Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techniques PDF

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL TECHNICIAN REVIEW
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
ALIPHATIC VS. AROMATIC COMPOUND
ORGANIC REACTIONS
ORGANIC REACTIONS
ORGANIC REACTIONS
ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES
ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES
SOLUBILITY
SOLUBILITY
SOLUBILITY
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES
LABORATORY GLASSWARES
LABORATORY GLASSWARES-MEASURING AND TRANSFERRING
HEATING METHODS
Heating and cooling MetHodS Many organic reactions do not occur
spontaneously when the reactants are mixed together but require a
period of heating to reach completion.
Exothermic organic reactions, on the other hand, require removal of

the heat generated during a reaction by using a cooling bath.
Cooling baths are also used to ensure the maximum recovery of

crystallized product from a solution or to cool the contents of a
reaction flask.
In addition, heating and cooling methods are utilized in other

techniques of the organic lab, such as distillation and recrystallization
HEATING METHODS
BUMPING- Liquids heated in laboratory glassware tend to boil by forming

large bubbles of superheated vapor.
SUPERHEATING - a phenomenon caused by a temperature gradient in

the liquid—lower temperatures near the surface and higher
temperatures at the bottom of the liquid near the heat source.
- can lead to loss of product and a potentially dangerous

situation if the superheated liquid spatters out of the container
and causes burns.
HEATING METHODS
HEATING AND COOLING METHODS
HEATING METHODS
HEATING METHODS
HEATING METHODS
Microwave reactors –
 designed specifically for laboratory use and became commercially
available and now microwave heating or microwave-assisted
organic synthesis (MAOS)
 Compared to conventional heating methods, modern microwave
devices typically allow reactions to proceed safely at much faster
rates, using less energy, and often with higher yields and fewer side
products.
COOLING METHODS
 Cooling baths are frequently needed in the organic laboratory to control exothermic
reactions, to cool reaction mixtures before the next step in a procedure, and to
promote recovery of the maximum amount of crystalline solid from a recrystallization.
 Most commonly, cold tap water or an ice/water mixture serves as the coolant.
 Effective cooling with ice requires the addition of just enough water to provide
complete contact between the ice and the flask or vial being cooled.
 Crushed ice alone does not pack well enough against a flask for efficient cooling
because the air in the spaces between the ice particles is a poor conductor of heat.
 Temperatures as low as –20°C can be achieved by mixing solid sodium chloride with
crushed ice in a one-to-three ratio, respectively. The amount of water added should
be only enough to make good contact with the vessel being cooled.
 A cooling bath of 2-propanol and chunks of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) can be
used for temperatures from –30° to –70°C. Caution: Foaming occurs as solid carbon
dioxide chunks are added to 2-propanol. The 2-propanol/dry ice mixture should be
contained in a Dewar flask, a double-walled vacuum chamber that insulates the
contents from ambient temperature
COOLING METHODS
PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Gas Chromathography High Performance Liquid Chromathography
Thin Layer Chromathography Paper Chromathography

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
SPECTROSCOPY
SPECTROSCOPY
SPECTROSCOPY
ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE MANAGEMENT
RELEVANT LAWS AND REGULATION ON CHEMICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Republic Act/AO Title

RA 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
RA 6969 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear

Waste Control Act
RA 9275 Clean Water Act
RA 8749 Clean Air Act
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
SEGREGATION OF WASTE
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

• defines and classifies the hazards of chemical products, and
communicates health and safety information on labels and
safety data sheet.
• GHS is a 'non-binding' system of hazard communication.
• The purpose of classification under the GHS is to provide

harmonized information to users of chemicals with the goal of
enhancing protection of human health and the environment.
Many countries already have regulatory systems in place for
chemical classification and hazard communication.
SAFETY DATA SHEET
SAFETY DATA SHEET
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT
- In US safety standards, precautionary statements are
sentences providing information on potential hazards, and
proper procedures. They are used in situations from consumer
products on labels and manuals, to descriptions of physical
activities. Various methods are used to bring focus to them,
such as setting apart from normal text, graphic icons, changes
in text's font and color. Texts will often clarify the types of
statements and their meanings within the text.
Code General Precautionary Statement Hazard Class (GHS Chapter) Hazard Category Conditions for Use
Obtain special instructions Unstable

P201 Explosives (Chap. 2.1)
before use. explosive
HAZARDS STATEMENT
-Hazard statements form part of the GHS. They are intended to form a set of
standardized phrases about the hazards of chemical substances and mixtures
that can be translated into different languages. As such, they serve the same
purpose as the well-known R-phrases, which they are intended to replace.
Hazard statements are one of the key elements for the labelling ofcontainers
under the GHS, along with:an identification of the product
• one or more hazard pictograms (where necessary)
• a signal word – either Danger or Warning – where necessary
• Precautionary statement indicating how the product should be handled to
minimize risks to the user (as well as to other people and the general
environment)
• the identity of the supplier (who might be a manufacturer or importer).
Hazard
Code Health hazard statement Hazard Class (GHS Chapter)
Category
Acute toxicity, oral (chapter
H300 Fatal if swallowed 1, 2
3.1)

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Exothermic organic reactions, on the other hand, require removal of

Cooling baths are also used to ensure the maximum recovery of

In addition, heating and cooling methods are utilized in other

BUMPING- Liquids heated in laboratory glassware tend to boil by forming

SUPERHEATING - a phenomenon caused by a temperature gradient in

- can lead to loss of product and a potentially dangerous

Gas Chromathography High Performance Liquid Chromathography

Thin Layer Chromathography Paper Chromathography

Republic Act/AO Title

RA 6969 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear

Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

• GHS is a 'non-binding' system of hazard communication.

• The purpose of classification under the GHS is to provide

Obtain special instructions Unstable

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