mln MFBOEOZAO Eor
]lutñbfao
Agplbòiul
FZNOBMO Bgrtl Jïntfag
Mujnåb
FBINO]LZZO
[rgvfbafos
Ngbmrls \bfmos Yfttlbjlri Sorsgvfo Dflv
GAÆOBG [ G N G B F O
FE[LZFG
O]N ÏB
ÏB]F
]FAG
AG [orås Huob Aonvfbg (?<;6-?<3?).
O N L E Ï B
Sflbo
CZOBAFO
Q\FXO
]rlbtg .
g
Ifbljro F E [ L Z F G m
Efnïb Slblafo z
o
f
Eor Blirg r
Iæbgvo E g
t
u
N Cngrlbafo o
r
o
O

Lstomgs ml l
n
I L Q [ O ß O no Finlsfo O j
\ Eor Agbstobtfbgpno o
f
] Elm ftlr rïb lg
Zgeo m
r p
g
Z G ] G E O B G
f
Nfsjgo Eomrfm
ï
t
f a
G a
g g
t
[ Bïpgnls g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
Otlbos o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
:
o
f
Nos rlcgreos aonvfbfsto y obinfaobo

r
g
1.: t
s
f
@
l
o
No rlcgreo aonvfbfsto cul prlmfaomo pgr Huob Aonvfbg mlsml ?<13 lb å
c
o
r
i
Ifbljro (Qufzo). Ql joso lb no arllbafo lb no prlmlstfboafñb, sliøb no g
l
I
.
auon, nos plrsgbos lstïb mlstfbomos pgr Mfgs o sonvorsl g o agbmlborsl on O
.
Q
,
O
O
V
eorilb ml sus yoaafgbls.
Qufzo, Lsagafo Crobafo.No mgatrfbo tuvg irob æxftg lb ngs [oåsls Johgs, B
O

G
Ln obinfaobfseg surifñ lb Fbinotlrro, mgbml ln rly Lbrfqul SFFF rlaòzñ no [
\
Z
gjlmflbafo on popo y sl prganoeñ, lb ?<1=, aojlzo ml no Finlsfo ml Fbinotlrr

Fbinotlrro.
o. Lbrfqul SFFF (?=6?-?=<9). I
©

=3

\BFMOM
1.1 No rlcgreo aotñnfao g Agbtrorrlcgreo

[oro crlbor no lxpobsfñb ml no Zlcgreo prgtlstobtl, no Finlsfo aotñnfao
leprlbmfñ su prgpfo rlcgreo, agbgafmo ageg Agbtrorrlcgreo. Qus
prfbafponls fbstruelbtgs culrgb8
•Ln Agbafnfg ml ]rlbtg (?<=<-?<31), qul ml﬏bfñ no mgatrfbo aotñnfao
y no mfcubmfñ elmfobtl aotlafsegs, arlñ ngs slefborfgs poro cgreor o
ngs soalrmgtls y gjnfiñ o ngs gjfspgs o rlsfmfr lb sus mfñalsfs.
•
No Agepoÿåo ml Hlsøs, cubmomo pgr Qob Fiboafg ml Ngygno lb ?<=;. Qus
eflejrgs òaåob ub vgtg lsplafon ml gjlmflbafo on popo, tlbåob ubo sñ-
nfmo cgreoafñb tlgnñifao y sl mlmfaorgb o no prlmfaoafñb y o no lmuaoafñb.

vgaojunorfg
?9 Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs fbmunilbafo y prlmlstfboafñb. :: Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S)
g consos (C)8
…………………………………………………………
o) Nutlrg rlaòzñ nos fbmunilbafos
………………………………………………………… y cul lxageuniomg pgr ln popo.
………………………………………………………… j) Nos fbmunilbafos sgb mgauelbtgs
poro plrmgbor ngs plaomgs.
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao a) Ln aonvfbfseg surifñ lb Fbinotlrro
?0 Lsarfjl nos aousos ml no oporfafñb ml no Zlcgreo y rlaòzo no gjlmflbafo on popo.
prgtlstobtl8 m) Lbrfqul SFFF sl prganoeñ aojlzo
………………………………………………………… ml no Finlsfo obinfaobo.
l) Ln aonvfbfseg sl joso lb no
?6 ·Mñbml sl fbfafñ no rlcgreo rlnfifgso y qufæb no
prlmlstfboafñb.
fbfafñ7
………………………………………………………… :1 Zlnoafgbo aomo rlnfifñb agb ubo crosl8
.
g
m
o
z
:;
f
r
g
t
·_uæ fbstruelbtgs utfnfzñ no Finlsfo aotñnfao lb su
Agbtrorrlcgreo7 ?. Aotgnfafseg
:. Nutlrobfseg O. Agbafnfg
J. Bg gjlmflbafo on popo
ml ]rlbtg
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
p ………………………………………………………… 1. Aonvfbfseg A. [rlmlstfboafñb
g
a
g
t
g
c
=. Obinfaobfseg
Obinfaobfs eg M. Hustfcfaoafñ
Hustfcfaoafñbb pgr no cl
n
o
f
r
…………………………………………………………
l
t
o
E
.
G
Q ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
L
»
.
:= Agb oyumo mln tlxtg y mln eopo agepnlto lstl
:
o
f
r
:? Nll ubo ml nos 6< tlsfs ml Nutlrg y troto ml lxpnf-
g
t
s
f aorno8 «:?. Lb agbslaulbafo, sl lqufvgaob oqul- auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl nos rlnfifgbls prgtlstobtls.
@
l
o
å
c nngs prlmfaomgrls ml fbmunilbafos qul ocfreob [oåsls pgr ngs qul sl
o
r Zlnfifñb Arlomgr
i
g
l qul ln `gejrl ls ojsulntg o no vlz qul sonvg ml lxtlbmfñ
I
.
O
.
Q
tgmo plbo, o aouso ml nos fbmunil bafos mln popo ´.
fbmunilbafos
,
O
O
V
B
O

…………………………………………………………
G
[
\
Z
I
…………………………………………………………
©
=9

= Ln Zlboafeflbtg. Ftonfo y ngs Lsplatomgr [ubtg ml cuio
prfeftfvgs cnoelbags
Ln Zlboafeflbtg cul ln lstfng ortåstfag qul opnfañ nos fmlos ùeobfstos
on aoepg mln ortl. Qurifñ lb Ftonfo lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳 (_uottrgalbtg), y sl
lxtlbmfñ pgr ln rlstg ml Lurgpo lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦 (Afbqulalbtg).
=.?
Nos aoroatlråstfaos mln bulvg
bulvg lstfng
Ageg egmlng, ngs ortfstos mln Zlboafeflbtg tgeorgb nos gjros y tleos
ml ngs obtfiugs irfligs y rgeobgs, l fbtlbtorgb rlprlslbtor no rlonfmom
utfnfzobmg no plrsplatfvo nfblon.
• Ln obtrgpgalbtrfseg vgnvfñ on ortl. Ngs lmf﬏afgs sl `faflrgb o lsaono
ùeobo, y ln slr ùeobg sl agbvfrtfñ lb prgtoigbfsto ml nos lsauntu-
ros y nos pfbtur
pfbturos.
os.
No plrsplatfvo nfblon.
• Ngs ortfstos elhgrorgb su agbmfafñb sgafon. Ngs
N gs elhgrls agbtorgb agb
ln opgyg ml elalbos, rfags plrsgbohls ageg rlyls, popos, bgjnls y
juriulsls, qul ngs prgtliflrgb g agstlorgb sus gjros.
=.:
Ln Zlboafeflbtg
Zlboafeflbt
Lb ln _uottrgalbtg g aubo
(sfing 󰁰󰁳), no lb Ftonfo
mln bulvg lstfng cul no afumom ml
Cngrlbafo. Ngs orquftlatgs prfbafponls culrgb Cfnfppg Jrublnnlsa`f, outgr
ml no aøpuno ml no aotlmron ml Cngrlbafo y mln [onoafg [fttf, y Nlñb J. On-
jlrtf. Lb lsaunturo mlstoaorgb I`fjlrtf y Mgbotlnng4 y lb pfbturo, Eosoa-
afg y Jgttfalnnf.
Lb ln Afbqulalbtg (sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦) ln albtrg sl trosnomñ o Zgeo, mgbml ngs
popos fepunsorgb ub irob bøelrg ml agbstruaafgbls. No eïs mlstoaomo
cul no josånfao ml Qob [lmrg mln Sotfaobg, mfslÿomo pgr Jroeobtl y agbtf-
buomo pgr Efiuln Ïbiln, qul rlonfzñ no aøpuno.
Lb lsaunturo, Efiuln Ïbiln rlonfzñ eoibå﬏aos gjros lb eïregn (Movfm,
Aøpuno ml no aotlmron ml Cngrlbafo, ml
Egfsæs,
Egf sæs, lta.).
lta.). Lb lstl sfing trojohorgb toejfæb ngs pfbtgrls eïs coegsgs8 Jrublnnlsa`f.
Nlgbomg mo Sfbaf, auyo irob opgrtoafñb cul no tæabfao mln scueottg
scueottg opnf-
opnf- .
g
m
z
o
aomo lb gjros ageg No Qoiromo Albo y Albo y No
No Ifgagbmo4
Ifgagbmo4 Efiuln
Efiuln Ïbiln, outgr f
r
g
t
ml ngs crlsags ml no Aopfnno Qfxtfbo, lb ln Sotfaobg4 y Zocoln, auyos gjros u
o
l
n
prfbafponls sgb no Lsaulno ml Otlbos y
Otlbos y vorfos Sårilbls agb ln Bfÿg. j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
=.1 No pfbturo cnoelbao

cnoelbao n
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
Lb ngs [oåsls Johgs, no eobfclstoafñb ortåstfao eïs fepgrtobtl cul no pfb- .
G
Q
L
turo. No lsaulno ﬊oelbao, agbgafmo ageg prfeftfvgs ﬊oelbags, ﬊grlafñ »
.
:
o
lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳 y tuvg sus prgpfgs rosigs. Ln prfbafpon cul no fbtrgmuaafñb ml f
r
g
t
s
f
no tæabfao mln ñnlg, qul agbsfstl lb mfsgnvlr ngs agngrls lb oalftl ml nfbozo. @
l
o
å
Ngs fbfafomgrls ml no lsaulno culrgb ngs `lreobgs Sob Lyad, agb ln pg- c
o
r
i
g
nåptfag mln Agrmlrg eåstfag. \bg ml lnngs, Hob Sob Lyad rlonfzñ toejfæb l
I
.
lxalnlbtls rltrotgs, ageg Ln eotrfegbfg Orbgn﬏bf. Gtrgs pfbtgrls mlsto- O
.
Q
,
O
O
V
gjros culrgblnZgilr
aomgs ageg Sob mlr Ylymlb, qul fbtrgmuhg ngs slbtfeflbtgs lb
Mlsalbmfeflbtg, y
Mlsalbmfeflbtg, y Ln Jgsag, qul lb Ln hormåb ml nos mlnfafos
mlnfafos B
O

G
[
arftfañ y aorfaoturfzñ no sgaflmom ml su æpgao o trovæs ml feïilbls y slrls \
Z
I
cobtïstfags. Ln eotrfegbfg Orbgncfbf, ml Hob vob Lyad. ©

=0

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Ageprlbmlr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos
:< Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs elalbos y tæabfao mln ñnlg. :0 ]lrefbo aomo crosl agb ln bgejrl ml ubo afumom
ftonfobo8
…………………………………………………………
o) Lb ln sfing PS, no aubo mln Zlboafeflbtg cul8
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… j) Lb ln sfing PSF, ln albtrg ortåstfag sl trosnomñ o8
…………………………………………………………
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao :6 Zlnoafgbo aomo pfbtgr agb ubo gjro8
:3 Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8
?. Nlgbormg
Nlgbo rmg mo Sfba
Sfbaff O. Lsaulno ml Otlbos
o) ·Mñbml y auïbmg surifñ ln Zlboafeflbtg7 :. Efiuln Ïbiln J. No Ifgagbmo
………………………………………………………… 1. Zocoln A. Aopfnno Qfxtfbo
j) ·Lb quæ sfing sl lxtlbmfñ pgr Lurgpo7 1; Agngao aomo irupg ml ortfstos lb su nuior agrrls-
………………………………………………………… pgbmflbtl8
Mgbotlnng4 a)o)Jrublnnlsa`f
Eosoaafg y yJgttfalnnf4
Onjlrtf. j) I`fjlrtf y
a) Auobmg òjnoegs ml _uottrgalbtg y ml Afb- Orquftlaturo Lsaunturo [fbturo
qulalbtg, ·o quæ sfings bgs rlclrfegs7
…………………………………………………………
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb

:9 Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S) 1? Lsarfjl aomo ortfsto lb su sfing agrrlspgbmflbtl8
g consos (C)8
Jrublnnlsa`f, Eosoaafg, Onjlrtf, I`fjlrtf, Efiuln
.
g
m
Ïbiln, Zocoln, Mgbotlnng, Nlgbormg mo Sfbaf y Jg-
o
z
f
r
g o) Ln pr
prfbafpon
fbafpon egmlng mln Zlboafeflbtg ttfalnnf.
t
u
o cul ln ortl rgeïbfag.
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
Qfing PS Qfing PSF
g
t
g
c
n
j) Ngs lmfcfafgs rlboalbtfstos sl òaåob o
o
f
r
l
t
lsaono ùeobo.
o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
:
a) Ln slr ùeobg cul ln prgtoigbfsto ml ls-
o
f
r
g
t
s
aunturos y pfbturos.
f
@
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
m) Lb ln Zlboafeflbtg, ln ortl vgnvfñ on ob-
l
I
.
O
.
trgpgalbtrfseg.
Q
,
O
O
V
B
O
l) Ngs elalbos prgtliåob o ngs ortfstos y
G
[
\
Z
agstlojob sus gjros.
I
©

=6

0 No `lilegbåo
lspoÿgno
lb ln sfing PSF
?<60
?<6; Zljlnfñb ml Oroiñb

?<00 F Mlrrgto ml no Oreomo Fbvlbafjnl.
F Ln Irlag pfbto Ln lbtflrrg

L
mln slÿgr ml Grioz
[
F
N
L
C
? Ln

fbfafg ml
lbnoLspoÿo.
Lmom
L
Egmlrbo ?<9?
M

G Sfatgrfo ml Nlpobtg, agbqufsto ml Cfnfpfbos
Ngs Zlyls Aotñnfags

M
Qujnlvoafñb ml ngs egrfsags
?<30 O
B
Qujnlvoafñb ml ngs
?<33 F [oåsls Johgs mln bgrtl
L
?<31 Fbfafg ml Ln Lsagrfon
No Lmom Egmlrbo sl fbfafñ lb Lspoÿo agb ln rlfbomg ml ngs Zlyls Ao- Z
tñnfags. Lb æn sl pusflrgb nos josls ml no `lilegbåo lspoÿgno lb Lurg- Sfatgrfo ml

?<<9 Qob _ufbtåb
po, agbsgnfmomo lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦 pgr Aorngs F y Clnfpl FF. ?<<3
?<<< [oz ml Ouisjurig
?.? No ubfñb mfbïstfao ml Aostfnno y Oroiñb

Oroiñb
F
No ubfñb ml Aostfnno y Oroiñb sl prgmuhg iroafos on eotrfegbfg ml Fsojln F
Q
ml Aostfnno y Clrbobmg FF ml Oroiñb (?=36). G
N
Ql trotñ sgng ml ubo ubfñb mfbïstfao4 pgr lsg, ngs tlrrftgrfgs ml nos mgs Z
O Agbqufsto
agrgbos sgng tuvflrgb lb ageøb o ngs egboraos, y aomo ubg eobtuvg sus A mln feplrfg
?<1? fbao
fbstftuafgbls, nlyls, agstuejrls y egblmos. L
M
No ubfñb mfbïstfao, sfb lejorig, plreftfñ lstojnlalr gjhltfvgs ageubls,
G
ageg no ubfmom tlrrftgrfon y rlnfifgso y ln cgrtonlafeflbtg mln pgmlr ml no ?<:9
M
Fbfafg mln [onoafg ml Aorngs F lb Irobomo
Arloafñb mln Agbslhg ml Fbmfos
egborquåo. O
B Cfbonfzo no prfelro vulnto on eubmg
?<:=
F
Aorngs ls lnlifmg leplromgr ml Onleobfo.
?<:: L Qujnlvoafñb ml nos Ageubfmomls
?.: No ubfmom tlrrftgrfon
tlrrftgrfon y rlnfifgso ?<:;
?<?6
Z
Zlvulnto ml nos Ilreobåos4
?<?6-?<:? Agbqufsto mln feplrfg oztlao
No ubf﬏aoafñb tlrrftgrfon sl ngirñ agb no oblxfñb o Aostfnno mln rlfbg bo- ?<?3
zorå ml Irobomo (?=6:) y mln rlfbg ml Bovorro (?<?:). ?<?<
Ql fbfafo no coaòmo
ml Qob Eorags
ml Nlñb
[oro agbsliufr no ubfmom rlnfifgso, ngs Zlyls Aotñnfags arlorgb ln ]rfju- ?<?1
Bøÿlz ml Jonjgo
bon ml no Fbqufsfafñb (?=90), ubo fbstftuafñb qul plrsliuåo o ngs `lrlhls4 y ?<?: mlsaujrl ln [oaåcfag .
g
m
o
gjnfiorgb o joutfzorsl g o eoraòrsl o ngs humågs (?=6:) y o ngs eumæhorls Q Oblxfñb ml Bovorro z
f
r
g
t
u
ml Irobomo (?<;;). G o
l
n
?<;1 A Ql arlo no Aoso ml Agbtrotoafñb j
o
f
p
F g
a
?.1 Ln cgrtonlafeflbtg ml no egborquåo
egborquåo ?=66 N Qujnlvoafñb ml ngs egrfsags ml Irobomo g
t
g
c
n
o
f
?=60 Ñ Sosag ml Ioeo nnlio o no Fbmfo r
l
t
Ngs Zlyls Aotñnfags fepnobtorgb ln Lstomg egmlrbg y no egborquåo ou- ?=63 ] Cfb ml no agbqufsto ml Aoborfos o
E
.
tgrftorfo lb Lspoÿo o trovæs ml nos sfiuflbtls elmfmos8 ?=6= O ]rotomg ml ]grmlsfnnos
Agbqufsto ml Irobomo, mlsaujrfeflbtg
G
Q
L
?=6: »
A .
• Fepusflrgb su outgrfmom. [oro lnng, sgeltflrgb o no onto bgjnlzo y o
ml Oeærfao, lxpunsfñb ml ngs humågs :
o
f
r
g
ngs eubfafpfgs, y agbvgaorgb lsaosoelbtl o nos Agrtls. Q
t
s
f
@
L l
• Elhgrorgb no omefbfstroafñb. [oro lnng, arlorgb Agbslhgs fbtliromgs V

Clrbobmg oaalml on trgbg ml Oroiñb.
]rotomg ml Onaoégvos
o
å
c
o
r
pgr hurfstos4 lstojnlaflrgb bulvgs fepulstgs, y egmlrbfzorgb ln lhæraf- ?=96 L Ql arlo no Fbqufsfafñb.
i
g
l
Ql mgjno ln aojg ml Julbo Lsplrobzo I
tg griobfzïbmgng lb tlrafgs. ?=90
Z
.
O
.
Q
Fsojln sl prganoeo ,
?=9= rlfbo ml Aostfnno O
• V
Zlonfzorgb ubo pgnåtfao lxtlrfgr ageøb. Iroafos o lnno, Oroiñb rlau- O
B
plrñ Bïpgnls, Qfafnfo, ln Zgslnnñb y no Alrmoÿo. Aostfnno agbqufstñ pnozos Eotrfegbfg ml ngs O

G
?=36 Zlyls Aotñnfags [
lb ln bgrtl ml Ïcrfao, aunefbñ no agbqufsto ml Aoborfos (?=63) y mlsau- \
Z
I
jrfñ Oeærfao (?=6:). No nåblo mln tflepg. ©

<;

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
? Jusao lb ln vgaojunorfg ln sfibfcfaomg ml ngs tæref- = Jusao no claò ml ngs oagbtlafeflbtgs sfiuflbtls, y
bgs Agbslhgs y tlrafgs, y obgto su mlcfbfafñb. grmæbongs ml cgreo argbgnñifao8
……………………………………………………………… o) Agbqufsto ml Aoborfos.
j) Lxpunsfñb ml ngs humågs.
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… a) Eotrfegbfg ml Fsojln y Clrbobmg.
m) Arloafñb mln ]rfjubon ml no Fbqufsfafñb.
l) Agbqufsto ml Irobomo.
: ·_uæ gjhltfvgs ageubls plreftflrgb lstojnlalr no
ubfñb mfbïstfao7 c) Fbagr
Fbagrpgroafñb
pgroafñb mln rlfbg ml Bovorro.
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
▾ Ageprlbmlr ln lspoafg ………………………………………………………………

1 Gjslrvo ln eopo fbclrfgr y bgejro ngs tlrrftgrfgs
qul ageprlbmåo ln rlfbg ml Aostfnno y no agrgbo ml
Oroiñb. < Agngao aomo `la`g `fstñrfag lb ln rlauomrg agrrls-
pgbmflbtl8 o) oblxfñb ml Irobomo o Aostfnno4 j) lx-
……………………………………………………………… punsfñb ml ngs humågs4 a) arloafñb mln ]rfjubon ml no
……………………………………………………………… Fbqufsfafñb4 m) fbagrp
fbagrpgroafñb
groafñb mln rlfbg ml Bovorro4
l) lxpunsfñb ml ngs eumæhorls ml Irobomo.
………………………………………………………………
\bfmom tlrrftgrfon \bfmom rlnfifgso
]lrrftgrfgs ml x Agbqufsto ml Bïpgnls

.
no agrgbo ml Aostfnno pgr Oncgbsg S ml Oroiñb
g
m
o
z
f
r
]lrrftgrfgs
no agrgbo mlmlOroiñb * Fbagrpgromo
ngs obtls ml
Zlyls Aotñnfags
g
t
u
o
l FE[LZFG
3 Qlÿono agb ubo P no crosl vlrmomlro8
n
j
o
f O N LE Ï B
p CZOBAG- @\BIZÅO
g
a
g
AGBMOMG
t SLBLAFO
g
c
n
o BOSOZZO
CZOBAFO Efnïb
FE[LZFG
LQ]OMGQ G]GEOBG
o) Ngs Zlyls Aotñnfags fepnobtorgb no
f
r ZGQLNNÑB
l
t
o GAÆOBG
Oblxfñb
(?<?:)
V ALZMOßO Iæbgvo
Almfmgs pgr
ML NO
FINLQFO egborquåo ojsgnuto.
E Crobafo (?=61)
. Sonnomgnfm Zgeo BÏ[GNLQ
G O] N Ï B ] F A G N OZOIÑB AO]ON\ßO Bïpgnls
(?==:)x
Q
L
»
O
I AOQ]FNNO OZOIÑB
Joralngbo
Alrmlÿo
j) No ubfñb ml Aostfnno y Oroiñb cul mfbïstfao.
.
: \ ]gnlmg
F. Jonlorls
Aoinforf
o
f Nfsjgo ] SONLBAFO [onlreg
r Z
g
t G Qlvfnno E o r E Qfafnfo
s
f
@ @oafo Oeærfao
[ IZOBOMO
Agbqufsto (?=6:) Oriln Juiåo
l
m
f
(?=96)
l (mlsml ?=6:)
t
(?<?;) (?<?;)
l
o
9 Agepnlto ngs lspoafgs lb jnobag ml lsto crosl8
r
å Elnfnno Grïb
r
c ï
o (?=69) (?<;6)
b
r F. Eomlfro l
g
i
g
l
I
.
O
.
Q
F. Aoborfos
L Q ]O M G Q Ngs Zlyls Aotñnfags arlorgb ……….........................
, Øntfeo oblxfñb (?=63) JLZJLZFQAGQ
O
V
O
B
O

........... fbtliromgs pgr hurfstos,
........................................ lstojnlaflrgb
y egmlrbfzorgb bulvgs
ln lhæraftg,
G
[ No [oneo (?=61) No Igelro (?==6) * Irob Aoborfo (?=01) Culrtlvlbturo (?=;0) *
\
Z
Ln @flrrg (?==<) * ]lblrfcl (?=63) Nobzorgtl (?=;:) * griobfzïbmgng lb ..............................
I
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<?

: No `lilegbåo `fspobo.
Aorngs F y Clnfpl FF
Lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦, Aorngs F (?<?3-?<<3) y Clnfpl FF (?<<3-?<60) agbsfiufl-
rgb fepgblr no `lilegbåo `fspobo lb Lurgpo y oepnfor
oepnforgb
gb nos pgs
pgslsfg-
lsfg-
bls lspoÿgnos lb tgmg ln eubmg.
Bg gjstobtl,
prgjnleos oejgsy egboraos
fbtlrbgs lxtlrbgs. tuvflrgb qul lbcrlbtorsl o buelrgsgs
:.? Ngs agbcnfatgs fbtlrbgs

fbtlrbgs
Aorngs F boafñ y sl arfg lb ngs [oåsls Johgs, y sualmfñ o su ojulng Clr-
bobmg ln Aotñnfag lb ?<?3. Agb æn sl fbfafñ no aoso ml Oustrfo.
Aorngs F (?<;;-?<<0).
O su nnliomo o Lspoÿo, mlsotñ ubo culrtl gpgsfafñb, yo qul bg òjnojo
aostlnnobg4 pfmfñ lbgrels sueos ml mfblrg poro ﬏bobafor su lnlaafñb
ageg leplromgr,
leplromgr, y mlhñ ln igjflrbg lb eobgs ml agbslhlrgs ﬊oelbags.
Lsto sftuoafñb prgvgañ mgs rlvulntos8 no ml nos Ageubfmomls lb Aostfnno
(?<:;-?<:?) y no ml nos Ilreobåos lb Sonlbafo y Eonngrao (?<?6-?<:1).
Clnfpl FF sl lbcrlbtñ o ubo rljlnfñb ml ngs egrfsags lb nos Onpuhorros
irobomfbos (?<30), aousomo pgr nos prlsfgbls qul sucråob poro ojobmg-
bor su rlnfifñb y sus agstuejrls4 y o ubo rljlnfñb lb Oroiñb (?<6;),
qul agbsfmlrojo qul nos oatuoafgbls mln rly bg rlspltojob sus culrgs g
mlrla`gs tromfafgbonls.
:.: Ngs agbcnfatgs lxtlrbgs

lxtlrbgs
Murobtl sus rlfbomgs, Aorngs F y Clnfpl FF tuvflrgb qul òalr crlbtl o Clnfpl FF (?<:9-?<60).
afbag irovls prgjnle
prgjnleos
os fbtlrboafgbonls8
• No rfvonfmom agb Crobafo. Lstl poås, qul sl vlåo «alraomg´ pgr nos pg-
slsfgbls lurgplos ml no aoso ml ngs Oustrfos, sl lbcrlbtñ o Aorngs F pgr
ln mgefbfg mln bgrtl ml Ftonfo. Ln agb﬊fatg sl rlsgnvfñ auobmg Clnfpl FF
mlrrgtñ o ngs crobalsls lb no jotonno ml Qob _ufbtåb (?<<9). .
g
m
o
z
f
r
• Ln ovobal mln feplrfg turag. Ngs turags oelbozorgb on feplrfg lb g
t
u
o
Albtrglurgpo y ln Elmftlrrïblg, mgbml sl onfojob agb ngs pfrotos bgr- l

n
j
o
f
p
tlocrfaobgs. Ln prgjnleo sl sgnuafgbñ agb no mlrrgto turao lb Nlpobtg g
a
g
t
(?<9?), iroafos o ubo onfobzo bovon ml Clnfpl FF, S
Slblafo
lblafo y ln popo. g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
• Ln prgjnleo prgtlstobtl lb Onleobfo, mgbml oniubgs pråbafpls sl o
E
.
agbvfrtflrgb on nutlrobfseg y rlanoeojob no outgbgeåo. ]ros buelrg- G

Q
L
»
sos iulrros, Aorngs F ﬏reñ no [oz ml Ouisjurig (?<<<), qul rlagbgaåo .
:
o
f
r
no nfjlrtom rlnfifgso lb Onleobfo. g
t
s
f
@
l
• No rljlnfñb ml ngs [oåsls Johgs, qul mlslojob onaobzor no outgbge
outgbgeåo,
åo, o
å
c
o
r
agbtro Clnfpl FF. Cfbonelbtl, cgreorgb nos [rgvfbafos \bfmos (?<96), i
g
l
I
fbmlplbmfzïbmgsl ml `la`g. .
O
.
Q
,
O
• V
Fbinotlrro. Lstl poås opgyojo no sujnlvoafñb ml ngs [oåsls Johgs y ngs O
B
otoquls ml ngs agrsorfgs on agelrafg agb Oeærfao. Clnfpl FF lbvfñ no O

G
[
Oreomo Fbvlbafjnl poro fbvomfr no fsno (?<00), plrg croaosñ, ng qul \
Z
I
supusg no prfelro irob mlrrgto ml no egborquåo `fspïbfao. ©

<:

\BFMOM

▾ Ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb lb ln lspoafg ▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao
0 Agb oyumo mln eopo, lsarfjl no `lrlbafo qul rlaf- ?; ·_uæ mgs egboraos rlfborgb lb Lspoÿo lb ln sf-
jfñ Aorngs F8 ing PSF y lb quæ claòs rlfbñ aomo ubg7
‑ Ml Fsojln F ml Aostfnno8 …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
‑ Ml Clrbobmg FF ml Oroiñb8
…………………………………………………………
?? Zlnoafgb
Zlnoafgboo ngs tærefbgs ml nos mgs agnuebos8
‑ Ml Eoråo ml Jgrigÿo8 ?. Zlvulnto ml nos Ageubfmomls O. ?<6;
………………………………………………………… :. Zlvulnto ml nos Ilreobå
Ilreobåos
os J. ?<:;-?<:?
‑ Ml Eoxfefnfobg ml Oustrfo8 1. Zljlnfñb ml nos Onpuhorros A. ?<?6-?
?<?6-?<:1
<:1
=. Zljlnfñb
Zljlnf ñb lb Oroiñ
Oroiñbb M. ?<30
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
Ml su ojulno eotlrbo, FBINO]LZZO
; :;; =;; 3;; de
?: Zlnoafgbo aomo `la`g agb ln rlfbomg ml Aorngs F

Fsojln F ml Aostfnno
Ml su ojulng eotlrbg, [ZGSFBAFOQ
Clrbobmg FF ml Oroiñb
Ml su ojulno potlrbo,
Eoråo ml Jgrigÿo
\BFMOQ
CNOBMLQV
FE[LZFG g ml Clnfpl FF8 o) Jotonno ml Qob _ufbtåb4 j) Jotonno
O N L E Ï B
Ml su ojulng potlrbg,
CZOBAG
@\BIZÅO
ml Nlpobtg4 a) [oz ml Ouisjurig4 m) Oreomo Fb-
Eoxfefnfobg ml Oustrfo
Nåeftl mln feplrfg
onleïb
A@OZGNOFQ
AGBMOMG O\Q]ZFO
LQ]FZFO
vlbafjnl4 l) Zljlnfñb ml ngs [oåsls Johgs.
]FZGN
AOZFB]FO
CZOBAFO
AOZBFGNO
BOSOZZO FE[LZFG Aorngs F Clnfpl FF
N G]GEOBG
O
I OZOIÑB
\
]
Z AOQ]FNNO
G Alrmlÿo
[ BÏ[GNLQ
Fsnos
Jonlorls
Fsnos Aoborfos
Elnfnno Qfafnfo
Oriln
Grïb Juiåo
vgaojunorfg
fg
.
g
m 6 ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
o
z
f
r
g
t
Agepnlto
rrlatg8 no mlcfbfafñb lsarfjflbmg ln tærefbg ag- ?1 Agepnlto agb ngs agbcnfatgs lxtlrbgs8
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
p
g o) Zlvulntos fbtlrbos gaurrfmos murobtl ln rlfbomg
a
g
t
g
c ml Aorngs F. ………………………………………………………
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
.
G
………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
Q
L
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.
:
o
f
j) Zljlnfñb aousomo pgr nos prlsfgbls qul sucråob
r
g
t
s
f
@
poro ojobmgbor su rlnfifñb. ………………………………………………………
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
…………………………………………………………
l
I
.
………………………………………………………
O
.
Q
,
a) [oz qul rlagbgaåo no nfjlrtom rlnfifgso lb Onl-
O
V
O
B
O

eobfo. ………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………
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<1

1 No agbqufsto y griobfzoafñb Vlneg

Egsqultl
ml Oeærfao
@grqufnno
1.? Lxpngroafgbls y agbqufstos Zlafpflbtls
Cfbonfzomo no cosl ml mlsaujrfeflbtg,
mlsaujrfeflbtg, lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦, ngs lspoÿgnls pr
prg-
g- poro pñnvgro
almflrgb o agbqufstor y griobfzor ln tlrrftgrfg oelrfaobg.
Nos bulvos lxpngroafgbls sl nnlvorgb o aojg, lb su eoygråo, lb ln rlf- Aoho agb
bomg ml Aorngs F. Oså, lb ?<?1, Sosag Bøÿlz ml Jonjgo mlsaujrfñ ln pñnvgro
eor mln Qur (gaæobg [oaå﬏ag)4 y lbtrl ?<?6 y?<::, Eoionnobls y Lnaobg Aonzgbls
ml poÿg
mflrgb no prfelro vulnto on eubmg.
No agbqufsto mln tlrrftgrfg cul ub prgalsg rïpfmg (?<:;-?<=<), y sl nnl- Lspomo
vñ o aojg lb mgs ltopos8
• Lb ubo prfelro ltopo sl fbagrpgrorgb ngs irobmls feplrfgs oelrf- Jgtos ml aulrg
aobgs8 @lrbïb Agrtæs agbqufstñ ln feplrfg oztlao (?<?6-?<:?) tros
tgeor su aopfton, ]lbga`tftnïb,
]lbga`tftnïb, y òalr prfsfgblrg
prfsfgblrg on rly Egatlzueo4 y Fbmuelbtorfo ml ub agbqufstomgr lspoÿgn.
Crobafsag [fzorrg agbqufstñ ln feplrfg fbao tros ohustfafor on rly Oto-
ùonpo y tgeor Auzag, su aopfton (?<1?).
• Lb ubo sliubmo ltopo sl fbagrpgrorgb ln rlstg ml Oeærfao Albtron
yAonfcgrbfo)
mln Qur, lxalptg Jrosfn4
y nos fsnos ln sur ml
Cfnfpfbos, lb Oeærfao mln Bgrtl (Cngrfmo, ]lxos,
Osfo (?<9?).
1.: No griobfzoafñb ml nos Fbmfos

]ros no agbqufsto, nos Fbmfos sl fbagrpgrorgb o Aostfnno, qul pgag o pgag
griobfzñ su igjflrbg y omefbfstroafñb.
Ln igjflrbg ml ngs bulvgs tlrrftgrfgs sl lbagelbmñ on Agbslhg ml Fb-
mfos, ub bulvg griobfseg arlomg lb ?<:= qul agbtrgnojo mlsml Aostfnno
ngs osubtgs oelrfaobgs.
No omefbfstroafñb mln tlrrftgrfg sl griobfzñ lb vfrrl
vfrrlfbot gs (Bulvo Ls-
fbotgs GAÆOBG
poÿo y [lrø), oepnfgs tlrrftgrfgs igjlrbomgs pgr vfrrlyls g rlprlslbtob-
SFZZ LFB O]G M L B \LSO LQ[Oß O
tls mln rly4 igjlrboafgbls g prgvfbafos, eobmomos pgr igjlrbomgrls4 y No @ojobo
O ] N Ï B ] F A G
.
Slroaruz g
m
Eæxfag o
aojfnmgs g eubfafpfgs, rlifmgs pgr ub oyubtoeflbtg. [oro no omefbfstro- Qobtg z
f
r
afñb ml hustfafo, sl arlorgb Oumflbafos. Aortoilbo
ml Fbmfos
Mgefbig
Aueobï
g
t
u
o
[grtgjlng l
n
[oboeï j
o
f
S FZ Z L F B O] G p
1.1 Nos agbslaulbafos ml no agbqufsto _uftg
Iuoyoqufn
ML [LZØ
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
Aohoeorao o
f
Nos agbslaulbafos ml no agbqufsto ml Oeærfao culrgb mfstfbtos poro ngs Aonnog
Nfeo
r
l
t
o
puljngs oelrfaobgs y poro Aostfnno8 GAÆOBG Auzag
E
.
G
Q
L
•[oro ngs puljngs oelrfaobgs culrgb, lb ilblron, bliotfvos8 mlsoporl- »
.
:
aflrgb sus feplrfgs4 ngs fbmfgs sucrflrgb ub culrtl mlsalbsg mlegirï﬏- [ O A Å C F A G Osubafñb
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
ag mljfmg o ngs trojohgs cgrzomgs y o nos lbclrelmomls4 ojobmgborgb su Sonporoåsg
@
l
lagbgeåo tromfafgbon4 qulmorgb sujgrmfbomgs sgafonelbtl o ngs agb- Qobtfoig Julbgs Ofrls o
å
c
o
r
i
qufstomgrls, y mlsoporlaflrgb sus obtfiuos aunturos. g
l
I
; ?<;; de .
[uljngs grfifborfgs
•[oro Aostfnno, no agbqufsto ﬏bobafñ no `lilegbåo lurgplo lb ln sfing ]lrrftgrfgs
]lrrftgrfgs gaupomgs pgr8
O
.
Q
,
O
Lspoÿo Crobafo V
󰁰󰁳󰁦4 supusg ubo
ln agelrafg4 lnlvomo
prgvgañ ubolefiroafñb4
culrtl sujfmolstfeunñ no lagbgeåo4
ml prlafgs mlsorrgnnñ
pgr no ojubmobafo ml [grtuion [oåsls Johgs
O
B
O

G
Irob Jrltoÿo [
eltonls prlafgsgs, l fepunsñ aflbafos ageg no aortgirocåo, no ilgirocåo, \
Z
I
g no jfgngiåo. Ïrlos ml fbcnulbafo. ©

<=

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
?= Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs Agbslhg ml Fbmfos y vfrrlfbotg. ?0 Lsarfjl on nomg ml aomo crosl sf sl troto ml ubo
lxpngroafñb (L) g ml ubo agbqufsto (A).
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… o) Fbagrpgroafñb mln feplrfg oztlao.
………………………………………………………… j) [rfelro vulnto on eubmg.

…………………………………………………………
a) Mlsaujrfeflbtg mln eor mln Qur.
?< Jusao lb ln vgaojunorfg ln tærefbg oumflbafos y
m) Fbagrpgroafñb mln feplrfg fbao.
obgto su sfibfcfaomg.
………………………………………………………… l) Fbagrpgroafñb ml Oeærfao Albtron
y mln Qur.
…………………………………………………………
?6 Lsarfjl on nomg ml aomo `la`g no claò lb no qul
?3 ·[gr quæ òb posomg o no `fstgrfo ngs plrsgbohls
sfiuflbtls7 tuvg nuior8
o) Mlsaujrfeflbtg mln eor mln Qur ................
o) Sosag Bøÿlz ml Jonjgo8
j) [rfelro vulnto on eubmg ................
………………………………………………………… a) Arloafñb mln Agbslhg ml Fbmfos ................
j) Eoionnobls y Lnaobg8 m) Fbagrpgroafñb ml nos fsnos C
Cfnfpfbos
fnfpfbos ................

a) @lrbïb Agrtæs y Crobafsag [fzorrg8 :; Agepnlto nos sfiuflbtls crosls8
o) Ln igjflrbg ml ngs bulvgs tlrrftgrfgs sl lbag-
………………………………………………………… elbmñ on ……………………..
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs j) No omefbfstroafñb mln tlrrftgrfg sl griobfzñ lb
u
o ………………………
l
n
j
o
f
?9 Gjslrvo ln mfjuhg ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr y rlmoato
p
g
a
g
t
ub tlxtg jrlvl lxpnfaobmg añeg lro no fbmuelbto- a) [oro omefbfstror no hustfafo, sl arlorgb ..........
g
c
n
o
f
r
rfo ml ngs agbqufstomgrls lspoÿgnls. ……………………….
l
t
o
E
.
G
Q
………………………………………………………… :? Agepnlto lstl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl nos agbsl-
L
»
.
: aulbafos ml no agbqufsto ml Oeærfao.
o
f
r
g
t
…………………………………………………………
s
f
@
l
o ………………………………………………………… [uljngs oelrfaobgs Aostfnno
å
c
o
r
i
g
l
I
.
O
…………………………………………………………
.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O

…………………………………………………………
G
[
\
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…………………………………………………………
I
©

<<

= Ln ortl rlboalbtfsto
lb Lspoÿo
Lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦 agelbzñ no ltopo eïs ﬊grlaflbtl ml no aunturo lspoÿgno,
ln Qfing ml Grg, qul sl prgngb
prgngbiñ
iñ toejfæb murobtl ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦󰁦.
=.?
No lvgnuafñb ml no orquftlaturo
orquftlaturo
No orquftlaturo rlboalbtfsto lspoÿgno sl fbspfrñ lb egmlngs ftonfobgs. \bfvlrsfmom ml Qonoeobao.
Lb su lvgnuafñb sl mfstfbiulb trls plrågmgs g lstfngs8
•Ln pnotlrlsag (?<;;-?<1;) eobtuvg nos cgreos iñtfaos lb ln fbtlrfgr,
plrg rlaujrfñ nos coaòmos agb mlagroafñb rlboalbtfsto. Lsto fbanuåo
elmonngbls, lsaumgs y irutlsags, rlonfzomgs agb ubo efbuafgsfmom
slelhobtl on trojohg ml ub pnotlrg, ml mgbml prgalml ln bgejrl mln
lstfng. Lhlepngs bgtojnls sgb nos coaòmos ml no ubfvlrsfmom ml Qono-
eobao y mln agbvlbtg ml Qob Eorags ml Nlñb.
•Ln purfseg (?<1;-?<3;) omgptñ ngs lnlelbtgs agbstruatfvgs rlboalb-
tfstos y sfepnf﬏añ y ouelbtñ ln toeoÿg ml no mlagroafñb. Ngs prfbaf-
ponls lmf﬏afgs sgb ln ponoafg ml Aorngs F, lb Irobomo, y no coaòmo ml
no ubfvlrsfmom ml Onaonï ml @lborls.
• Ln `lrrlrfobg (?<3;-?3;;) tgeo ln bgejrl ml su orquftlatg eïs co-
egsg, Huob ml @lrrlro. Ql aoroatlrfzñ pgr nos cgreos sfepnls, nos au-
\bfvlrsfmom ml Onaonï ml @lborls.
jflrtos lxtlrfgrls ml pfzorro y no mlsbumlz mlagrotfvo. Ln lmf﬏afg eïs
fepgrtobtll cul ln egbostlrfg-ponoafg ml Ln Lsagrfon.
fepgrtobt
=.: No lsaunturo rlboalbtfsto

rlboalbtfsto
No lsaunturo rlboalbtfsto lspoÿgno ml no æpgao prlslbto rosigs plaunforls
lb rlnoafñb agb no mln rlstg ml Lurgpo, puls ngs lsauntgrls
lsau ntgrls arlorg
arlorgb
b ub lstf-
ng prgpfg. Ls ubo lsaunturo rlonfsto, ml tleïtfao prfbafponelbtl rlnfifgso,
y albtromo lb tonnos lb eomlro pgnfargeomo, rltojngs, sfnnlråos ml agrg y
slpunargs.
.
g
m
o
Ngs lsauntgrls
afg ml Fsooa y noeïs
Fsooa y mlstoaomgs
sfnnlråo culrgbmlOngbsg
ml no aotlmron ]gnlmg),mly Huob
Jlrruiultl (Ln
Huob ml Hubf (Lnsoarf﬏-
lbtfl-
z
f
r
g
t
u
rrg ml Arfstg y
Arfstg y no Sfrilb ml nos Obiustfos). Egbostlrfg ml Ln Lsagrfon. o
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
=.1 No pfbturo rlboalbtfsto
rlboalbtfsto g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
No pfbturo rlboalbtfsto lspoÿgno lstuvg fb﬊ufmo pgr ngs irobmls eolstrgs E
.
G
ftonfobgs, y su tleïtfao cul prfbafponelbtl rlnfifgso. Ngs pfbtgrls eïs Q
L
»
.
mlstoaomgs culrgb [lmrg Jlrruiultl, Nufs ml Egronls, Huob ml Huobls, :
o
f
r
g
Sfalbtl Eosfp y, sgjrl tgmg, Ln Irlag. t
s
f
@
l
No pfbturo ml Ln Irlag sl aoroatlrfzñ pgr nos ﬏iuros ml prgpgrafgbls o
å
c
o
r
onoriomos, qul sulnlb omgptor pgsturos agepnlhos4 nos agepgsfafgbls i
g
l
I
agepnfaomos4 nos nuals culrtls, jrfnnobtls l frrlonls4 ub agngrfmg ml tgbgs .
O
.
Q
crågs (ozunls, irfsls), y no tleïtfao rlnfifgso y ml rltrotgs. ,
O
V
O
Lbtrl sus gjros eïs agbgafmos sl lbaulbtrob Ln lxpgnfg (?<99),
lxpgnfg (?<99), Ln eortf- B
O

G
rfg ml Qob Eourfafg (?<0;), Ln lbtflrrg mln slÿgr ml Grioz (?<00)
(?<00) y rltro- [
\
Z
tgs ageg Ln aojonnlrg ml no eobg lb ln pla`g
pla`g (?<0=).
(?<0=). Sfrilb ml nos Obiustfos.
I
©

<3

\BFMOM

▾ Agbgalr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos ▾ Obonfzor lstfngs, ortfstos y gjros
:: ·_uæ bgejrl rlafjlb ngs trls lstfngs ml no orquf- :3 Mlsarfjl ln egbostlrfg-ponoafg ml Ln Lsagrfon, fb-
tlaturo rlboalbtfsto lb Lspoÿo y auïn ls su argbg-
argbg - mfaobmg ageg eåbfeg sus mlplbmlbafos y oniu-
ngiåo7 bos aoroatlråstfaos mln lstfng.
Finlsfo Qonñb
………………………………………………………… [onoafg rlon [otfg mln
………………………………………………………… trgbg
Agnlifg [otfg
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
:1 Bgejro nos aoroatlråstfaos ml no lsaunturo rlbo-

albtfsto.
………………………………………………………… [otfg
………………………………………………………… Agbvlbtg agb

sus auotrg
anoustrgs Qonos aopftunorls
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
:= Lsarfjl hubtg o aomo lsauntgr sus gjros eïs rl-
prlslbtotfvos. …………………………………………………………
o) Ongbsg ml Jlrruiultl .....………………………. …………………………………………………………
……………………………………..
……………………………………...................
...........................
.......... :9 Lsarfjl nos aoroatlråstfaos ml no pfbturo ml Ln Irl-
ag qul sl oprlafob lb lstl auomrg.
j) Huob
Huob ml Hubf ……………………………………….
……………………………………..
……………………………………...................
...........................
..........
.
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:< Zlnoafgbo nos sfiuflbtls gjros y aoroatlråstfaos
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agb ub lstfng orquftlatñbfag8 o) Ln Lsagrfon4 j) [o-
o
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a
g
noafg ml Aorngs F4 a) \bfvlrsfmom ml Qonoeobao4 m)
t
g
c
n
o
f
mlagroafñb euy efbuafgso4 l) cgreos sfepnls4 c)
r
l
t
o ouelbtg mln toeoÿg ml no mlagroafñb.
E
.
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Lstfngs Gjros y aoroatlråstfaos
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<9

6 Ln sfing PSFF.
Ojsgnutfseg
y Jorrgag
? Lb Ln
ln sfinglspoafg
󰁰󰁳󰁦󰁦, lb Lurgpo yy ln tflepg
lb Lspoÿo sl prgmuhlrgb fepgrtobtls
aoejfgs8 no pærmfmo ml no `lilegbåo ml no egborquåo `fspïbfao, ln posg
ml no egborquåo outgrftorfo o no egborquåo ojsgnuto y ln surifeflbtg ml
ub bulvg lstfng ortåstfag, ln Jorrgag.
?.? No sftuoafñb fbtlrboafgbon

Lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦󰁦, no sftuoafñb fbtlrboafgbon lstuvg eoraomo pgr mgs fe-
pgrtobtls agb﬊fatgs8
• No iulrro ml ngs ]rlfbto Oÿgs (?3?0-?3=0) agelbzñ ageg ub agb-
﬊fatg onleïb qul lbcrlbtñ on leplromgr, aotñnfag y portfmorfg ml no
ubfmom mln feplrfg, agb ngs pråbafpls onleobls, prgtlstob
prgtlstobtls
tls y mlclb-
sgrls ml su outgbg
outgbgeåo.
eåo. Ln lbcrlbtoeflb
lbcrlbtoeflbtg
tg sl fbtlrboafgbonfzñ auobmg
oejgs agbtlbmflbtls rlafjflrgb ln opgyg ml gtrgs poåsls. Ageg rl-
suntomg, Lspoÿo y ln leplromgr culrgb mlrrgtomgs lb Zgargf
Zg argf (?3=1) y
﬏reorgb no [oz ml Ylstconfo (?3=0). Lb lnno, ln leplromgr oalptojo
no tgnlrobafo rlnfifgso y Lspoÿo agbalmåo no fbmlplbmlbafo o nos [rg-
vfbafos \bfmos.
\bfmos. Nufs PFS ml Crobafo.
• No iulrro lbtrl Lspoÿo y Crobafo lbcrlbtñ o lstgs mgs poåsls pgr
agbsliufr no `lilegbåo lurgplo. Lspoÿo cul mlrrgtomo y ﬏reñ no [oz
ml ngs [frfblgs (?3<6), pgr no qul almåo o Crobafo ngs tlrrftgrfgs ao-
tonobls sftuomgs on bgrtl ml ngs [frfblgs y sl ﬏hojo no crgbtlro lbtrl
ngs mgs poåsls lb lsto agrmfnnlro. No poz supusg ln ﬏b ml no `lilegbåo
lspoÿgno lb Lurgpo y ln ageflbzg ml no crobalso.
.
g
m
o
Egborquåos ojsgnutos
z
f
?.: r
g
t
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y sfstleos pornoelbtorfgs l

n
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Lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦󰁦, no eoygråo ml ngs lstomgs lurgplgs posñ ml no egbor- t
g
c
n
o
f
quåo outgrftorfo o no egborquåo ojsgnuto. Bg gjstobtl, lb oniubgs poå- r
l
t
o
sls sl fepusg ln pornoelbtorfseg
pornoelbtorfseg.. E
.
G
Q
• Lb nos egborquåos ojsgnutos ln rly agbalbtrñ tgmgs ngs pgmlrls mln L
»
.
:
Lstomg y igjlrbñ sfb agbtor agb nos fbstftuafgbls tromfafgbonls, ageg o
f
r
g
t
s
nos Agrtls g [ornoelbtgs. Ln elhgr lhlepng ml egborao ojsgnutg cul f
@
l
Nufs PFS ml Crobafo (?3=1-?9?<), agbgafmg agb ln sgjrlbgejrl mln o
å
c
o
r
i
«Zly Qgn´. g
l
I
.
• Ngs sfstleos pornoelbtorfgs sl fepusflrgb lb Fbinotlrro, mgbml O

.
Q
,
O
V
tros nos rlvgnuafgbls ml ?3=; y ?300 ln rly ﬏reñ ubo Mlanoroafñb ml O
B
Mlrla`gs (?306) qul nl gjnfiojo o auepnfr nos nlyls oprgjomos pgr ln O

G
[
[ornoelbtg4 y lb nos [rgvfbafos \bfmos, mgbml tros no fbmlplbmlbafo \
Z
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ml Lspoÿo sls l fepnobtñ ubo rlpøjnfao. Iufnnlreg FFF ml Crobafo. ©

<0

\BFMOM

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
? ·_uæ aoejfgs sl prgmuhlrgb lb Lurgpo murobtl ln < Fbmfao lb aomo crosl sf ls vlrmomlro (S) g conso (C)8
sfing PSFF7
o) Ln pgmlr mln rly ojs
ojsgnutg
gnutg prgvflbl ml
mlnn
……………………………………………………………… puljng.
……………………………………………………………… j) rlspgbsojnl
Lb no egborquåo pornoelbtorfo,
ml sus oatgs obtl ln
ln rly ls
[orno-
……………………………………………………………… elbtg.
: ·Añeg agelbzñ y añeg tlrefbñ no iulrro ml ngs a) ]ros su fbmlplbmlbafo ml Lspoÿo, lb nos
]rlfbto O
Oÿgs7
ÿgs7 [rgvfbafos \bfmos sl fepnobtñ ubo rlpø-
jnfao.
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
……………………………………………………………… 3 O portfr ml no fbcgreoafñb mln tlxtg, lxpnfao, agb tus
prgpfos ponojros, qufæb cul Nufs PFS ml Crobafo.
1 ·_uæ mgauelbtg gjnfiojo o ub rly o auepnfr nos nl-
………………………………………………………………
yls mln [ornoelbtg7
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
▾ Ageprlbmlr ln lspoafg
vgaojunorfg
fg
9 Gjslrvo ln eopo y afto nos pgslsfgbls lspoÿgnos
= Lsarfjl ln tærefbg mlcfbfmg8 lb Lurgpo mlspuæs ml no [oz ml Ylstconfo.
o) Egborquåo lb no qul ln rly agbalbtro tgmgs ngs Nåeftl mln feplrfg ]lrrftgrfgs ml no aoso ]lrrftgrfgs lspoÿgnls
onleïb ml @ojsjurig
pgmlrls mln Lstomg. Fbagrpgromg o Crobafo tros no [oz ml ngs [frfblgs
; :;; =;; 3;; de
*
……………………………………………………………… Q \ L A F O
O
Gsng
Lstgagneg
Z\QFO
j) [oz qul supusg ln cfb ml no `lilegbåo lspoÿgno Eo r
MFBOEOZAO
.
g
m
lb Lurgpo. ml n
Bg rt l Eor
o
z FZNOBMO Agplbòiul Jïntfag
f
r Mujnåb
g
t
u
o
……………………………………………………………… FBINO]LZZO
[rusfo
l
n [ZGSFBAFOQ Jrobmlejurig
\BFMOQ Sorsgvfo
j
o
f
GAÆOBG Ngbmrls
p [oåsls JohgsFE[LZFG [GNGBFO
g
a
g
t
a) Lstomg lurgplg lb ln qul sl fepnobtñ ubo rlpø- O] NÏ B] F AG
lspoÿgnls ONL EÏB
QFNLQFO
g
c Eltz
n
o
f
r
jnfao lb ln sfing PSFF. [orås
Slrmøb
Crobag Onsoafo
JG@LEFO
Sflbo @\BIZÅO
l
t O\Q]ZFO
o Agbmomg
E Q\FXO ]FZGN
.
G
……………………………………………………………… CZOBAFO
QOJGVO
Efnïb AOZFB]FO F E [L Z F G
Q Slblafo G ] G E O B G
L Iæbgvo
»
. Cngrlbafo MONEOAFO
: N Eorslnno
O
o
f
r
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t
m) Egborao agbgafmg agb ln sgjrlbgejrl ml «Zly I
\ Eomrfm
Zgslnnñb *
Joralngbo
Añralio
LQ]OMGQ
ML NO FINLQFO
EGB]LBLIZG
s Nfsjgo ] Zgeo

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Qgn´. Z
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LQ[OßO
[ Alrmlÿo BÏ[GNLQ
o
å Qlvfnno F. Jonlorls
c Otlbos
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……………………………………………………………… F. Aoborfos E o r
E l m f t l r
r ï b
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l) Iulrro qul agelbzñ ageg ub agbcnfatg onleïb
V
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lbtrl ln leplromgr y ngs pråbafpls. ………………………………………………………………

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©

<6

: No egborquåo `fspobo
y sus prgj
prgjnleos
nleos
Lb Lspoÿo rlfborgb lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦󰁦 ngs Oustrfos elbgrls8 Clnfpl FFF
(?<60-?3:?), Clnfpl FS (?3:?-?33<) y Aorngs FF (?33<-?9;;). Agb lnngs
sl prgmuhg no prgirlsfvo mlaomlbafo pgnåtfao, mlegirï﬏ao y lagbñefao.
:.? No pgnåtfao ml no egborquåo

Lb Lspoÿo toejfæb sl fepnobtñ no egborquåo ojsgnuto, oubqul ngs rlyls
mlnliorgb nos torlos ml igjflrbg lb vonfmg
vonfmgs,s, plrsgbos ml su ojsgnuto agb-
﬏obzo qul ng lhlraflrgb lb su bgejrl. Cul ln aosg ml ngs muquls
muquls ml Nlreo
y ml \almo, lb ln rlfbomg ml Clnfpl FFF, g mln agbml-muqul ml Gnfvorls, lb ln
ml Clnfpl FS.
Omleïs, bg sl fepnobtñ ubo egborquåo albtronfzomo, sfbg qul aomo aom o tlrrf-
tgrfg eobtuvg su prgpfo griobfzoafñb.
:.: Nos mfcfauntomls mlegirïcfaos

mlegirïcfaos Ln agbml-muqul ml Gnfvorls, ml Slnïzqulz.
y lagbñefaos
• No pgjnoafñb lspoÿgno sl rlmuhg ml 0 o 3 efnngbls ml òjftobtls. Nos
aousos culrgb nos agbtfbuos iulrros, nos eonos agslaòs, nos lpfmlefos
ml plstl jujñbfao, no culrtl lefiroafñb o Oeærfao y no lxpunsfñb ml ngs
egrfsags, mlarltomo lb ln rlfbomg ml Clnfpl FFF (?3;6) y qul supusg no
sonfmo ml Lspoÿo ml ubos 1;; ;;; plrsgbos.
• No oirfaunturo otrovlsñ ubo culrtl arfsfs o aouso ml nos iulrros, nos eo-
nos agslaòs y no lxpunsfñb ml ngs egrfsags, qul prgvgañ ln ojobmgbg ml
aflrtgs auntfvgs, ageg ngs ml ùlrto, lb covgr ml ngs alrlonls.
• No fbmustrfo tuvg lsaosg mlsorrgnng. Nos rfqulzos troåmos ml Oeærfao lb
ln sfing obtlrfgr bg sl lepnlorgb lb prgegvlrno sfbg lb agepror prg-
muatgs lxtrobhlrgs. ]gmg lnng prgvgañ ubo prgcubmo arfsfs ml ngs irlefgs.
• Ln agelrafg agb Oeærfao mlaoyñ, mljfmg o ngs otoquls ml ngs pfrotos o .
g
m
o
nos ﬊gtos y o no irob lxtlbsfñb mln agbtrojobmg y mln agelrafg fnlion. z
f
r
g
t
u
o
Xgbo ml E o r A o b t ï j r f a g l
n
j
prgpoioafñb O Crobafo o
f
?3<;-?3<: p
?3=9 g
a
g
t
?3=0-?3=6 @ulsao g
c
?3<;-?3<? ?3<? n
o
f
r
Mfrlaafñb ml l
t
no prgpoioafñb Xoroigzo o
E
; ?;; :;; de ?3<:
]orroigbo Joralngbo .
G
Q
]grtgso L
»
Egro ml Zujflngs ?3<; .
:
?3=0 o
f
r
g
t
s
Nnlio o Sonlbafo [oneo f
@
mlsml Oriln Sonlbafo
Sonlbafo l
?3=9 o
å
c
GAÆOBG A`fba`fnno ?3=6 O Alrmlÿo
o
r
i
Onfaobtl g
Añrmgjo Eurafo ?3=0
y Bïpgnls l
?3=9 g I
O]N ÏB ]F AG .
ï b
l
O
.
@ulnvo Qlvfnno Hoæb Ngrao r Q
r ,
?3=6 t l
f O
Eïnoio E l m
V
O
Aïmfz r B
O
E o
G
Ifjrontor ?3=6 [
\
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Mfcusfñb ml no plstl lb ln sfing PSFF. ©

3;

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Ageprlbmlr fbcgreoafñb irïcfao
0 Mlcfbl ln tærefbg vonfmg. ?1 Obonfzo ln auomrg lstomåstfag fbclrfgr ml no pgjno-
afñb lurgplo, y rlspgbml8
…………………………………………………………
Lvgnuafñb ml no pgjnoafñb lurgplo lb ln sfing PSFF
………………………………………………………… (efnngbls ml òjftobtls)
?3; ; ?9;; ?3; ; ?9;;

Crobafo ?0 ?6 Qulafo ? ?,=
Lspoÿo 0 3 Lstomgs onleobls ?0 ?;
6 Bgejro ngs egboraos lspoÿgnls mln sfing
PSFF
Fbinotlrro =,< <,
<,< Lstomgs ftonfobgs ?: ??,<
y obgto, hubtg o aomo ubg, no argbgngiåo ml su [rgvfbafos \bfmos ?
?,,1 ?,3 Zusfo ?? ?:
rlfbomg.
………………………………………………………… o) ·_uæ oÿgs ageporo7 .................
..................................
....................
...
………………………………………………………… j) ·_uæ poåsls ouelbtorgb y quæ poåsls mfsef-

buylrgb su pgjnoafñb7
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?; Afto nos aousos mln mlsalbsg ml no pgjnoafñb ls-
poÿgno lb ln sfing PSFF. a) ·Lb auïbtgs efnngbls ml òjftobtls ouelbtñ
g mfsefbuyñ no pgjnoafñb lspoÿgno lb ln sfing
………………………………………………………… PSFF 7
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls ▾ Ageprlbmlr ln lspoafg

?? Zlnoafgbo agb no oirfaunturo, no fbmustrfo g ln ag- ?= Agb oyumo ml ub otnos, lsarfjl nos prgvfbafos ls-
elrafg8 o) lxpunsfñb ml ngs egrfsags4 j) ojobmg- poÿgnos oclatomos pgr no plstl lb ln sfing PSFF.
bg ml aflrtgs auntfvgs4 a) agbtrojobmg4 m) agepro
…………………………………………………………
ml prgmuatgs lxtrobhlrgs4 l) arfsfs ml ngs irlefgs4
c) otoquls ml ngs pfrotos o nos cngtos. …………………………………………………………
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t
Oirfaunturo Fbmustrfo Agelrafg …………………………………………………………
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
?< Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg rlsuelb sgjrl ngs
n
o
f
r
l
t
prgjnleos lagbñefags8
o
E
.
G
Q
L
?: Qftøo lb ln nuior agrrlspgbmflbtl8 o) muqul ml Oirfaunturo Fbmustrfo Agelrafg
»
.
:
o
f
Nlreo4 j) agbml-muqul ml Gnfvorls4 a) muqul ml
r
g
t
s
f
@
\almo.
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
Clnfpl FFF Clnfpl FS
l
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©

3?

1 Ln ortl
or tl jorrgag
jorrgag
1.? Nos aoroatlråstfaos mln bulvg
bulvg lstfng
Ln Jorrgag surifñ lb ln sfing 󰁰󰁳󰁦󰁦 lb no Zgeo ml ngs popos. Cul ub lstfng
aoroatlrfzomg pgr no bgvlmom, ln egvfeflbtg, ngs agbtrostls, ln iustg
pgr ng sgrprlbmlbtl y ng tlotron, y ln mlslg ml prgvgaor legafñb.
Ngs anflbtls prfbafponls mln ortl culrgb no Finlsfo aotñnfao, qul ng usñ
poro òalr prgpoiobmo ml su mgatrfbo crlbtl on prgtlstobtfseg4 ngs eg-
boraos ojsgnutfstos, qul ng utfnfzorgb poro eobfclstor su pgmlr, y no jur-
iulsåo lbrfqulafmo, qul egstrojo oså su æxftg lagbñefag.
1.: No orquftlaturo jorrgao

Ngs lnlelbtgs orquftlatñbfags (eurgs, pnobtos, sgpgrtls, orags, au-
Agnuebos songeñbfaos mln Jonmoqufbg ml
jflrtos) tflblb ub irob egvfeflbtg pgr ln usg ml nåblos aurvos. Ln el- Qob [lmrg, ml Jlrbfbf.
hgr lhlepng ls no agnuebo «songeñbfao´, ml custl rltgrafmg
rltgrafmg.. Ngs lmf-
﬏afgs prfbafponls culrgb nos finlsfos, qul omgptorgb o vlals pnobtos
gvonomos, lnåptfaos g efxtfnåblos, y ngs ponoafgs.
Nos lsaulnos orquftlatñbfaos prfbafponls sl ngaonfzorgb lb Ftonfo, mgbml
mlstoaorgb no agnueboto ml no pnozo ml Qob [lmrg y ln Jonmoqufbg ml
Qob
nnls4 [lmrg, rlonfzomos
y lb Lspoÿo, agb pgr Jlrbfbf4
no [nozo lb yCrobafo,
Eoygr agb ln ponoafg
ln Oyubtoeflbtg ml Slrso-
ml Eomrfm.
Æxtosfs ml Qobto ]lrlso, ml Jlrbfbf.
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t
u
o
l
n
Agnueboto ml Qob [lmrg mln Sotfaobg, ml Jlrbfbf. j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
No lsaunturo y no pfbturo jorrgaos

jorrgaos
c
n
1.1 o
f
r
l
t
o
E
No lsaunturo y no pfbturo jorrgaos tuvflrgb lb ageøb aoroatlrls ilbl- .
G
Q
ronls ageg ln boturonfseg
boturonfseg,, no lxprlsfvfmom, ln egvfeflbtg, ngs agbtros- L
»
.
:
tls ml nuals y sgejros, y nos agepgsfafgbls agepnlhos. Ngs tleos prfb- o
f
r
g
t
s
afponls culrgb rlnfifgsgs, eftgnñifags, ml no vfmo agtfmfobo y rltrotgs. f
@
l
o
Mlbtrg ml no lsaunturo, lb Ftonfo mlstoañ Ifobngrlbzg Jlrbfbf, qul rlo- å
c
o
r
i
nfzñ ln Æxtosfs ml Qobto ]lrlso. Lb
]lrlso. Lb Lspoÿo ngs lsauntgrls sl albtrorgb g
l
I
.
lb no tonno ml feïilbls rlnfifgsos lb eomlro pgnfargeomo, mlstoaobmg O
.
Q
,
O
V
Irligrfg Clrbïbmlz, Eortåblz Egbtoÿæs y Ongbsg Aobg. O
B
Lb no pfbturo mlstoaorgb Aorovoiifg, lb Ftonfo (Sgaoafñb ml Qob Eotlg)4
Eotlg)4 O

G
[
Zlejrobmt, lb @gnobmo (Agbvlrsfñb ml Qob [ojng)4 Zujlbs,
[ojng)4 Zujlbs, lb Cnobmls (Nos \
Z
I
Iroafos)4 y Slnïzqulz, lb Lspoÿo (Nos Elbfbos, No rlbmfafñb ml Jrlmo).
trls Iroafos)4 y Nos ]rls Iroafos, ml Zujlbs. ©

3:

\BFMOM

vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Obonfzor lstfngs, ortfstos y gjros
?3 Mlcfbl ngs tærefbgs jorrgag y agnuebo songeñbfao. :? Nll no sfiuflbtl fbcgreoafñb sgjrl Slnïzqulz y bu-
elro ngs auomrgs ml cgreo argbgnñifao.
…………………………………………………………
Mflig Zgmråiulz ml Qfnvo y Slnïzqulz (?<66-?33;) ag-
………………………………………………………… elbzñ su cgreoafñb lb Qlvfnno mlbtrg mln tlbljrfseg, rlo-
………………………………………………………… nfzobmg gjros ml culrtl fnuefboafñb y irob rlonfseg ageg
No vflho crflbmg ùlvgs g Ln oiuomgr ml Qlvfnno.
………………………………………………………… Lb ?3:1 sl trosnomñ o Eomrfm, mgbml sl agbvfrtfñ lb pfb-
tgr mln rly Clnfpl FS y rlonfzñ ngs prfelrgs rltrotgs ml ngs
………………………………………………………… rlyls y tleos eftgnñifags ageg Ln trfubcg ml Joag g Ngs
jgrroa`gs.
?9 Jusao lb ln vgaojunorfg ln tærefbg pnozo eoygr yy
Lb ?3:6 vfohñ o Ftonfo. Onnå pfbtñ No croiuo ml Sunaobg y
obgto su sfibfcfaomg. rlafjfñ no fbcnulbafo ml ngs ortfstos ftonfobgs. Iroafos o lnng,
………………………………………………………… ojobmgbñ ln tlbljrfseg y omgptñ ub agngrfmg ml tgbonfmo-
mls vlrmgsos y ozunomos y ubo nuz eïs boturon.
………………………………………………………… O su rlirlsg o Eomrfm lb ?31?, rlonfzñ rltrotgs ml ngs rl-
yls y ml jucgbls, y No rlbmfafñb ml Jrlmo.
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… ]ros ub sliubmg
mgs nflbzgs vfohlEæmfafs,
ml no Sfnno o Ftonfoomqufrfñ
(?3=6-?3<?), mgbml
ubo irob pfbtñ
eolstråo
lb no tæabfao ml no plrsplatfvo oærlo. Lb lsto æpgao pfbtñ
▾ Ageprlbmlr eobfclstoafgbls ortåstfaos Nos Elbfbos, ub rltrotg agnlatfvg ml no coefnfo rlon4 y Nos
@fnobmlros, ub auomrg eftgnñifag qul rlprlslbto ln aostf-
?0 ·Mñbml y auïbmg surifñ ln Jorrgag7 ig ml no tlhlmgro Oroabl pgr no mfgso [onos Otlblo.
…………………………………………………………
?6 ·_ufæbls culrgb ngs anflbtls prfbafponls mln ortl

jorrgag y poro quæ ng utfnfzorgb7
…………………………………………………………
.
g
…………………………………………………………
m
o
z
f
r No rlbmfafñb ml Jrlmo.
g
t
u
o
…………………………………………………………
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
…………………………………………………………
g
t
g
c
n
Nos Elbfbos.
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
.
:; Zlnoafgbo aomo outgr agb ub nuior8

G
Q
L
»
.
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@
?. Jlrb
Jlrbfbf
fbf O. Cnobmls
Cnobml s
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
g
l :. Zlejrobm
Zlejrobmtt J. @gnobmo
I
.
O
No vflho crflbmg ùlvgs. No croiuo ml
m l Sunaobg.
.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O
1. Irligr
Irligrfg
fg Clrbïbm
Clrbïbmlz
lz A. Ftonfo …………………………………………………………

G
[
\
Z
=. Zujlbs M. Lspoÿo …………………………………………………………
I
©

31

?; No pgjnoafñb.
Nos tlbsfgbls
mlegirïcfaos
? Lvgnuafñb y mfstrfj
mfstrfjuafñb
ml no pgjnoafñb uafñb
eubmfon
?.? No pgjnoafñb eubmfon y su lvgnuafñb
lvgnuafñb
No pgjnoafñb ml ub tlrrftgrfg ls ln agbhubtg ml plrsgbos qul ng òjfto.
Ml su lstumfg sl gaupob aflbafos ageg no mlegirocåo y no ilgirocåo, sl
rlonfzo o trovæs ml ngs albsgs, g rlaulbtgs plrfñmfags ml pgjnoafñb. Lb
:;?;, no ]flrro tlbåo ubo pgjnoafñb ml 306:
3 06: efnngbls ml òjftobtls.
òjftobtls.
No lvgnuafñb ml no pgjnoafñb eubmfon bg ò sfmg agbstobtl. Murobtl efnng-
bls ml oÿgs ouelbtñ nlbtoelbtl y ml cgreo frrliunor4 lbtrl ?9<; y ?6<; sl
fbarlelbtñ, lsplafonelbtl lb Lurgpo y Oeærfao mln Bgrtl4 y, mlsml ?6<;, ngs
eoygrls fbarlelbtgs sl òb prgmuafmg lb Osfo, Ïcrfao y Oeærfao mln Qur.
?.: ·Añeg sl mfstrfjuyl

mfstrfjuyl no pgjnoafñb7
No mfstrfjuafñb ml no pgjnoafñb lb ln lspoafg sl obonfzo o trovæs ml no mlbsf-
mom ml pgjnoafñb, qul sl gjtflbl mfvfmflbmg no pgjnoafñb tgton ml ub tlrrf-
tgrfg pgr su suplr﬏afl, y sl lxprlso lb de:. No mlbsfmom ml pgjnoafñb ml no
]flrro lb :;?; lro ml <? òj/de:.
• Ngs cgags ml agbalbtroafñb ml no pgjnoafñb eubmfon sgb ln sur y surlstl
ml Osfo, Lurgpo Gaafmlbton y no agsto otnïbtfao ml Lstomgs \bfmgs.
• Ngs cgags ml mlspgjnoeflbtg mlegirï﬏ag agfbafmlb agb nos zgbos cråos
(pgngs y onto egbtoÿo), ngs mlsflrtgs aïnfmgs (Qïòro, Donoòrf, Otoaoeo)
y nos slnvos lauotgrfonls (Oeozgbos, Agbig).
Ln rlportg mlsfiuon .
g
m
o
ml no pgjnoafñb lb z
f
r
g
t
no ]flrro sl lxpnf- u
o
l
n
ao pgr coatgrls cå- Aåraung pgnor ïrtfag
j
o
f
p
g
sfags y ùeobgs. a
g
t
g
c
Ngs coatgrls cåsfags n
o
f
r
l
t
eïs fb﬊uylbtls sgb o
E
.
ln rlnflvl, ln anfeo y G
Q
L
ngs sulngs. Oså, no ]rñpfag ml Aïbalr »
.
:
o
f
pgjnoafñb prl﬏l- r
g
t
s
f
rl nos nnoburos, ngs Lauomgr
@
l
o
å
anfeos tlepnomgs y c
o
r
i
g
ngs sulngs cærtfnls. l
I
.
]rñpfag ml
Ngs coatgrls ù- Aoprfagrbfg O
.
Q
,
O
V
eobgs prfbafponls O
B
sgb no obtfiþlmom Mlbsfmom ml pgjnoafñb (òj/de :)
O

G
mln pgjnoeflbtg y ; :;;; = ;;; de
Mlsòjftomg Elbgs ml ? Ml ? o :<
[
\
Z
no lagbgeåo. Ml :< o <; Ml <; o ?;; Eïs ml ?;;
Aåraung pgnor obtïrtfag I
©

3=

\BFMOM
?;

▾ Ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb lb ln lspoafg
? Qgjrl ln sfiuflbtl eopoeubmf agngrlo lb rghg ngs cgags ml agbalbtroafñb
ml no pgjnoafñb y, lb ozun, ngs cgags ml mlspgjnoeflbtg mlegirïcfag.
vgaojunorfg
: Mlcfbl ngs agbalptgs ml pgjnoafñb y mlbsfmom ml < Agepnlto ngs sfiuflbtls motgs bueærfags.
pgjnoafñb.
o) No pgjnoafñb ml no ]flrro lb :;
:;?;
?; lro ml ………
……………………………………………………………… ……………………. ml òjftobtls.
……………………………………………………………… j) No mlbsfmom
mlb sfmom ml pgjnoafñb ml no ]flrro lb :;?
:;?;; lro
.
ml ………………….…
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t
u
1 Aonauno no mlbsfmom ml pgjnoafñb ml no \bfñb Lurg-
o
l
n
j
plo o portfr lstgs motgs8 ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
o
f
3 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg sgjrl no lvgnuafñb ml
p
g
a
g
t
g
o) @ojftobtls8 <;?
<;? ;;; ;;;
c
n
o
f
r j) Quplrcfafl (de:)8 = =::991 no pgjnoafñb.
l
t
o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
:
▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls @osto ?9<;
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
= Qftøo aomo coatgr lb su nuior agrrlspgbmflbtl8
@
l
o
å
c
o) lagbgeåo4 j) rlnflvl4 a) sulngs4 m) obtfiþlmom mln
o
r
i
g pgjnoeflbtg4 l) anfeo. ?9<;-?6<;
l
I
.
O
.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
Cåsfags @ueobgs ?6<;-:;?;
O

G
[
\
Z
I
©

3<

: Agbalptgs mlegirïc
mlegirïcfags
fags [frïefmls ml no pgjnoafñb eubmfon, :;;;-:;<;
:;;; :;<;
jïsfags
@gejrls Euhlrls
?;;+
6<-66
6;-6=
0<-06
0;-0=
9<-96
9;-9=
:.? Ngs egvfeflbtgs boturonls ml no pgjnoafñb 3<-36

3;-3=
<<-<6
<;-<=
=<-=6
Ln egvfeflbtg boturon ls ln ouelbtg g no mfsefbuafñb ml no pgjno- =;-==

1<-16
1;-1=
afñb ml ub nuior pgr aousos boturonls, l fbanuyl ngs boafeflbtgs y nos :<-:6
:;-:=
?<-?6
?;-?=
mlcubafgbls. 1<; 1;; :<; :;; ?<; ?;; <; ;

<-6
;-=
; <; ?;; ?<; :;; :< ; 1;; 1<;

?;
No botonfmom ls ln bøelrg ml boafeflbtgs òjfmgs lb ubo pgjnoafñb Efnngbls

Culbtl8 GB\.
murobtl ub oÿg.
oÿg. Ql efml elmfobtl tosos, ageg no toso ml botonfmom y ln
åbmfal ml claubmfmom g elmfo ml `fhgs pgr euhlr. No egrtonfmom ls ln
bøelrg ml mlcubafgbls gaurrfmos lb ubo pgjnoafñb lb ub oÿg. Ql efml
elmfobtl no toso ml egrtonfmom y no lsplrobzo ml vfmo, g muroafñb el-
mfo ml no vfmo.
Ln jonobal lbtrl ln bøelrg ml boafeflbtgs y ln ml mlcubafgbls ls ln arl-
afeflbtg boturon g vliltotfvg.
:.: Ngs egvfeflbtgs efirotgrfgs

efirotgrfgs
Ngs egvfeflbtgs efirotgrfgs sgb mlspnozoeflbtgs ml pgjnoafñb lb
ln lspoafg mljfmg o aousos euy vorfomos8 boturonls, pgnåtfaos y, sgjrl
tgmg, lagbñefaos. No lefiroafñb ls no sonfmo ml pgjnoafñb ml ub nuior4
y no fbefiroafñb ls no nnliomo ml plrsgbos o ub nuior. Ln jonobal lbtrl no
fbefiroafñb y no lefiroafñb ls ln sonmg efirotgrfg.
efirotgrfg.
No anosf﬏aoafñb ml nos efiroafgbls eïs usuon ls oqulnno qul mfclrlb-
afo, sliøb ln nuior ml mlstfbg, lbtrl efiroafgbls fbtlrfgr
fbtlrfgrls
ls y lxtlrfgrls.
:.1 No agepgsfafñb ml no pgjnoafñb

No agepgsfafñb g lstruaturo fbtlrbo ml no pgjnoafñb ls ln agbhubtg ml
aoroatlråstfaos qul no ml﬏blb.
.
g
• m
o
No agepgsfafñb
hñvlbls
pgr lmom
(;-?= oÿgs), omuntgs mfclrlbafo trlsyirobmls
(?<-3= oÿgs) obafobgsirupgs ml lmomls8
(3< oÿgs y eïs).
Mfstrfjuafñb ml pgjnoafñb hgvlb
lb ln eubmg (:;?;) z
f
r
g
t
u
o
No agepgsfafñb pgr slxg ls no rlnoafñb lbtrl ln bøelr
bøelrgg ml `gejrls y 6%
l
n
j
o
f
euhlrls ml ubo pgjnoafñb. ?;%
6%
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
No agepgsfafñb pgr lmom y slxg sl rlprlslbto pgr elmfg ml ub irï﬏ag ?=%
<% n
o
f
r
l
t
mlbgefbomg pfrïefml ml pgjnoafñb. =% o
E
.
1% G
Q
• No oatfvfmom ml no pgjnoafñb plreftl mfstfbiufr lbtrl pgjnoafñb oa- L
»
.
:
tfvo, qul mlsleplÿo ub trojohg rleublromg (pgjnoafñb gaupomo) g :;%
:3%
o
f
r
g
t
ng jusao (poromgs)4 y no pgjnoafñb fboatfvo, qul bg rlonfzo ub trojohg s
f
@
l
rleublromg (lstumfobtls, plbsfgbfstos y plrsgbos mlmfaomos o nos to- o
å
c
o
r
rlos mln `gior). Osfo mln lstl Oeærfao Notfbo
i
g
l
Ïcrfao sujsoòrfobo
sujsoòrfobo y ln Aorfjl I
.
No pgjnoafñb oatfvo sl sulnl lbauomror lb trls slatgrls lagbñefags8 Lagbgeåos Lurgpo Grflbton,
Albtron y Qur
O
.
Q
,
O
V
ln slatgr prfeorfg, mlmfaomg o gjtlblr rlaursgs boturonls (oirfauntu- ymlsorrgnnomos
\bfñb Lurgplo Grflbtl Elmfg O
B
ro, iobomlråo, lxpngtoafñb cgrlston y plsao)4 ln slatgr slaubmorfg, qul Qurlstl osfïtfag Ïcrfao mln bgrtl
bgrtl O

G
y ln [oaåcfag Qur ml Osfo [
trobscgreo ngs rlaursgs (fbmustrfo, agbstruaafñb), y ln slatgr tlraforfg, \
Z
Culbtl8 GB\. I
qul prgpgrafgbo
prgpgrafgbo slr
slrvfafgs.
vfafgs. ©

33

\BFMOM
?;

vgaojunorfg
9 Mlcfbl lstgs agbalptgs mlegirïcfags8 ?; Anosfcfao aomo oatfvfmom lb no aosfnno qul nl agrrls-
o) Egvfeflbtg boturon. pgbmo8 slrvfafgs, oirfaunturo, fbmustrfo, iobomlråo,
agbstruaafñb, lxpngtoafñb cgrlston y plsao.
………………………………………………………………
[rfeorfg Qlaubmorfg ]lraforfg
………………………………………………………………
j) Egvfeflbtgs efirotgrfgs.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
a) Agepgsfafñb ml no pgjnoafñb. ?? Lsarfjl on nomg ml aomo irupg nos lmomls qul
ageprlbml.
………………………………………………………………
o) Hñvlbl
Hñvlbls8
s8 .................
..................................
..................................
........................
.......
………………………………………………………………
j) Omunt
Omuntgs8
gs8 ...............
...............................
.................................
...........................
..........
▾
Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls a) Obafobgs8 ...............
...............................
.................................
...........................
..........
0 Lsarfjl hubtg o aomo mlcfbfafñb ln agbalptg on qul
òal rlclrlbafo. ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
?: Obonfzo agb mltlbfeflbtg no feoilb fbclrfgr. Mls-
o) Jonobal lbtrl ln bøelrg ml boafeflbtgs y mlcub-
puæs, rlmoato ub tlxtg jrlvl anosfcfaobmg ln egvf-
afgbls. .................
..................................
.................................
................................
................ eflbtg efirotgrfg qul rlprlslbto l fbmfaobmg sus
pgsfjnls aousos.
j) Bøelrg ml boafeflbtgs gaurrfmg
gaurrfmgss lb ubo pgjno-
afñb murobtl ub oÿg. .............................................
a) Bøelrg ml mlcubafgbls gaurrfmos lb ubo pgjno-

afñb lb ub oÿg. .....................................................
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t
m) Jonobal lbtrl no lefiroafñb y no fbefiroafñb.
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
………………………………………………………………
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
o
f
6 Zlnoafgbo aomo tærefbg suplrfgr agb ubg fbclrfgr8
r
l
t
o
E
.
?. [gjnoafñb qul mlsleplÿo ub trojohg
G
Q
L
»
.
:. [gjnoafñb qul jusao ub trojohg …………………………………………………………
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
1. [gjnoafñb qul bg rlonfzo ubo oatfvfmom …………………………………………………………
f
@
l rleublromo
o
å
c
o
r
i
…………………………………………………………
g
l O. [gjnoafñb fboatfvo
I
.
O
.
Q J. [gjnoafñb gaupomo …………………………………………………………
,
O
V
O
B
O
A. [gjnoafñb
[gjnoafñb po
poromo
romo …………………………………………………………

G
[
\
Z ……………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
I
©

39

1 Nos tlbsfgbls mlegirïcfaos

mlegirïcfaos Mfstrfjuafñb ml no pgjnoafñb eubmfon, :;?;-:;<;
:;?;
;,<%
<% ?=,6%
Lb no oatuonfmom, y lb ln cuturg prñxfeg, no pgjnoafñb eubmfon sucrfrï 0,<%
?;,0%
tlbsfgbls mljfmg on lnlvomg arlafeflbtg mlegirï﬏ag
mlegirï﬏ag,, o nos efiroafgbls
eosfvos y o no tlbmlbafo on lbvlhlafeflbtg.
3;,1%
1.? Ln lnlvomg arlafeflbtg

arlafeflbtg ml no pgjnoafñb
:;<;
No GB\ aonauno qul, lb :;<;, ln eubmg onaobzorï ngs 6 ?<; efnngbls ;,3%
:?,0%
ml plrsgbos. Ml lnnos, ln 03% sl agbalbtrorï lb poåsls sujmlsorrgnnomgs. <%
9,3%
9,9%
Ngs prgjnleos prfbafponls qul pnobtlorï lsto sftuoafñb slrïb no arl-
aflbtl prlsfñb sgjrl ngs rlaursgs boturonls (tflrro, jgsquls, efblronls,
onfelbtgs, culbtls ml lblriåo) y no fepgsfjfnfmom ml onaobzor ln mlsorrg- <9,1%
nng agb tob lnlvomg arlafeflbtg. Crlbtl o lstgs prgjnleos, sl ò oalp-

tomg fbtlrboafgbonelbtl no blalsfmom ml onaobzor ub mlsorrgnng sgstl- Osfo Ïcrfao
Oeærfao Notfbo y ln
ln Aorfjl Galobåo
bfjnl4 y no eoygråo ml ngs poåsls sujmlsorrgnnomgs ò omgptomg pgnåtfaos Bgrtloeærfao Lurgpo
ml agbtrgn ml no botonfmom. Culbtl8 :;?; Ygrnm [gpunotfgb Moto Q`llt, [gpunotfgb Zlclrlbal Jurlou.
1.: Nos efiroafgbls eosfvos oatuonls

oatuonls
Lb no oatuonfmom, nos efiroafgbls òb omqufrfmg ubo mfelbsfñb eubmfon,
onaobzobmg ngs :?1 efnngbls ml efirobtls lb :;?; y lxtlbmfæbmgsl pgr
ub bøelrg arlaflbtl ml poåsls.
[oro lvftor ngs prgjnleos gaosfgbomgs pgr no culrtl fbefiroafñb, ngs poå-
sls mlsorrgnnomgs rlalptgrls trotob ml crlbor nos lbtromos anobmlstfbos y
prgeulvlb no fbtliroafñb ml ngs fbefirobtls. Ngs poåsls sujmlsorrgnno-
mgs lefsgrls, pgr su portl, prgaurob elhgror su sftuoafñb lagbñefao y
nuaòr agbtro nos eo﬏os qul agbtrgnob no fbefiroafñb anobmlstfbo.
1.1 Ln lbvlhlafeflbtg
lbvlhlafeflbtg ml no pgjnoafñb
Lb :;<; no lstruaturo pgr lmom ml no ]flrro lstorï lbvlhlafmo.
Lstl `la`g slrï ln rlsuntomg ml no oiumfzoafñb mln lbvlhlafeflbtg ml ngs
poåsls mlsorrgnnomgs y mln lbvlhlafeflbtg mlegirï﬏ag ml ngs oatuonls .
g
m
o
poåsls sujmlsorrgnnomgs, mljfmg o no agbsgnfmoafñb mln mlsalbsg ml no bo- z
f
r
tonfmom y on ouelbtg ml no lsplrobzo ml vfmo. g
t
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
Nos efiroafgbls lagbñefaos a
g
t
lb ln eubmg oatuon g
c
n
Aåraung pgnor ïrtfag o
f
r
Zlifgbls g poåsls rlalptgrls
rlalptgrls l
t
ml irobmls aobtfmomls o
Aobomï Lxtrleg E
Zusfo grflbtl ml fbefirobtls lagbñefags .
rusg G
Osfo albtron Agrrflbtl ml fbefirobtls Q
g r l o m l n Qu r Lurgpo \arobfo Aïuaosg
y Aïuaosg @oafo L
l s m l A
M l s Lstomgs pgag g bomo auonfcfaomgs »
Lstomgs Agrlo .
l s m l A
M l s
b o
` f b
\bfmgs Gaafmlbton \bfmgs :
F b m f o
l b
M l s m l
o ]urquåo mln Qur Hopñb o
f
l
l A ` fb o [rfbafponls rlifgbls ml sonfmo r
M l s m l O fag
ï t fa
O s f ï A`fbo g
t
l l
M l s m l
Qu m l
n Qu
l n
t l
s t
l s Ïcrfao s
mln bgrtl [oåsls Agrrflbtl ml fbefirobtls f
]rñpfag @
Eæxfag
Eæxfag mln [lbåbsuno ml Aïbalr auonfcfaomgs l
Oeærfao Albtron Ïcrfao gaafmlbton Lstl Igncg åbmfao [
r g
g a
al
m
l
O e æ m
l
b
l t o
@ o
o a
a o tl
s
l
m s
m l
Efiroafgbls lagbñefaos å
f
o H o
o p
ñ
ñ
b y Aorfjl ml Ïcrfao Qumlstl Osfïtfag r
f a
ao
o l
l n
Q u
l c
o
Slblzulno u
r
lb ln fbtlrfgr ml no rlifñb r
i
Agngejfo Qgeonfo Lauomgr g
Lauomgr Ïcrfao, poåsls mln
mln l
igncg ml Iufblo I
Ïcrfao Culbtl8 Ln Otnos Ilgpgnåtfag,
Ilgpgnåtfag , .
[lrø O
albtron y Nl egbml mfpngeotfqul, lmfafñb lspoÿgno, .
Jgnfvfo elrfmfgbon :;?;. Q
,
O
[oroiuoy ]rñpfag
ml Aoprfagrbfg V
O
Oustronfo y B
Qumïcrfao Bulvo Xlnobmo O

Orilbtfbo G
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; ? <;; 1 ;;; =<;; 3 ;;; de Z
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©

30

\BFMOM
?;

vgaojunorfg
fg ▾ Ageprlbmlr ln lspoafg
?1 Jusao lb ln vgaojunorfg ln agbalptg mlsorrgnng ?3 Gjslrvo ln eopo fbclrfgr y, agb oyumo ml ub otnos,
sgstlbfjnl y obgto su sfibfcfaomg8 bgejro afbag poåsls qul tlbmrïb eïs ml ub :;%
ml pgjnoafñb eoygr ml 3; oÿgs lb :;<;.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?= Fbmfao sf nos sfiuflbtls crosls sgb vlrmomlros (S)
g consos (C).
o) \b prgjnleo mlrfvomg mln lnlvomg arl-
[gralbtohl ml pgjnoafñb ml 3< oÿgs y eïs (:;<;)
afeflbtg ml no pgjnoafñb slrï no prlsfñb Elbgs ml ?; Ml ?; o :; Eïs ml :;
sgjrl ngs rlaursgs.
; 1;;; 3;;; de
Culbtl8 GB\.
j) Lb :;<;, ln 03% ml no pgjnoafñb sl agb-

albtrorï lb ngs poåsls mlsorrgnnomgs. …………………………………………………………
a) Lb :;<; sl oiumfzorï ln lbvlhlafeflbtg …………………………………………………………
lb ngs poåsls mlsorrgnnomgs.
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
▾ Fbtlrprltor ln nlbiuohl aortgirïc
aor tgirïcfag
fag
?9 Zlmoato ub tlxtg jrlvl elbafgbobmg nos elmfmos
?< O portfr mln eopo ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, afto afbag qul tgeob ngs poåsls poro lvftor ngs prgjnleos
rlifgbls g poåsls rlalptgrls ml irobmls aobtf- gaosfgbomgs pgr no culrtl fbefiroafñb.
momls ml lefirobtls, y afbag ml nos prfbafponls
rlifgbls ml sonfmo ml lefirobtls. …………………………………………………………
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t
Zlifgbls y poåsls
rlalptgrls Zlifgbls
ml sonfmo …………………………………………………………
u
o …………………………………………………………
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
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t
g
c
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o
………………………… …………………………
f
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l
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.
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L
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?0 Agepnlto lstl auomrg sgjrl ngs prgjnleos y sgnu-
:
o
f
r afgbls mln arlafeflbtg ml no pgjnoafñb eubmfon.
g
t
s
f
………………………… …………………………
@
l
o
å
c
o [rgjnleos Qgnuafgbls
r
i
g
………………………… …………………………
l
I
.
O
.
Q
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O

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©

36

= No pgjnoafñb lspoÿgno
=.? Lvgnuafñb y mfstrfjuafñb lb ln tlrrftgrfg
tlrrftgrfg ?==,?3
??=3;== 1<,0=
1<1:<?
?;:,:=
?;0=?;6
??:,30
<6?003
<:;,<= 19;,:6
??<=;=? 9;306;
?;9,;1
1?9?1;
1?,66 3=,6;
No lvgnuafñb ml no pgjnoafñb lspoÿgno sl ò aoroatlrfzomg pgr ln arl-

:?=,;6 =60;<1 :3,33 313,;10
63:1<9 =3,;0 :?,=; 1910?= 31,60 ?=,3; ?:9,:<
13,;0
11<?<6 ?9::63 1:?90; ::0?<: 9<:;:3
=16:<1
?0,16
?6=?6< 3<,96 330,1=
afeflbtg nlbtg òsto ?6;;. Mlsml lbtgbals, y òsto ?60;, ln rfteg sl

6,:1 <3,:0
<11<3? 6<;61 69:?3: <<;90?1
:1,=:
?31699 ?:9,0=
:0,3? :;,39 0;<906
oalnlrñ, poro mlsalbmlr mlsml lso claò o aouso ml no rlmuaafñb ml no 1<1:09 :?,1;
?9?=16 0;1,=0
3==<=66
:<?<:: 6,0?
?=<?;<
6?,;<
3;103?
botonfmom. Mlsml :;;?, no nnliomo eosfvo ml fbefirobtls ò prgvgaomg :;,01

=?1933
=<,19
369130
?:,3<
:?30:0
:10,?<
:<91=:<
::?,16
qul no toso ml arlafeflbtg tflbmo o lnlvorsl. Lb :;?;, no pgjnoafñb tgton

:3,30 :3,6: ??;<?0=
1?,90 <:0<<= =;?<01
36?9?< 11;,=?
ml Lspoÿo lro ml =3,6 efnngbls ml plrsgbos. <?,;1

<0,=:
0;=<?<
=6,3;
336;:9 ?:6,;9
?=3;?3=
?6:?600
<?30=< ?13,=1
No mfstrfjuafñb ml no pgjnoafñb sgjrl ln tlrrftgrfg ls mlsfiuon. Nos prfb- ?6?=6<0
?33,:3
:?6,0;
?3;31::
9:,;0
6??3;?
96,??
36=::6
afponls agbalbtroafgbls sl ngaonfzob lb Eomrfm, no plrfclrfo plbfbsunor, ?:131=3

:==?,<:
0;<9;
Jonlorls y Aoborfos. Nos zgbos eïs mlspgjnomos agfbafmlb agb ln fbtl- 1;1,3< :39,3<
=;;?,96
93;1=
rfgr plbfbsunor (sonvg Eomrfm) y agb nos ïrlos ml egbtoÿo. ?;:33=6 ?;00:96
; ?;; :;; 1;; de
=.: Ngs egvfeflbtgs ml no pgjnoafñb Mlbsfmom ml pgjnoafñb (òj/de: ) lb :;?;

Elmfo ml Lspoÿo8 6:,6=
Elbgs ml :< Ml 6:,9 o ?1<,9
No toso ml botonfmom ls, lb no oatuonfmom, euy rlmuafmo (?;,91※ lb
Ml :< o <; Eïs ml ?1<,9
:;;6), oubqul lb ngs øntfegs oÿgs tflbml o lnlvorsl iroafos o no fbef- Ml <; o 6:,9 Mlbsfmom ml
iroafñb. No toso ml egrtonfmom toejfæb ls joho (0,1<※). [gr tobtg, ln <0,=:
0;=<?<
pgjnoafñb
[gjnoafñb
arlafeflbtg boturon ls johg (:,10※). Culbtl8 FBL. ojsgnuto
Nos efiroafgbls, fbtlrfgrls y lxtlrfgrls, òb lvgnuafgbomg o ng norig

mln tflepg.
•@osto ?69<, Lspoÿo cul ub poås lefirotgrfg. No lefiroafñb fbtlrfgr
eïs fepgrtobtl cul ln æxgmg ruron, qul tuvg nuior lbtrl nos ïrlos
oirorfos y nos afumomls fbmustrfonfzomos y ïrlos turåstfaos agstlros. No
lefiroafñb lxtlrfgr sl mfrfifñ prfelrg o Oeærfao Notfbo y, eïs torml,
o Lurgpo Gaafmlbton, ﬏bonfzobmg agb no arfsfs ml ?69<.
•Mlsml ?66<, Lspoÿo ls ub poås fbefirotgrfg, y onjlrio o lxtrobhlrgs
prgalmlbtls ml Lurgpo y ml ngs poåsls lb mlsorrgnng ml Oeærfao Notf-
bo, Ïcrfao y Osfo.
No lmom ml no pgjnoafñb (:;?;)
=.1 No agepgsfafñb ml no pgjnoafñb Hñvlbls (;-?= oÿgs) ?=,9?%

.
g
No lstruaturo pgr lmom sl lbaulbtro lbvlhlafmo, mljfmg o nos johos to- Omuntgs (?<-3= oÿgs) 30,=% m
o
z
f
sos ml botonfmom y o no onto lsplrobzo ml vfmo. No lstruaturo pgr slxg Obafobgs (3< y +) ?3,06%
r
g
t
u
o
eulstro ub prlmgefbfg ml nos euhlrls lb ln agbhubtg ml no pgjnoafñb. l
n
j
o
f
No pfrïefml ml lmomls ls no prgpfo ml ub poås mlsorrgnnomg. Lspoÿo
p
g
a
g
t
No lstruaturo lagbñefao tflbl ubo toso ml oatfvfmom lb arlafeflbtg, [gjnoafñb tgton lb :;?;8 =36<?<1: plrsgbos
@gejrls Euhlrls
g
c
n
o
f
r
mljfmg on fbarlelbtg mln trojohg clelbfbg culro mln `gior. No pgjno- :1?6< <;= plrsgbos :19<3 ;:0 plrsgbos l
t
o
0;+ E
afñb gaupomo lb ln slatgr prfeorfg ls lsaoso (=,:% lb :;;6)4 no mln sla- 9<-96
.
G
Q
tgr slaubmorfg mlsaflbml (:=,9%), y no mln tlraforfg ouelbto
ouelbto (9?,?%). 9;-9=
3<-36
L
»
.
:
3;-3= o
f
r
g
t
<<-<6 s
Lvgnuafñb mln bøelrg ml fbefirobtls. ?6;;-:;?; f
<;-<= @
Lxtro
Lxtrobh
bhlr
lrgs
gs Lxtr
Lxtrob
obhl
hlrg
rgs
s rlsf
rlsfml
mlbt
btls
ls l
Efnls ml plrsgbos =<-=6
o
å
3;;; =;-== c
o
r
6
, 1<-16 i
<;;; 0 g
; l
9
<
1;-1= I
< ,
=;;; = .
< :<-:6 O
9 .
:
,
=
:;-:= Q
1;;; :
9
,
? O
: ?
, ?<-?6 V
:;;; 6
; ?;-?= O
<
, 0 ? B
< 0
<
;
=
,
=
? = 0
, ? <-6 O

?;;; :
, , , , < , 1 0 ;
<
,
3
, = <
<
3
=
;
3
=
?
9
, 0
1
0 3 =
1
3
;-= G
6
<
0
9
:
? ? ? ? : =
3
=
? :
1
[
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?6;; ?6?; ?6:; ?61; ?6=; ?6<; ?63; ?69; ?60? ?66? :;;? :;?; < = 1 : ? ; ; ? : 1 = < Z
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Culbtl8 FBL. [gralbtohl sgjrl no pgjnoafñb tgton Culbtl8 FBL.
©

9;

\BFMOM
?;

▾ Ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb lb ln lspoafg ▾ Ageprlbmlr fbcgreoafñb irïcfao
?6 Lb ln sfiuflbtl eopo, agngrlo ml rghg nos ageu- :: O portfr ml no pfrïefml ml pgjnoafñb ml no pïifbo
bfmomls outñbgeos agb eoygr agbalbtroafñb ml obtlrfgr, rlspgbml o nos sfiuflbtls aulstfgbls.
pgjnoafñb, y ml ozun nos eïs mlspgjnomos.
o) ·_uæ irupg ml lmom aulbto agb eoygr bøelrg
ml lclatfvgs7
…………………………………………………………
j) O portfr ml ngs 3< oÿgs, ·quæ slxg prlmgefbo,
ngs `gejrls g nos euhlrls7
…………………………………………………………
a) ·Añeg ls ln agbhubtg
a gbhubtg ml no pgjnoafñb lspoÿgno8
hgvlb, omunto g obafobo7
…………………………………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
:1 ·Arlls qul no fbefiroafñb ls pgsftfvo g bliotfvo7
Zlmoato ub tlxtg jrlvl oriuelbtobmg tu rlspulsto.
; ?;; :;; 1;; de

…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
▾ Zlsgnvlr prgjnleos …………………………………………………………
:; Qf Lspoÿo tlbåo lb ?6;; ubo pgjnoafñb ml
…………………………………………………………
?03;;;;; òjftobtls, y lb :;?; tlbåo =36;;;;;
òjftobtls, ·lb auïbtgs òjftobtls ò ouelbtomg …………………………………………………………
no pgjnoafñb lbtrl oejos claòs7
…………………………………………………………
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
t
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
:? Agepnlto ln auomrg agb nos aoroatlråstfaos ml ngs ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
n
o
f
r
l
t
egvfeflbtgs efirotgrfgs. := Agepnlto nos sfiuflbtls crosls.
o
E
.
G
Q
L Efir
Efiroa
oafg
fgbl
blss fbtl
fbtlrf
rfgr
grls
ls Ef
Efir
iroa
oafg
fgbl
blss lxtlr
xtlrfg
fgrrls o) No toso ml botonfmom
boton fmom ls ……………………. oub-
»
.
:
o
f
r
qul sl ò lnlvomg pgr no ……………………….
g
t
s
f
@
l
o
å
j) No toso ml egrtonfmom ls ………………. y arlal
c
o
r
i
g
l
nfilroelbtl pgr ln ………………… ml no pgjno-
I
.
O
.
afñb.
Q
,
O
V
O
B
O
a) Ln arlafeflbtg boturon ls …………………………

G
[
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…………………………………………………………
I
©

9?

??
:
Nos sgaflmomls
oatuonls y sus
mfclrlbafos
? Qgaflmom,
y aunturos afvfnfzoafgbls
?.? Lnlelbtgs y lvgnuafñb
lvgnuafñb ml nos sgaflmomls
No sgaflmom ls ub irupg griobfzomg ml plrsgbos, qul vfvl lb ub efs-
eg lspoafg ilgirï﬏ag y ageportl ubo griobfzoafñb ml no vfmo qul nl Qgaflmom tromfafgbon g prlfbmustrfon.
fmlbtf﬏ao y mfstfbiul ml ngs mleïs irupgs.
Ngs lnlelbtgs qul mfclrlbafob o ubos sgaflmomls ml gtros sgb no auntu-
ro, no lstrotf﬏aoafñb sgafon, no lagbgeåo y no pgnåtfao. Lstgs lnlelbtgs
òb aoejfomg agb ln tflepg, ng qul plreftl mfstfbiufr trls tfpgs8
• Nos sgaflmomls tromfafgbonls, g prlfbmustrfonls, sl mlsorrgnnorgb mls-
ml no prl`fstgrfo òsto no Zlvgnuafñb Fbmustrfon (?90;).
• No sgaflmom fbmustrfon surifñ òafo ?90; lb Lurgpo Gaafmlbton agb
no Zlvgnuafñb Fbmustrfon. Murobtl ngs sfings 󰁰󰁦󰁰 y 󰁰󰁰 sl lxtlbmfñ, iro-
afos o no agngbfzoafñb, pgr gtros ïrlos y rlifgbls ml no ]flrro.
• No sgaflmom pgsfbmustrfon, g ml no fbcgreoafñb, surifñ òafo ?69;, Qgaflmom fbmustrfon.
agb no rlvgnuafñb fbcgreïtfao y ml nos tlnlageubfaoafg
tlnlageubfaoafgbls.
bls.
?.: Nos sgaflmomls oatuonls

Nos sgaflmomls oatuonls sl griobfzob lb auotrg irobmls ïrlos agb rosigs
aunturonls ageubls, qul sl mlbgefbob afvfnfzoafgbls8 no gaafmlbton, no
eusuneobo, no mln Ïcrfao Bliro y no grflbton.
O su vlz, nos afvfnfzoafgbls sulnlb mfvfmfrsl lb ubfmomls aunturonls el- .
g
m
bgrls. Ls ln aosg, pgr lhlepng, ml no `fspobo y obingsohgbo, lb no afvfnf- o
z
f
r
zoafñb gaafmlbton4 y ml no a`fbo y no fbmfo, lb no grflbton. Qgaflmom pgsfbmustrfon g ml no fbcgreoafñb.
f bcgreoafñb. g
t
u
o
l
n
j
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f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
Oeæ rfa o o
f
Lurgpo r
l
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mln o
Bgrtl O s f o E
.
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Q
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f
Ï c r f a o r
g
t
s
f
@
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Oeæ rfa o o
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c
mln o
r
Galobåo i
Qur g
l
I
.
O
.
Q
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O
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O

Mfstrfjuafñb ml nos afvfnfzoafgbls G
[
Gaafmlbton Ïcrfao bliro \
; ?<;; 1;;; =<;; de Z
Eusuneobo Grflbton I
©

9:

\BFMOM
??

vgaojunorfg
? Mlcfbl ln tærefbg sgaflmom. 3 Zlnoafgbo aomo aoroatlråstfao agb ubo sgaflmom8
o) Mlsml no prl`fstgrfo òsto no Zlvgnuafñb Fbmus-
………………………………………………………………
trfon4 j) sl lxtlbmfñ iroafos o no agngbfzoafñb4 a) rl-
……………………………………………………………… vgnuafñb fbcgreïtfao y ml nos tlnlageubfaoafgbls4 m)
Zlvgnuafñb Fbmustrfon4 l) sgaflmom ml no fbcgreoafñb4
……………………………………………………………… c) sgaflmomls prlfbmustrfonls.
Qgaflmomls Qgaflmom Qgaflmom

tromfafgbonls fbmustrfon pgsfbmustrfon
▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom sgafon
: ·_uæ trls tfpgs ml sgaflmomls lxfstlb7
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ▾ Gjtlblr y ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb

9 O portfr ml no fbcgreoafñb mln eopo, y agb oyumo ml
1 Afto ngs lnlelbtgs qul mfclrlbafob ubos sgaflmomls ub otnos, slÿono, on elbgs, afbag poåsls ml aomo
ml gtros. afvfnfzoafñb8
……………………………………………………………… o) Gaafmlbton8 ................

................................
.................................
...........................
..........
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
j) Eusuneobo8 ..........................................................
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
a) Ïcrfao Bliro8 ...........................
...........................................
..............................
..............
= ·Auïnls sgb nos auotrg irobmls afvfnfzoafgbls7 ………………………………………………………………
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
……………………………………………………………… m) Grflbton8 ................
.................................
..................................
..............................
.............
t
u
o
l
n ……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t ………………………………………………………………
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
0 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg sgjrl no sgaflmom y
t
o
E
.
………………………………………………………………
G
Q
L
nos afvfnfzoafgbls
afvfnfzoafgbls..
»
.
:
o
f
r
g
< Bgejro oniubos aunturos oatuonls.
t
s
f Lnlelbtgs
@
l ml nos sgaflmomls
o
å
c
o
………………………………………………………………
r
i
g
l ]fpgs
I
.
O
.
……………………………………………………………… ml sgaflmomls
Q
,
O
V
O
B
……………………………………………………………… Afvfnfzoafgbls
O

G
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oatuonls
\
Z
I
………………………………………………………………
©

91

: Anosls sgafonls
y mlsfiuonmomls
:.? Nos anosls sgafonls
Nos sgaflmomls oatuonls
oa tuonls sl griobfzob lb mfclrlb
mfclrlbtls
tls irupgs sgafonls, fbtl-
iromgs pgr plrsgbos agb lstfngs y bfvlnls ml vfmo sfefnorls, qul sl hlror-
qufzob u grmlbob sliøb su fepgrtobafo.
Lb no sgaflmom ml anosls oatuon, no josl poro lstojnlalr lstos mfclrlbafos
ls ln eærftg plrsgbon, elmfmg pgr no rfqulzo. Lb lnno, aomo anosl lstï
agbstftufmo pgr ub agbhubtg
agbhubtg ml plrsgbos qul tflblb fbtlrlsls sgafonls y
lagbñefags ageubls, y sl mfclrlbafob lbtrl så pgr su cgreoafñb, gau-
poafñb, sonorfg y agbmfafgbls ml trojohg.
:.: Nos mlsfiuonmomls sgafglagbñefaos

Lb bulstrgs måos, no lstrotf﬏aoafñb sgafon g mfvfsfñb lb anosls ls age-
pnlho, sflbmg euy mfclrlbtl sliøb ln bfvln ml mlsorrgnng
mls orrgnng ml ngs poåsls8
• Lb ngs poåsls mlsorrgnnomgs, nos mlsfiuonmomls sgafonls sgb pgag eor-
aomos, y no sgaflmom
sg aflmom sulnl griobfzorsl lb trls irupgs prfbafponls8
‑ \bo anosl onto rlmuafmo, agepulsto pgr plrsgbos euy rfaos8 irobmls
leprlsorfgs y prgpfltorfgs, mfrlatfvgs, oniubgs prgclsfgbonls, lta.
‑ \bo anosl elmfo, euy buelrgso, cgreomo pgr plqulÿgs y elmfo-
bgs leprlsorfgs, prgclsfgbonls ml bfvln suplrfgr (eæmfags, ojgio-
mgs) y elmfg (g﬏afbfstos).
‑ \bo anosl gjrlro, toejfæb buelrgso, fbtliromo pgr gjrlrgs auonf﬏- ?. No anosl onto, euy rlmuafmo, igzo ml irob
aomgs (lnlatrfafstos, cgbtoblrgs, lta.) y gjrlrgs bg auonf﬏aomgs. rfqulzo y pgmlr. Qus eflejrgs, agbgafmgs
• Lb ngs poåsls sujmlsorrgnnomgs,
sujmlsorrgnnomgs, nos mlsfiuonmomls sgafonls lstïb euy ageg «ngs rfags´, tob sgng rlprlslbtob ln ?
eoraomos. No sgaflmom, pgr ng ilblron, agbsto ml ubo ænftl igjlrbobtl g ln :% ml no pgjnoafñb tgton.
y efbgrftorfo, qul agbtrgno no rfqulzo y ln pgmlr4 y ln puljng, fbtliro- :. No anosl elmfo lbingjo o ubo portl fe-
mg pgr ubo eoygråo ml aoeplsfbgs y ml pgjnoafñb urjobo eorifbon pgrtobtl ml no pgjnoafñb qul tflbl gau-
poafgbls mfclrlbtls4 pgr lsg, o vlals sl
qul vfvl lb no pgjrlzo y oplbos portfafpo lb ln igjflrbg. òjno ml «anosls elmfos´. Qus nåeftls sgb
.
g
m
feprlafsgs oubqul, lb bg
ilblron, sulnl fb- o
Aoejfg y agbcnfatg
agbcnfatg sgafon
z
:.1 anufr o ngs trojohomgrls eobuo
eobuonls
nls g «ml f
r
g
t
u
aulnng jnobag´. o
l
n
j
Nos sgaflmomls oatuonls sgb mfbïefaos, yo qul lstïb aoejfobmg agbtf- 1. No anosl gjrlro lstï cgreomo pgr ngs tro- o
f
p
g
buoelbtl. johomgrls eobuonls «ml aulnng ozun´. Lb a
g
t
g
c
no oatuonfmom, ngs lstrotgs fbclrfgrls ml no n
Oniubgs aoejfgs sgb nlbtgs. Gtrgs, pgr ln agbtrorfg, sl prgmualb ml anosl elmfo y ngs suplrfgrls ml no anosl
o
f
r
l
t
o
cgreo rïpfmo y grfifbob agb﬊fatgs sgafonls, g lbcrlbtoeflbtgs eïs g gjrlro ‑gjrlrgs lsplafonfzomgs‑ prlslb- E
.
G
elbgs vfgnlbtgs lbtrl mgs g eïs irupgs sgafonls. tob bfvlnls ml vfmo slelhobtls. Q
L
»
.
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
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@
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o
å
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9=

\BFMOM
??

vgaojunorfg
6 Lsarfjl lb ln rlauomrg ln agbalptg on qul sl rlcfl- ?= Agepnlto no mlcfbfafñb agb ln tærefbg agrrlatg8
rl aomo mlcfbfafñb8
o) Anosl sgafon rlmuafmo agepulsto pgr plrsgbos
o) [lrsgbos agb bfvlnls ml vfmo sfefnorls. euy rfaos.
…………………………………………………………
j) Ql mfclrlbafob lbtrl så pgr su cgreoafñb, gaupo- j) Anosl sgafon buelrgso cgreomo pgr prgclsfgbo-
afñb, sonorfg y agbmfafgbls ml vfmo. nls y leprlsorfgs
leprlsorfgs..
…………………………………………………………
a) Anosl sgafon buelrgso fbtliromo pgr gjrlrgs.
▾ Lbtlbmlr no sgaflmom oatuon …………………………………………………………
?; ·_uæ lnlelbtg sl tgeo ageg josl poro lstojnl-
m) Anosl cgreomo pgr aoeplsfbgs y pgjnoafñb ur-
alr nos mfclrlbafos lb no sgaflmom oatuon7 jobo eorifbon.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?? ·Auïnls sgb ngs irupgs sgafonls prfbafponls ml
ngs poåsls mlsorrgnnomgs7 ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
………………………………………………………… ?< Obonfzo no feoilb fbclrfgr y agbtlsto8
o) ·_uæ pulml rlprlslbtor7
…………………………………………………………
......................................
?: ·_uæ sgb ngs agbcnfat
agbcnfatgs
gs sgafonls7
......................................
…………………………………………………………
......................................
…………………………………………………………
j) ·Agb quæ poåsls no rlno-
afgboråos y pgr quæ7
.
g ▾
m
o
z
f Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls ......................................
?1 Qftøo lb ln nuior agrrlspgbmflbtl8 o) anosl onto, j)
r
g
t
u
o
l
n
j
o
f
anosl joho, a) puljng, m) anosl gjrlro, l) ænftl ig- ......................................
p
g
a jlrbobtl,, c) anosl elmfo.
jlrbobtl
g
t
g
c
......................................
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
[oå
oåsl
slss ml
mlso
sorrrgnn
rgnnom
omgs
gs [oåsl
oåslss sujm
sujmls
lsor
orrg
rgnn
nnom
omgs
gs ▾ Griobfzor no fbcgreoafñb
.
G
Q
L
»
.
?3 Agepnlto lstos pfrïefmls sgafonls.
:
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
@
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o
å
c
o
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i
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l
I
.
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.
Q
,
V
O
O
B
O

G
[
\
Z Mlsorrgnomgs Qujmlsorrgnomgs
I
©

9<

1 No sgaflmom lurgplo
y lspoÿgno
1.? Aoroatlr
Aoroatlråstfaos
åstfaos ml no sgaflmom
Lurgpo y Lspoÿo sgb sgaflmomls pgsfbmustrfonls, auygs òjftobtls tro-
johob lb su eoygråo lb ln slatgr slrvfafgs y mfscrutob ml ub lnlvomg
bfvln ml jflblstor. Bg gjstobtl, plrsfstl no pgjrlzo.
p gjrlzo.
Qgb, omleïs, ubo sgaflmom ml anosls. No anosl onto ls rlmuafmo (<%). No
anosl elmfo ageprlbml o no eoygråo ml no pgjnoafñb, y no anosl trojoho-
mgro mfspgbl ml eïs pgmlr omqufsftfvg qul lb ln posomg.
Qgb sgaflmomls mlegarïtfaos, yo qul no afumomobåo tflbl iorobtfzomgs
sus mlrla`gs y no portfafpoafñb pgnåtfao.
1.: No pnuronfmom nfbiþåstfao y rlnfifgso

Nos nlbiuos lurgplos oatuonls plrtlblalb o mfstfbtgs irupgs8 lb Lu-
rgpo Gaafmlbton prlmgefbob nos nlbiuos rgeïbfaos y ilreïbfaos, y lb
Lurgpo Grflbton, nos nlbiuos lsnovos.
Nos rlnfifgbls proatfaomos pgr ngs lurgplgs sgb euy mfvlrsos. Ln arfs-
tfobfseg ls no prlmgefbobtl, oubqul prlslbto vorfos roeos8 aotñnfags,
prgtlstobtls y grtgmgxgs. ]oejfæb òy otlgs, qul bg arllb lb no rlnf-
ifñb4 oibñstfags, qul pflbsob qul ln slr ùeobg bg pulml nnlior o sojlr
soj lr
sf Mfgs lxfstl g bg4 eusuneobls y gtros rlnfifgbls eïs efbgrftorfos.
; <;; ?;;; de [rfbafponls rlnfifgbls ; <;; ?;;; de [rfbafponls vorfobtls
lurgplos nfbiþåstfaos lurgplos
Nopñb
Aotgnfafseg Nlbiuos ilreïbfaos
Fsnobmæs Nlbiuos rgeïbfaos
Grtgmgxfo grflbton
Nutlrobfseg [rgtlstobtfseg Aorlnfg Nlbiuos lsnovos
Arfstfobgs grtgmgxgs
Nlbiuos aæntfaos
grflbtonls nlonls Cfbæs Irflig
o Zgeo
Nlbiuos jïntfaos
Fsnoe
Bgrulig Onjobæs
Ioænfag
Qulag Lusdoro
[rlsjftlrfobfseg Lstgbfg Nlbiuos cfbg-uiïrfaos
g Grtgmgxo Nltñb ]urag
e ruso
s
f Mobæs Culbtl8 Otnos Iægirop`fqul,
Culbtl8 Otnos Iægirop`fqul,
Zlcgreo b Nftuobg Botòb.
`gnobmlso o
r
l
t Fbinæs
u Zusg
N Jflngrrusg .
Finlsfo obinfaobo Ionæs g
@gnobmæs Onleïb [gnoag m
o
z
f
\arobfg r
g
t
A`lag u
Jrltñb Lsngvoag o
l
n
Crobaæs @øbiorg j
o
f
G Q l
Zueobg p
r
t Grtgmgxo rueobo Ionnlig r j g
s l g m Lusdoro Ftonfobg g a a
j g x
r r g g
t
f
o o Grtgmgxo jønioro s
o t
o Jøniorg g
c
æ n
u o
f
i Aostlnnobg Aotonïb r
u
t l
r Onjobæs t
g o
[ ]urag E
Sonlbafobg .
G
Q
Grtgmgxo L
Irflig »
irflio .
Eontæs :
o
f
r
g
t
s
f
No euntfaunturonfmom
@
1.1 l
o
å
c
o
r
i
Lb no oatuonfmom, no mfvlrsfmom aunturon lurgplo y lspoÿgno sl ò fbtlb- g
l
I
.
sf﬏aomg, mljfmg o no fbefiroafñb ml pgjnoafñb bg lurgplo. O
.
Q
,
V
O
Agb lnno sl ò fbarlelbtomg no euntfaunturonfmom, g aglxfstlbafo ml O
B
mfstfbtos aunturos. Lstl `la`g ò supulstg ub lbrfqulafeflbtg aunturon4 O

G
[
plrg toejfæb gaosfgbo prgjnleos ageg no xlbgcgjfo, ubo oatftum `gstfn \
Z
I
y ml rlaòzg òafo ngs fbefirobtls. ©

93

\BFMOM
??

vgaojunorfg
?9 Mlcfbl ln tærefbg euntfaunturonfmom. :; Lsarfjl, hubtg o aomo crosl, sf ls vlrmomlro (S) g
………………………………………………………… conso (C)8
………………………………………………………… o) No sgaflmom lurgplo ls prlfbmustrfon.
▾ Lbtlbmlr no sgaflmom oatuon j) No sgaflmom lspoÿgno ls ubo sgaflmom

?0 Afto trls aoroatlråstfaos qul mlcfbob nos sgaflmo- ml anosls.
mls lurgplo y lspoÿgno.
a) Lb nos sgaflmomls lurgplo y lspoÿgno
………………………………………………………… ngs afumomobgs bg tflblb mlrla`gs.
…………………………………………………………
m) Lb no oatuonfmom, no mfvlrsfmom aunturon
…………………………………………………………
lurgplo y lspoÿgno sl ò fbtlbsfcfaomg.
▾ Ageprlbmlr ln lspoafg l) No rlnfifgb arfstfobo ls no prlmgefbobtl

?6 O portfr ml ngs eopos ml no pïifbo obtlrfgr, afto8 lb Lurgpo.
‑ ]rls poåsls ml rlnfifñb aotñnfao, trls grtgmgxgs y
trls prgtlstobtls. ▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
‑ Mgs poåsls ml nlbiuo ilreïbfao, mgs ml nlbiuo :? Agbtlsto, ml cgreo jrlvl, o no sfiuflbtl prliubto8
lsnovo y mgs ml nlbiuo rgeïbfao.
·Lb tu gpfbfñb, no euntfaunturonfmom ls pgsftfvo g
Lb aosg blalsorfg, oyømotl ml ub otnos. bliotfvo7
Zlnfifgbls …………………………………………………………
Aotñnfags Grtgmgxgs [rgtlstobtls …………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………
.
g
m
o
z
f
▾ Griobfzor fbcgreoafñb
r
g
t
:: Agepnlto nos sfiuflbtls
u
o
l
n
s fiuflbtls crosls8
j
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
o) Lb no oatuonfmom, Lurgpo y Lspoÿo sgb sgaflmo-
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
mls ml .................................... y ..........................
E
.
G
Q Nlbiuos .........., agb ub lnlvomg .........................
.................................
........
L
»
.
:
o
f
r Ilreïbfao Lsnovo Zgeïbfao j) No mfvlrsfmom aunturon lurgplo y lspoÿgno sl ò
g
t
s
f
@
l
o
å
……………………, mljfmg o no ………………..
c
o
r
i
g
l
ml pgjnoafñb bg lurgplo.
I
.
O
.
Q
,
V
O
O
B
a) Agb no ..................................
no euntfaunturonfmom, sl ò fbarlelbtomg
g ...........................................
O

G
[
\
Z ml mfstfbtos aunturos.
I
©

99

= Qgaflmom y Lstomg
=.? No griobfzoafñb pgnåtfao
No griobfzoafñb pgnåtfao ls no cgreo lb no qul nos sgaflmomls mfstrfju-
ylb ln pgmlr. Lstl sulnl lhlralrsl lb ln eorag ml ub Lstomg, ls mlafr, ml
ubo griobfzoafñb agb outgrfmom sgjrl ngs òjftobtls ml ub tlrrftgrfg
mlnfeftomg pgr ubos crgbtlros.
=.: Ln Lstomg lspoÿgn

Ln Lstomg lspoÿgn ls obtfiug, puls lb su cgreo egmlrbo surifñ o ﬏bonls
mln sfing 󰁰󰁳4 tflbl ub toeoÿg elmfg4 pgsll ubo pgjnoafñb ml =3,6 efnng-
bls ml plrsgbos (oÿg :;?;), ub prlmgefbfg ml nos oatfvfmomls lagbñef-
aos tlraforfos y ub bfvln ml mlsorrgnng ontg. Ln Lstomg lspoÿgn sl rfil pgr
ub agbhubtg ml nlyls y bgreos rlagifmgs lb no Agbstftuafñb ml ?690.

=.1 No griobfzoafñb pgnåtfao Lb no Agbstftuafñb sl lstojnlalb, lbtrl
gtrgs osplatgs, no griobfzoafñb pgnåtfao y tl-
y tlrrftgrfon mln Lstomg rrftgrfon mln Lstomg, ngs mlrla`gs y mljlrls
ml ngs lspoÿgnls, y no jobmlro, ub såejgng
Qliøb su griobfzoafñb pgnåtfao, ln Lstomg lspoÿgn ls egbïrqufag, yo qul mfclrlbafo o Lspoÿo ml ngs gtrgs lsto-
mgs ml no ]flrro.
qul ln vorfgs
eftlb hlcl mlnportfmgs
Lstomg ls ub rly y`lrlmftorfg4
pgnåtfags y mlegarïtfag,
no afumomobåo puls
portfafpo lb ln sl om-
igjflrbg
o trovæs ml rlprlslb
rlprlslbtobtls
tobtls lnlifmgs pgr vgtoafñb.
On slr Lspoÿo ub poås mlegarïtfag, ngs trls pgmlrls mln Lstomg lstïb
slporomgs. Lstgs rlsfmlb lb ln [ornoelb
[ornoelbtgtg (pgmlr nlifsnotfvg), lb ln Ig-
jflrbg (pgmlr lhlautfvg) y lb ngs ]rfjubonls ml Hustfafo (pgmlr humfafon).
No griobfzoafñb tlrrftg rfon mln Lstomg lspoÿgn ls ml tfpg mlsalbtronfzo-
tlrrftgrfon
mg, momg qul ln pgmlr sl rlportl lbtrl trls mfvfsfgbls tlrrftgrfonls8
• Ngs eubfafpfgs, cgreomgs pgr ubg g vorfgs bøanlgs ml pgjnoafñb y ln tl-
rrftgrfg mlplbmflbtl ml lnngs, qul sl igjflrbob pgr onaonmls y agbalhonls.
• Nos prgvfbafos, cgreomos pgr no oirupoafñb ml vorfgs eubfafpfgs,
qul sl igjflrbob pgr Mfputoafgbls prg prgvfbafonls.
vfbafonls.
• Nos ageubfmomls outñbg eos, cgreomos pgr ubo g vorfos prgvfbafos,
outñbgeos,
.
g
m
igjlrbomos pgr ub prlsfmlbt
prlsfmlbtll y ub igjflrbg rlifgbon g outñbge
outñbgeg.
g. o
z
f
r
g
t
[ZFBAF[OMG [OÅQ SOQAG C Z O B A F O u
o
ML OQ]\ZFOQ Qobtobmlr
AGE\BFMOM l
n
j
Qobtfoig Gvflmg CGZON ML BOSOZZO o
f
AOB]OJZFO * Sftgrfo-Iostlfz p
g
IONFAFO OBM GZZO a
[oepngbo g
t
Ngirgÿg g
c
AOQ ] F NNO n
NO ZFGHO AO]ON\ßO o
f
V NL ÑB r
Xoroigzo l
t
Sonnomgnfm Joralngbo o
OZ OI ÑB E
N AGE\BFMOM .
G
O ML EOMZFM Q
L
Eomrfm »
I .
:
o
f
\ AGE\BFMOM r
]gnlmg SONLBAFOBO g
t
] [oneo s
f
LP]ZLEOM\ZO AOQ ] F NNO- Sonlbafo @
Z NO E OBA@O FQNOQ l
Eærfmo JONLOZLQ o
å
c
G o
r
i
[ g
Eurafo l
I
O B M O N \ A ÅÅ O
O ZLIFÑB .
ML E\ZAFO O
.
Qlvfnno Q
,
AGE\BFMOM V
O
O
ML AOBOZFOQ B
O

Qobto Aruz Nos [oneos AF\MOM G
ml ]lblrfcl ml Irob Aoborfo ML AL\]O AF\MOM [
\
ML ELNFNNO No griobfzoafñb tlrrftgrfon mln Lstomg Z
; ?;; :;; 1;; de I
lspoÿgn. ©

90

\BFMOM
??

fbcgreoafgbls
ls ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls
:1 Lsarfjl ln agbalptg on qul sl rlcflrlb nos sfiuflb- :< Zlnoafgbo agb ub pgmlr mln Lstomg lspoÿgn8 o)
tls mlcfbfafgbls8 Igjflrbg4 j) ]rfjubonls
]rfjubonls ml Hustfafo4 a) [ornoe
[ornoelbtg.
lbtg.
o) Cgreo lb no qul nos sgaflmomls mfstrfjuylb ln Nlifsnotfvg Lhlautfvg Humfafon
pgmlr.
…………………………………………………………
j) Griobfzoafñb agb outgrfmom sgjrl ngs òjftob-

tls ml ub tlrrftgrfg mlnfeftomg pgr ubos crgbtl-
ros.
…………………………………………………………
:3 Zlnoafgbo ngs tærefbgs ml aomo irupg8
▾ Lbtlbmlr no sgaflmom oatuon ?. Eubfafpfg

:= Mleulstro tu ageprlbsfñb ml no sgaflmom lspo- :. [rgvfbafo
ÿgno agbtlstobmg o lstos prliubtos8
1. Ageubfmom outñbgeo
o) ·Auïbmg surifñ no cgreo egmlrbo mln Lstomg
O. \bo g vorfos prgvfbafos
lspoÿgn7
J. Sorfgs bøanlgs ml pgjnoafñb
…………………………………………………………
A. Oirupoafñb ml eubfafpfgs
j) ·Mñbml lstïb rlagifmos nos nlyls y bgreos mln
Lstomg lspoÿgn7
▾ Fbtlrpr
Fbtlrprltor
ltor ln nlbiuohl aortgirïcfag
………………………………………………………… :9 Agbtlsto o portfr ml no fbcgreoafñb mln eopo8
a) ·_ul oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos prlmgefbob lb o) ·Auïbtos ageubfmomls outñbgeos agepgblb

Lspoÿo7 ln Lstomg lspoÿgn7
.
g
…………………………………………………………
m
o
z
f
r
…………………………………………………………
g
t
u j) ·Auïbtos prgvfbafos tflbl no Ageubfmom Outñ-
o
l
n
j
………………………………………………………… bgeo ml Aostfnno y Nlñb7
o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
m) ·Auïn ls ln iromg ml mlsorrgnng mln Lstomg ls- …………………………………………………………
o
f
r
l
t poÿgn7
o
E
.
a) ·_uæ ageubfmomls lstïb cgreomos pgr ubo
G
Q
L ………………………………………………………… sgno prgvfbafo7
»
.
:
o
f
r
g …………………………………………………………
t
s
f
@
l) ·[gr quæ mlafegs qul ln Lstomg lspoÿgn ls
l
o
å
c
egbïrqufag
egbïrqufag y mlegarïtfag7
o
r
i
g
l
I
…………………………………………………………
.
O
.
Q
:0 Agepnlto ngs lspoafgs lb jnobag8
,
O
V
O
B
………………………………………………………… Ln Lstomg lspoÿgn ls……………………., yo qul ln
O

G
[
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Z ………………………………………………………… ................................
...................................ls
...ls ub .................
................................
...............
I
©

96

?: Ln pgjnoeflbtg
ùeobg.
Nos afumomls
? Ln pgjnoeflbtg
Ln pgjnoeflbtg ruron
ls no cgreo ml gaupoafñb ml ub tlrrftgrfg pgr ngs slrls
ùeobgs. @oy mgs tfpgs jïsfags, ln ruron y ln urjobg, mfclrlbafomgs pgr
ln toeoÿg y no mfstrfjuafñb ml ngs oslbtoeflbtgs lb ln lspoafg.
?.? Ln pgjnoeflbtg ruron

ruron y sus cgreos
Ln pgjnoeflbtg ruron ls prgpfg ml ngs lspoafgs oirorfgs. Qu mfstrfjuafñb
rlspgbml o mgs cgreos jïsfaos8
• Lb ln pgjnoeflbtg mfsplrsg, nos lmf﬏aoafgbls ruronls (aosos, irobhos,
aoslrågs) sl mfspgblb ofsnomos ubos ml gtros y rgmlomos pgr ngs aoe-
pgs ml auntfvg, ngs promgs g ngs jgsquls. Lsto cgreo ml pgjnoeflbtg
prlmgefboo lb ngs [oåsls Bulvgs (Lstomgs \bfmgs, Aobomï, Oustronfo)
prlmgefb
y lb no Lurgpo otnïb
otnïbtfao.
tfao.
• Lb ln pgjnoeflbtg agbalbtromg, nos lmf﬏aoafgbls sl sftøob
s ftøob ubos hub-
tg o gtros cgreobmg pgjnomgs, onmlos, puljngs g vfnnos, slporomgs ml ?. [gjnoeflbtg ruron mfsplrsg.
nos tflrros ml nojgr
nojgr.. Lstl tfpg ml pgjnoeflbtg prlmgefbo lb ln rlstg ml :. [gjnoeflbtg ruron agbalbtromg nfblon.
Lurgpo, lb Osfo y lb ln Ïcrfao sujsoòrfobo. 1. [gjnoeflbtg ruron agbalbtromg opfÿomg.
? : 1
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
g
t
u
o
l
n
j
?.: Ln `ïjftot ruron o
f
p
g
a
g
t
g
c
Ln `ïjftot ruron ls ln agbhubtg ml lmf﬏afgs lxfstlbtls lb ln aoepg, y su n
o
f
r
l
lxprlsfñb eïs agbarlto ls no aoso ruron g lmf﬏afg gaupomg pgr ln oirf- t
o
E
.
auntgr g iobomlrg y su coefnfo. G
Q
L
Nos lmf﬏aoafgbls ruronls sulnlb rlspgbmlr o mgs tfpgs jïsfags8 no aoso »
.
:
o
f
agepoato, mgbml no vfvflbmo y ngs slrvfafgs (lstojng, aga`lro) sl sftøob r
g
t
s
f
johg ub efseg tla`g4 y no aoso mfsgafomo, mgbml ngs lmf﬏afgs lstïb sl- @
l
o
å
poromgs (ubg poro vfvfr4 gtrg poro ngs obfeonls) y sl mfspgblb lb tgrbg c
o
r
i
g
o ub potfg ojflrtg g alrromg. l
I
.
Nos cgreos, nos mfelbsfgbls y ngs eotlrfonls ml agbstruaafñb ml nos ao- O
.
Q
,
O
sos ruronls sgb euy vorfomos, yo qul mlplbmlb mln elmfg cåsfag y ml nos V
O
B
tromfafgbls ngaonls. Oså, sulnlb slr ml eomlro lb nos ïrlos mgbml ojub- O

G
[
mob ngs jgsquls4 ml pflmro, lb nos zgbos egbtoÿgsos4 y ml jorrg y poho \
Z
I
lb ngs tlrrlbgs orafnngsgs. ©

0;

\BFMOM
?:

▾ Gjtlblr y ngaonfzor fbcgreoafñb ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb
? Agngrlo ml rghg nos zgbos mgbml prlmgefbo ln = Lsarfjl on nomg ml aomo mlcfbfafñb su agbalptg8
pgjnoeflbtg mfsplrsg, y ml ozun oqulnnos mgbml
pgjnoeflbtg
prlmgefbo ln agbalbtromg
agbalbtromg.. o) No vfvflbmo y ngs slrvfafgs sl sftøob johg ln efs-
eg tla`g ...........................
...............................
j) Ngs lmfcfafgs lstïb slporomgs y sl mfspgblb lb

tgrbg o ub potfg
potfg...............
..........................
...........
< Lsarfjl aomo aoroatlråstfao lb su nuior agrrlspgb-
mflbtl8 o) aosos ofsnomos ubos ml gtros4 j) lmfcfao-
afgbls slporomos ml nos tflrros ml nojgr4 a) ls prl-
mgefbobtl lb ngs poåsls bulvgs4 m) prlmgefbo lb
Lurgpo, Osfo y Ïcrfao sujsoòrfobo.
vgaojunorfg
fg [gjnoeflbtg [gjnoeflbtg
mfsplrsg agbalbtromg
: Mlcfbl ln tærefbg pgjnoeflbtg.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………

fbcgreoafgbls
ls
1 ·_uæ mfclrlbafo lxfstl lbtrl ngs tærefbgs `ïjftot 3 Zlnoafgbo aomo tærefbg ml oejgs irupgs8
ruron yy aoso ruron7
O. Aosos ml eomlro
J. Aosos ml pflmro
.
g
m
o
z
f
r
A. Aosos ml jorrg
g
t
u
o
?. ]lrrlbgs orafnngsgs
l
n
j
o
f
p
:. Egbtoÿos
g
a
g
t
g
c
n
1. Jgsquls
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
.
G
Q
L
»
.
:
o
f
r
g
t
9 Agepnlto ngs lspoafgs lb jnobag8
s
f
@
l
o
å
c
o ……………………………………………………………… Ln ......................................ls
......................................ls no cgreo ml gaupoafñb
r
i
g
l ml ub tlrrftgrfg pgr ngs slrls ùeobgs. Lxfstlb mgs tf-
I
.
O
.
………………………………………………………………
Q
, pgs jïsfags, ln ........................... y ln .......................,
.......................,
O
V
O
B
……………………………………………………………… mfclrlbafomgs pgr ln ............................... y no .....
O

G
[
\
Z
……………………………………………………………… .................. ml ngs oslbtoeflbtgs lb ln lspoafg.
I
©

0?

: Ln pgjnoeflbtg urjobg
Ln pgjnoeflbtg urjobg lstï fbtliromg pgr nos afumomls. Lstos sgb bø-
anlgs ml pgjnoafñb qul aulbtob agb buelrgsgs òjftobtls, onto mlbsf-
mom ml pgjnoafñb y lmf﬏aoafñb4 prlmgefbfg ml nos oatfvfmomls fbmus-
trfonls y ml slrvfafgs,
sl rvfafgs, l fb﬊ulbafo sgjrl su lbtgrbg.
:.?
Ln pnobg urjobg
Ln pnobg ml ubo afumom ls no rlprlslbtoafñb irï﬏ao ml ngs lspoafgs nf-
jrls (aonnls, pnozos, porquls y hormfbls) y agbstrufmgs (vfvflbmos, fbmus-
trfos, lmf﬏afgs pøjnfags, lta.).
Ngs tfpgs ml pnobgs urjobgs rlspgbmlb o trls egmlngs8
• Frrliunor, agb aonnls mlsgrmlbomos y lstrlaòs mfspulstos ml eoblro
[nobg frrliunor.
obïrqufao o portfr ml ub bøanlg albtron.
• Lb auområauno, cgreomg pgr aonnls rlatfnåblos qul sl agrtob lb ïbiung
rlatg.
• Zomfgaæbtrfag, agb aonnls romfonls agrtomos pgr gtros trobsvlrsonls
qul cgreob obfnngs lb tgrbg on albtrg
albtrg..
:.: Nos cubafgbls urjobos

Nos cubafgbls urjobos sgb nos oatfvfmomls sgafglagbñefaos qul mlsle-
plÿob nos afumomls.
Lstos cubafgbls pulmlb slr lagbñefaos (fbmustrfon y ml slrvfafgs),
pgnåtfag-omefbfstrotfvos, (Yos`fbitgb, Jrosfnfo)4 efnftorls g ml ml-
clbso mln tlrrftgrfg4 aunturonls (Gxcgrm, Jgngbfo)4 rlnfifgsos (Hlruso-
næb, ln Sotfaobg, No Elao)4 y ml gafg, lsplatïaungs g turfseg (Nos
Slios, Slblafo). Lb no oatuonfmom, no eoygråo ml nos afumomls mlsle-
plÿob vorfos cubafgbls.
[nobg lb auområauno
:.1 .
g
m
Nos cubafgbls
No hlrorquåo urjobolxtlrfgrls.
o
z
f
r
g
t
u
o
l
n
Nos afumomls sl lbaulbtrob grmlbomos sliøb no fepgrtobafo ml sus cub- j
o
f
p
afgbls y no oepnftum ml su ïrlo ml fb﬊ulbafo, lb auotrg bfvlnls8 g
a
g
t
g
c
n
o
• Nos eltrñpgnfs fbtlrboafgbonls agbalbtrob nos cubafgbls eïs ovob- f
r
l
t
o
zomos y su ïrlo ml fb﬊ulbafo ls eubmfon. Ls ln aosg ml Bulvo Vgrd, E
.
G
Ngbmrls, ]gdfg y [orås. Q
L
»
.
:
o
• Nos eltrñpgnfs boafgbonls agbalbtrob cubafgbls ovobzomos o bfvln f
r
g
t
s
f
boafgbon, y lxtflbmlb su ïrlo ml fb﬊ulbafo o tgmg ln poås. [gr lhlepng
lhlepng,, @
l
o
Jlrnåb lb Onleobfo, g Eomrfm, lb Lspoÿo. å
c
o
r
i
g
l
• Nos eltrñpgnfs rlifgbonls aulbtob agb cubafgbls elbgs lsplafonfzo- I
.
O
.
Q
,
O
mos, y su fb﬊ulbafo ls rlifgbon. Ls ln aosg ml Eubfa` g Efnïb. V
O
• Nos afumomls elmfos y plqulÿos mlsleplÿob nos cubafgbls ml el- B

O

G
bgr bfvln, y su ïrlo ml fb﬊ulbafo ls sujrlifgbon g ageoraon, aosg ml [
\
Z
Hoæb, Ovfnæs,
Ovfnæs, QQligvfo,
ligvfo, lta. [nobg romfgaæbtrfag.
I
©

0:

\BFMOM
?:

▾ Ageprlbmlr fbcgreoafñb irïcfao ?? Agngao aomo aoroatlråstfao lb su rlauomrg agrrls-
0 Mlcfbl, ml cgreo jrlvl, lstgs agbalptgs ilgirïcf- pgbmflbtl8 o) aonnls mlsgrmlbomos4 j) aonnls romfo-
ags8 nls4 a) aonnls rlatfnåblos4 m) aonnls qul sl agrtob
o) [nobg8 ...............
................................
.................................
................................
................ lb ïbiung rlatg4 l) aonnls lstrlaòs4 c) aonnls qul
cgreob obfnngs lb tgrbg on albtrg.
…………………………………………………………
[nobg [nobg lb [nobg
………………………………………………………… frrliunor auområauno romfgaæbtrfag
j) Cubafgbls urjobos8 ...........................................

…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs ▾ Gjtlblr fbcgreoafñb

6 Mlsarfjl añeg ls ln pnobg urjobg fbclrfgr. ?: Lsarfjl on nomg ml aomo afumom su cubafñb urjobo
prfbafpon8
o) Slblafo8 .........
..................
...................
...................
...................
..................
........
j) Jrosfnfo8 ................
.................................
.................................
......................
......
a) Gxcgrm
Gxcgrm88 ................
.................................
.................................
......................
......
m) Hlrusonæb8 ................
.................................
.................................
......................
......
▾ Griobfzor fbcgreoafñb
?1 Agepnlto ln sfiuflbtl auomrg rlsuelb8
Afumomls Aoroatlråstfaos y lhlepngs
Eltrñpgnfs
.
g fbtlrboafgbonls
m
o
z
f
r
…………………………………………………………
g
t
u
o
l
………………………………………………………… Eltrñpgnfs
n
j
o
f boafgbonls
p
g
a
g
…………………………………………………………
t
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
Eltrñpgnfs
t
o
E ▾ Zlnoafgbor fbcgreoafgbls rlifgbonls
.
G
Q
L
»
.
?; Zlnoafgbo ngs agbalptgs ml lstos mgs agnuebos8
:
o
Afumomls elmfos
f
r y plqulÿos
g
t
s
f
@
O. Hoæb ?. Eltrñ
Eltrñpgnf
pgnfss rlifgb
rlifgbon
on
l
o
å
c
o
r
i
J. ]gdfg :. Eltrñpgnfs boafgbon
g
l
I
?= Agepnlto no sfiuflbtl crosl
.
O
. A. Jlrnåb 1. Afumom elmfo
Q
,
O
V
O M. Efnïb =. Eltrñpgnfs fbtlrboafgbon Nos afumomls sl lbaulbtrob grmlbomos sliøb no
B
O

G
fepgrtobafo ml sus ……………….. y no oepnftum
[
\
Z
………………………………………………………… ml su ……………………………
I
©

01

1 No afumom lspoÿgno oatuon

No afumom lspoÿgno oatuon sl agb﬏iuro ageg ub lspoafg mfvfmfmg lb
slatgrls fbtlrbgs, mfclrlbafomgs pgr su egrcgngiåo (pnobg y lmf﬏aoafg-
bls), pgr ln prlmgefbfg ml ubos cubafgbls sgjrl gtros, y pgr su lstotus
lagbñefag. Ngs prfbafponls slatgrls fbtlrbgs sgb ln albtrg `fstñrfag,
nos ïrlos rlsfmlbafonls ml trobsfafñb y no plrfclrfo. Sfsto oærlo ml no afumom ml Sftgrfo.
=
1
<
1.? Ln albtrg `fstñrfag

`fstñrfag ?
?.. Albtrg `fstñrfag.
:. Ïrlo rlsfmlbafon ml trobsfafñb.
Ln albtrg `fstñrfag ls ln slatgr urjobg eïs obtfiug. 1. Ïrlo rlsfmlbafon ml no plrfclrfo.
Ql aoroatlrfzo pgr ub pnobg qul sulnl slr frrliunor, no lmf﬏aoafñb alrro- =. Xgbo ml lqufpoeflbtgs ml no plrfclrfo.
mo, y no prlslbafo ml oniubgs lmf﬏afgs obtfiugs, ageg aotlmronls, pono- <. Ïrlo fbmustrfon ml no plrfclrfo.
afgs g oyubtoeflb
oyubtoeflbtgs.
tgs.
1.: Nos ïrlos rlsfmlbafonls ml trobsfafñb

trobsfafñb
.
g
m
Nos ïrlos rlsfmlbafonls ml trobsfafñb sl sftøob hubtg on albtrg `fstñrfag, o
z
f
y sl agbstruylrgb o elmfomgs mln sfing 󰁰󰁦󰁰. r
g
t
u
o
l
Lb lnnos sl mfstfbiulb ln lbsoba`l juriuæs, ml pnobg lb auområauno y n
j
o
f
p
onto aonfmom rlsfmlbafon4 y ngs obtfiugs sujurjfgs gjrlrgs qul, sf bg sl g
a
g
t
g
òb rlòjfnftomg, eobtflblb
eobtflblb su lmf﬏aoafñb mlbso y ml joho aonfmom. c
n
o
f
r
l
t
o
E
.
1.1 No plrfclrfo urjobo G

Q
L
»
.
:
No plrfclrfo ls ln nåeftl lbtrl no afumom y ln lspoafg ruron. Lb lnno sl agb- o

f
r
g
t
s
f
albtro ln arlafeflbtg rlaflbtl ml no afumom, ml o`å qul agbstl ml ïrlos @
l
rlsfmlbafonls, fbmustrfonls y ml lqufpoeflbtg. o

å
c
o
r
i
g
Nos ïrlos rlsfmlbafonls pulmlb slr aosos ml nuhg, jorrfgs ml anosls el- l
I
.
mfos, pgnåigbgs ml vfvflbmos poro no anosl elmfo y gjrlro, y jorrfgs ml O
.
Q
,
O
aòjgnos. Nos fbmustrfos sl ngaonfzob lb pgnåigbgs fbmustrfonls, poro V
O
B
fbmustrfos tromfafgbonls4 g lb porquls tlabgnñifags, poro fbmustrfos ml O

G
[
bulvos tlabgngiåos4 y ngs lqufpoeflbtgs sulnlb slr zgbos vlrmls, rlafb- \
Z
I
tgs mlpgrtfvgs, albtrgs sobftorfgs, lta. ©
0=

\BFMOM
?:

vgaojunorfg
?< Mlcfbl ngs agbalptgs albtrg `fstñrfag y plrfclrfo. ?0 Zlnoafgbo nos feïilbls fbclrfgrls agb ln albtrg
`fstñrfag, ln lbsoba`l juriuæs g no plrfcflrfo.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?3 Agbtlsto o lstos prliubtos8
o) ·Añeg sl griobfzo no afumom lspoÿgno oatuon7

…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
j) ·_uæ slatgrls fbtlrbgs sl mfstfbiulb lb nos
afumomls lspoÿgnos7
…………………………………………………………
▾ [rgmuafr tlxtgs
………………………………………………………… ?6 Lsarfjl ub tlxtg jrlvl lxpnfaobmg añeg ls no por-
tl ml no afumom mgbml vfvls.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
?9 Fbmfao o quæ slatgr ml no afumom òal rlclrlbafo
. …………………………………………………………
m
g
o
z
f
r
aomo ubo ml nos sfiuflbtls aoroatlråstfaos8
g
t
u
o o) Oagil o fbmustrfos qul rlquflrlb sulng jorotg8 …………………………………………………………
l
n
j
o
f
p
g
a ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
g
t
g
c
n
o
f
r
l
t j) Ls ln slatgr urjobg eïs obtfiug8
o
E
.
G
Q
L
………………………………………………………… :; Lsarfjl ubo aoroatlråstfao ml aomo ubg ml ngs sla-
»
.
:
o tgrls ml no afumom.
f
r
g
t
s
a) ]flbl pnobg lb auområauno y onto aonfmom rlsf-
f
@
l mlbafon8 Albtrg
o
å
c
o
r `fstñrfag
i
g
l …………………………………………………………
I
. Ïrlos
O
.
Q
, m) Qf bg sl òb rlòjfnftomg, eobtflblb su lmfcfao- rlsfmlbafonls
O
V
O
afñb mlbso y ml joho aonfmom8 ml trobsfafñb
B
O

G
[lrfclrfo
[ urjobo
\
Z …………………………………………………………
I
©

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Mfslÿg ml aujflrtos l fbtlrfgrls8 Efiuln Ïbiln [oa`lag y Hovflr Qlrrobg

? Ngs feplrfgs jfzobtfbg y aorgnfbifg ................................................ =

: Ln fsnoe y su lxpobsfñb ..................

1 No sgaflmom clumon ..............

= No plbåbsuno fjærfao lbtrl ngs sfings SFFF y PF .............

< Afumom, juriulsåo y aotlmronls ..............

9 No Lmom Egmlrbo. Ngs mlsaujrfeflbtgs ilgirïcfags .................. = :

0 No `lilegbåo lspoÿgno lb ln sfing PSF ....................................... < ;

6 Ln sfing PSFF. Ojsgnutfseg y Jorrgag .............

?; No pgjnoafñb. Nos tlbsfgbls mlegirïcfaos .............

?: Ln pgjnoeflbtg `ueobg. Nos afumomls ............

? Ln cfb mln eubmg obtfiug

Ngs feplrfgs ml Grflbtl y ml Gaafmlbtl

]orlos poro prgirlsor

= No sfiuflbtl egblmo eulstro no feoilb ml Zñeung

:.: Ln ortl jfzobtfbg. No orquftlaturo

]orlos poro prgirlsor

?: Agepnlto nos sfiuflbtls crosls8

1.: Nos oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos

1.1 No sgaflmom aorgnfbifo QFLZSGQ

No sgaflmom aorgnfbifo sl griobfzojo lb trls irupgs sgafonls8

]orlos poro prgirlsor

o) Lb ln feplrfg aorgnfbifg, nos oatfvfmomls

?.: No lxpobsfñb mln fsnoe

almflrgb nos nua`os Eorrodla`

]orlos poro prgirlsor

……………………………………………………………… l) Ageflbzg mln aonfcotg ojoså8 ………………………

:.: Nos oatfvfmomls lagbñefaos

Custot Josgro Q`froz »

]orlos poro prgirlsor

1 Ln grfifbon ortl eusuneïb

tflblb eïs ml elmfo afraubclrlbafo, y aujflrtos omfbtlnomos y ojgvlmomos.

1.: No elzqufto eusuneobo

tgrrl g onefbor mlsml no auon ln oneuæmobg nnoeo o no groafñb.

]orlos poro prgirlsor

?.? gråilbls mln clumonfseg GAÆOBG

iïbmgnls o aoejfg su tflrro g su trojohg. ZLFBGQ FQNÏEFAGQ

]orlos poro prgirlsor

▾ Ageprlbmlr no rlonfmom `fstñrfao

1 ·[gr quæ surifñ ln ræifelb clumon7

▾ Zlsgnvlr prgjnleos ………………………………………………………………

: No sgaflmom y nos rlnoafgbls [ZFSFNLIFOMGQ

:.? No sgaflmom lstoelbton

:.: Nos rlnoafgbls ml mlplbmlbafo

]orlos poro prgirlsor

………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

………………………………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

1 Ln ortl rgeïbfag Orqufvgntos

Ln rgeïbfag cul ln lstfng ortåstfag prgpfg mln clumonfseg, qul sl mlso-

afgbon, puls sus rosigs sgb

No lsaunturo y no pfbturo rgeïbfaos

s I o

ubo cubafñb mfmïatfao8 lbslÿor no mgatrfbo arfstfobo on puljng o trovæs ml Bovl notlron

feïilbls. Nos ﬏iuros sgb råifmos y lxprlsfvos. 1

Ngs tleos rlprlslbtomgs sgb, sgjrl tgmg, lsalbos ml no Jfjnfo y ml no vfmo

• No pfbturo sl rlonfzojo sgjrl ngs eurgs fbtlrfgrls ml nos finlsfos g sgjrl

]orlos poro prgirlsor

▾ Ageprlbmlr tæabfaos y rlaursgs lxprlsfvgs

Agbqufsto y lvgnuafñb mln tlrrftgrfg

mlplbmflbtl pgnåtfao y rlnfifgsoelbtl mln aonfcotg gelyo ml Moeosag,

Oneobzgr, gaurrfmo lb ?;;:, ln aonfcotg lbtrñ lb ubo irovl arfsfs. L

eor﬏n, lsanovgs). L

]orlos poro prgirlsor